Peru (Republic of Peru)

Peru Republic of Peru
Status	Independent State
Capital	Lima
Land Area	1 280 000km21
Location	South America, The Americas
Population	29.7m (2011)2
Life Expectancy	74.81yrs (2017)3
GNI	$11 295 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	PE, PER, 6045
Internet Domain	.pe6
Currency	Sol (PEN)7
Telephone	+518

1. Overview
2. Peru National and Social Development
3. Population and Demographics
4. Politics and Freedom
5. Gender Equality
6. Religion and Beliefs
7. The Internet
8. Public Health Issues
9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries
10. Links

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1. Overview

“Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces were defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which installed Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of indigenous Quechuan ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, oversaw a robust economic rebound. In June 2011, former army officer Ollanta HUMALA Tasso was elected president, defeating Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi, the daughter of Alberto FUJIMORI. Since his election, HUMALA has carried on the sound, market-oriented economic policies of the three preceeding administrations.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Peru startles with its variety – parched coastal desert, jagged Andean peaks, lush Amazon rainforest. Its rich culture runs the gamut from sophisticated Lima to mist-shrouded ancient ruins. A visit to South America isn´t complete without a pilgrimage to the glorious Inca citadel of Machu Picchu, but, the truth is, this feted site is just a flash in a 5000-year history of peoples. Walk through the dusted remnants of a vast ancient city at Chan Chan, the largest pre-Columbian ruins in all the Americas. Fly over the puzzling geo-glyphs etched into the arid earth at Nazca. Or venture into the rugged wilds that hem the stalwart fortress of Kuelap. Lima´s great museums, with priceless ceramics, gold and some of the finest textiles in the world, reveal in full detail the sophistication, skill and passion of these lost civilizations. Visit remote communities and see how old ways live on. Peru is as complex as its most intricate weavings. Festivals mix ancient pageantry with stomping brass bands. The urban vanguard beams with artistry and innovation. Trails mark the way from dense jungle to glacial peaks. Immerse yourself in Peru and leave a little closer to the past.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Peru National and Social Development

#human_development

UN HDI (2016)11
Pos.		Lower is better Rank11
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
84	Armenia	84
85	Ukraine	84
86	Jordan	86
87	Peru	87
88	Thailand	87
89	Ecuador	89
90	China	90
91	Fiji	91
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Higher is better Points12
1	Iceland	83.4
2	Denmark	82.4
3	Sweden	82.1
	...
59	Liechtenstein	59.1
60	Mexico	59.1
61	Romania	59.1
62	Peru	58.7
63	Bhutan	58.6
64	Malaysia	58.4
65	Bulgaria	58.3
66	UAE	58.3
	World Avg	55.3
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

#demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #overpopulation #Peru #population

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)13
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10013
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
96	Guyana	15.0
97	Fiji	15.3
98	Mexico	15.4
99	Peru	15.5
100	Dominican Rep.	15.6
101	Venezuela	15.6
102	Kazakhstan	15.6
103	Ecuador	16.0
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Dominica	104.8
2	Palestine	68.4
3	Samoa	67.3
	...
128	Bahrain	3.7
129	Gambia	3.7
130	Chile	3.7
131	Peru	3.7
132	Czechia	3.6
133	Mauritania	3.5
134	Canada	3.5
135	Algeria	3.4
	World Avg	11.5
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013)15
Pos.		2.0 is best15
1	Korea, N.	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
60	Ecuador	2.41
61	Mauritius	1.59
62	Panama	2.42
63	Peru	2.43
64	Barbados	1.57
65	China	1.57
66	Serbia	1.56
67	Libya	2.44
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Immigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Qatar	86.5
2	Monaco	71.6
3	UAE	70.0
	...
185	Myanmar (Burma)	0.2
186	Korea, N.	0.2
187	Morocco	0.2
188	Cuba	0.1
189	Peru	0.1
190	Vietnam	0.1
191	Indonesia	0.1
192	China	0.1
	World Avg	9.2
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015)16
Pos.		Higher is better Years16
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
74	Malaysia	74.90
75	Armenia	74.89
76	Romania	74.84
77	Peru	74.81
78	Brazil	74.75
79	Thailand	74.62
80	Mauritius	74.60
81	Kuwait	74.55
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)17
Pos.		The Overpopulation of the Earth17
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
40	Morocco	32.6m
41	Nepal	31.0m
42	Venezuela	29.9m
43	Peru	29.7m
44	Malaysia	29.3m
45	Saudi Arabia	28.7m
46	Uzbekistan	28.1m
47	Yemen	25.6m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Peru's population is predicted to rise to 35.49 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 2.43. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

• The Overpopulation of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

4. Politics and Freedom

#antisemitism #corruption #freedom #human_development #human_rights #mass_media #peace #Peru #politics #slavery

Anti-Semite Opinions (2014)18
Pos.		Lower is better %18
1	Laos	0
2	Philippines	3
3	Sweden	4
	...
67	Ukraine	38
68	S. Africa	38
69	Belarus	38
70	Peru	38
71	Colombia	41
72	Hungary	41
73	Dominican Rep.	41
74	Serbia	42
	World Avg	36.8
q=101.

Corruption (2012-2016)19
Pos.		Higher is better Avg Score19
1	Denmark	90.8
2	New Zealand	90.6
3	Finland	89.4
	...
91	Sri Lanka	37.6
92	Panama	37.4
93	Morocco	37.2
94	Peru	37.0
95	Benin	36.8
96	Colombia	36.6
97	Thailand	36.6
98	Maldives	36.0
	World Avg	43.05
q=176.

Global Peace Index (2012)20
Pos.		Lower is better20
1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
76	Paraguay	1.97
77	Greece	1.98
78	Senegal	1.99
79	Peru	2.00
80	Nepal	2.00
81	Montenegro	2.01
82	Nicaragua	2.01
83	Brazil	2.02
	World Avg	2.02
q=157.

