Madagascar (Republic of Madagascar)

https://www.humantruth.info/madagascar.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

Madagascar Republic of Madagascar
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	153rd best
Capital	Antananarivo
Land Area	581 540km²₁
Location	Africa
Population	26.3m₂
Life Expectancy	64.49yrs (2017)₃
GNI	$1 484 (2017)₄
ISO3166-1 Codes	MG, MDG, 450₅
Internet Domain	.mg₆
Currency	Ariary (MGA)₇
Telephone	+261₈

1. Overview

“Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieved a second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006. In early 2009, protests over increasing restrictions on opposition press and activities resulted in RAVALOMANANA handing over power to the military, which then conferred the presidency on the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA, in what amounted to a coup d'etat. Numerous attempts have been made by regional and international organizations to resolve the subsequent political gridlock by forming a power-sharing government. Madagascar's independent electoral commission and the UN originally planned to hold a presidential election in early May 2013, but postponed the election until late July 2013, due to logistical delays.”
CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Lemurs, baobabs, rainforest, beaches, desert, trekking and diving: Madagascar is a dream destination for nature and outdoor lovers, and half the fun is getting to all these incredible attractions.Madagascar is unique: 5% of all known animal and plant species can be found here, and here alone. The remarkable fauna and flora is matched by epic landscapes of an incredible diversity: you can go from rainforest to desert in just 300km. Few places on earth offer such an intense kaleidoscope of nature.
With 5000km of coastline, 450km of barrier reef and 250 islands, no stay in Madagascar would be complete without a few days on the island´s shores. Divers will revel in the choice of sites, from underwater `cathedrals´ to shipwrecks, and will relish the chance to see rays, whale sharks, reef sharks and many other kinds of sharks. Snorkellers will be awed by the sheer grace of turtles and marvel at the rainbow of colours displayed by corals and fish.
There is much history to discover, too, from the 12 sacred hills of Antananarivo to the pirate cemetery of Ile Sainte Marie and the vestige of Madagascar´s industrial revolution in Mantasoa.”
"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Madagascar National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better Value₁₁
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
170	Senegal	0.511
171	Djibouti	0.509
172	Sudan	0.508
173	Madagascar	0.501
174	Gambia	0.500
175	Ethiopia	0.498
176	Eritrea	0.492
177	Guinea-Bissau	0.483
	Africa Avg	0.56
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $₁₁
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
179	Afghanistan	$1 824
180	Eritrea	$1 729
181	Sierra Leone	$1 622
182	Madagascar	$1 484
183	Malawi	$1 466
184	Chad	$1 364
185	Yemen	$1 314
186	Liberia	$1 289
	Africa Avg	$5 339
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index₁₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₂
1	Denmark	27.4
2	Norway	27.6
3	Sweden	30.4
	...
150	Turkmenistan	115.4
151	Tanzania	116.8
152	Cambodia	117.4
153	Madagascar	117.5
154	Gabon	117.6
155	Solomon Islands	118.1
156	Pakistan	118.4
157	Nigeria	118.6
	Africa Avg	119.0
	World Avg	89.7
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Madagascar's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #fertility #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population #yemen

Population:

Madagascar's population is predicted to rise to 35.33 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 3.79. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population will grow, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity - the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate (two new children for each set of parents who die), which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1. The highest fertility rate ever detected in a single year was in Yemen in 1985, at 8.86.₁₃

Population₂
Pos.		2018 Population₂
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
48	Venezuela	28.9m
49	Yemen	28.5m
50	Nepal	28.1m
51	Madagascar	26.3m
52	N. Korea	25.5m
53	Cameroon	25.2m
54	Ivory Coast	25.1m
55	Australia	24.9m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
154	Mauritania	64.4
155	Ghana	63.8
156	Yemen	63.8
157	Bolivia	63.6
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best₁₄
Pos.		2022₁₄
1	US Virgin Islands	2.00
2	Ecuador	2.00
3	Nepal	2.01
	...
170	Rwanda	3.75
171	Sao Tome & Principe	3.75
172	Eritrea	3.79
173	Madagascar	3.79
174	Malawi	3.85
175	Samoa	3.88
176	Sierra Leone	3.88
177	Comoros	3.91
	World Avg	2.47
q=208.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio Lower is better₁₅
Pos.		2016 Per 100₁₅
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3=	Chad	04.7
	...
33	Sao Tome & Principe	06.2
34	Comoros	06.3
35=	Mozambique	06.4
35=	Madagascar	06.4
35=	Papua New Guinea	06.4
38	Ghana	06.5
39=	Palestine	06.5
40	Ethiopia	06.6
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants₁₆
Pos.		2017 %₁₆
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
188	N. Korea	0.2%
189	Sri Lanka	0.2%
190	Myanmar (Burma)	0.1%
191	Madagascar	0.1%
192	Indonesia	0.1%
193	Cuba	0.1%
194	Vietnam	0.1%
195	China	0.1%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants₁₇
Pos.		2010 %₁₇
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
185	Qatar	0.7%
186	Nigeria	0.6%
187	Maldives	0.6%
188	China	0.6%
189	Japan	0.6%
190	Oman	0.5%
191	Madagascar	0.4%
192	Montenegro	0.0%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Madagascar's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #freethought #gender_equality #homosexuality #human_rights #international_law #madagascar #mass_media #morals #politics #prejudice #religious_tolerance #slavery #tolerance #women

Compared to Africa (2025)₁₈
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₈
1	S. Africa	55.8
2	Seychelles	64.8
3	Cape Verde	66.8
	...
18	Sierra Leone	100.2
19	Niger	100.6
20	Ivory Coast	101.3
21	Madagascar	101.4
22	Gabon	101.9
23=	Morocco	105.0
23=	S. Sudan	105.0
25	Nigeria	108.3
26	Zambia	108.7
	Africa Avg	110.0
q=54.

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2025)₁₈
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₈
1	Sweden	8.5
2	Denmark	13.5
3	Norway	13.5
	...
120	Niger	100.6
121	Lebanon	100.6
122	Ivory Coast	101.3
123	Madagascar	101.4
124	Gabon	101.9
125	Kazakhstan	102.8
126	Jordan	104.4
127=	S. Sudan	105.0
	World Avg	87.8
q=200.

The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Denmark and Norway₁₉. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are Somalia, The Vatican City and Sudan₁₉.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are statistics on supporting press freedom, eliminating modern slavery, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, its average Freedom in the World rating, commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe₁₉, whereas the worst are Melanesia, The Middle East and Micronesia₁₉.

For more, see:

" Which are the Best Countries for Human Rights, Equality and Tolerance?" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

Human Rights & Tolerance:

Press Freedom Lower is better₂₀
Pos.		2013₂₀
1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
	...
84	Kosovo	2847
85	Guinea	2849
86	Bulgaria	2858
87	Madagascar	2862
88	Gabon	2869
89	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	2872
90	Paraguay	2878
91	Guinea-Bissau	2894
	Africa Avg	3511
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

Slavery Lower is better₂₁
Pos.		2018 % Victims₂₁
1	Japan	0.03
2=	Canada	0.05
2=	Taiwan	0.05
	...
130	Syria	0.73
131	Liberia	0.74
132=	Guinea-Bissau	0.75
132=	Madagascar	0.75
132=	Malawi	0.75
135	Uganda	0.76
136=	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	0.77
136=	Philippines	0.77
	Africa Avg	0.96
	World Avg	0.65
q=167.

Madagascar practices conscription, which involves a mandatory period of service in the military. But the Walk Free Foundation reports that this sometimes becomes slave labour as some 'concscripts' are assigned to lengthy and arduous work which is clearly non-military in nature₂₂ such as public infrastructure and civil construction work.

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom Lower is better₂₃
Pos.		2014 Rank₂₃
1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
	...
62=	Fiji	61
63	Dominican Rep.	63
64	Cambodia	64
65	Madagascar	65
66	Brunei	66
67	Serbia	67
68	Guatemala	68
69=	Moldova	69
	Africa Avg	114.2
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

Freedom in the World Lower is better
Pos.		2024 Score
1=	Norway	1.0
1=	Canada	1.0
1=	Cape Verde	1.0
	...
117	Bosnia & Herzegovina	4.0
118=	Armenia	4.0
118=	Singapore	4.0
118=	Madagascar	4.0
118=	Malaysia	4.0
118=	Ukraine	4.0
123	El Salvador	4.5
124=	Comoros	4.5
	Africa Avg	4.8
	World Avg	3.7
q=205.

Nominal Commitment to HR Higher is better₂₄
Pos.		2009 Treaties₂₄
1	Argentina	24
2=	Chile	23
2=	Costa Rica	23
	...
117	China	14
118=	Mauritius	14
118=	Botswana	14
118=	Madagascar	14
118=	Syria	14
118=	Sudan	14
118=	Cameroon	14
118=	Uzbekistan	14
	Africa Avg	14.8
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

HR Treaties Lag Lower is better₂₅
Pos.		2019 Avg Yrs/Treaty₂₅
1	Ecuador	2.15
2	Uruguay	2.25
3	Tunisia	3.65
	...
58	Congo, DR	7.72
59	Seychelles	7.73
60	Jordan	7.75
61	Madagascar	7.75
62	Cuba	7.80
63	Guyana	7.85
64	Tanzania	8.05
65	Nicaragua	8.10
	Africa Avg	9.88
	World Avg	10.02
q=195.

Amnesty International's 2023-23 summary on human rights in Madagascar stated:

“Detention facilities were overcrowded and conditions poor. The right to freedom of expression was restricted. The judicial persecution of human rights defenders, activists and whistle-blowers persisted and an environmental defender was murdered. Cases of discrimination and violence against people with albinism increased. Abortion remained a criminal offence.”
"The State of the World's Human Rights 2022/23" by Amnesty International (2023)₂₆

Gender Equality:

The 1950s saw a late rush of 43 countries, including Madagascar and many developing nations, move to cease preventing women from voting.

See:

"Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree

Year Women Can Vote Lower is better
Pos.		Total Year
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
119=	Nigeria	1958
119=	Burkina Faso	1958
119=	Guinea	1958
122	Madagascar	1959
123=	Tunisia	1959
123=	Tanzania	1959
125	Tonga	1960
126=	Cyprus	1960
	Africa Avg	1961
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Prejudice:

LGBT Equality Higher is better₂₇
Pos.		2017 Score₂₇
1	Netherlands	103
2	Belgium	90
3	Sweden	86
	...
113=	N. Korea	8
114	Rwanda	7
115=	Congo, (Brazzaville)	5
115=	Madagascar	5
115=	Chad	5
118	Indonesia	1
119=	Ivory Coast	1
119=	Russia	1
	Africa Avg	-10.4
	World Avg	12.6
q=196.

Freedom of Thought Lower is better₂₈
Pos.		2021₂₈
1=	Belgium	1.0
1=	Netherlands	1.0
1=	Taiwan	1.0
	...
111	Malawi	3.3
112=	Ethiopia	3.3
112=	Paraguay	3.3
112=	Madagascar	3.3
112=	Italy	3.3
112=	Macedonia	3.3
112=	Armenia	3.3
112=	Philippines	3.3
	Africa Avg	3.1
	World Avg	3.0
q=196.

5. Madagascar's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #madagascar #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Compared to Africa (2020)₂₉
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₉
1	Morocco	67.9
2	Tunisia	74.4
3	Mauritius	74.6
	...
28=	Mauritania	112.6
29	Sierra Leone	113.0
30	Zimbabwe	114.0
31	Madagascar	114.1
32	Benin	115.5
33=	Liberia	115.8
33=	Uganda	115.8
35	Niger	116.6
36	Somalia	117.0
	Africa