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009)21
Pos.		Higher is better Treaties21
1	Argentina	24
2	Chile	23
3	Costa Rica	23
4	Ecuador	23
5	Germany	23
6	Mexico	23
7	Peru	23
8	Spain	23
9	Slovenia	23
10	Paraguay	23
11	Serbia	23
12	Sweden	23
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom (2014)22
Pos.		Lower is better Rank22
1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
	...
50	Albania	50
51	Seychelles	51
52	Israel	52
53	Peru	53
54	Bosnia & Herzegovina	54
55	Armenia	55
56	Macedonia	55
57	Suriname	55
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

Press Freedom (2013)23
Pos.		Lower is better23
1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
	...
101	Albania	3088
102	Maldives	3110
103	Uganda	3169
104	Peru	3187
105	Kyrgyzstan	3220
106	Fiji	3269
107	Brazil	3275
108	Bolivia	3280
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

Slavery (2018)24
Pos.		Lower is better % Victims24
1	Japan	0.0003
2	Canada	0.0005
3	Taiwan	0.0005
	...
47	Morocco	0.0024
48	El Salvador	0.0025
49	Portugal	0.0025
50	Peru	0.0026
51	Guyana	0.0026
52	Jamaica	0.0026
53	Mexico	0.0027
54	Colombia	0.0027
	World Avg	0.0065
q=167.

5. Gender Equality

#gender #misogyny #Peru #politics #women

Gender Inequality (2015)25
Pos.		Lower is better25
1	Switzerland	0.04
2	Denmark	0.04
3	Netherlands	0.04
	...
83	Lebanon	0.38
84	Rwanda	0.38
85	El Salvador	0.38
86	Peru	0.39
87	Sri Lanka	0.39
88	Ecuador	0.39
89	Colombia	0.39
90	S. Africa	0.39
	World Avg	0.36
q=159.

Year Women Can Vote26
Pos.		Lower is better Year26
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
101	Ghana	1954
102	Nicaragua	1955
103	Ethiopia	1955
104	Peru	1955
105	Eritrea	1955
106	Honduras	1955
107	Cambodia	1955
108	Mali	1956
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchialism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.

The 1950s saw a late rush of 43 countries, including Peru and many developing nations, move to cease preventing women from voting. Peru has made some steps towards ending gender inequality but much more needs to be done.

See:

• "Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

6. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion

Religiosity (2009)27
Pos.		Lower is better %27
1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
53	El Salvador	83
54	Romania	84
55	Honduras	84
56	Peru	84
57	Iraq	84
58	Nicaragua	84
59	S. Africa	85
60	Tajikistan	85
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

Disbelief In God (2007)28
Pos.		Higher is better28
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
80	Ecuador	1
81	S. Africa	1
82	Venezuela	1
83	Peru	1
84	Guatemala	1
85	El Salvador	1
86	Panama	1
87	Somalia	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₂₉:

Christian	95.5%
Muslim	0.1%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.2%
Folk Religion	1%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	3%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Roman Catholic 81.3%, Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9% (2007 Census)₃₀.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?

7. The Internet

#internet #it_security #Peru #the_internet

Internet Users (2016)31
Pos.		Higher is better31
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
118	Cape Verde	43%
119	Suriname	42%
120	Bolivia	41%
121	Peru	41%
122	Guyana	40%
123	Grenada	39%
124	El Salvador	38%
125	Bhutan	37%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IPv6 Uptake (2017)32
Pos.		Higher is better Ratio32
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
11	Japan	22.1
12	France	18.8
13	Canada	18.3
14	Peru	18.3
15	Ecuador	18.2
16	Estonia	17.6
17	Malaysia	16.5
18	Norway	14.7
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

IT Security (2013)33
Pos.		Lower is better33
1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
	...
11	Czechia	0.24
12	Argentina	0.27
13	Hungary	0.27
14	Peru	0.30
15	Latvia	0.33
16	Pakistan	0.38
17	Taiwan	0.44
18	Sweden	0.44
	World Avg	0.98
q=81.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

8. Public Health Issues

#alcohol #health #mental_health #parenting #Peru #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)25
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100025
1	Korea, N.	0.5
2	Korea, S.	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
105	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	46.6
106	Chile	47.8
107	Solomon Islands	48.4
108	Peru	49.1
109	Indonesia	49.6
110	Colombia	50.2
111	St Vincent & Grenadines	51.0
112	Cambodia	51.6
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Alcohol Consumption (2010)34
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita34
1	Libya	0.1
2	Pakistan	0.1
3	Kuwait	0.1
	...
129	Niue	8.0
130	Panama	8.0
131	Guyana	8.1
132	Peru	8.1
133	St Kitts & Nevis	8.2
134	Botswana	8.4
135	Cameroon	8.4
136	Belize	8.5
	World Avg	6.2
q=191.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)35
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %35
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
120	Montenegro	89.9
121	Zimbabwe	89.7
122	Senegal	89.5
123	Peru	89.3
124	Ireland	89.2
125	Sudan	89.2
126	Honduras	88.8
127	Kenya	88.5
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Smoking Rates (2014)36
Pos.		Lower is better36
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
24	India	111
25	Eritrea	114
26	Haiti	114
27	Peru	116
28	Somalia	117
29	Ghana	121
30	Benin	122
31	Zimbabwe	134
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate (2013)37
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100k37
1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
4	Jordan	0.2
5	Maldives	0.7
6	Azerbaijan	1.3
7	S. Africa	1.8
8	Bahamas	2.5
9	Peru	2.9
10	Kuwait	3.6
11	Armenia	3.9
12	Dominican Rep.	4.6
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries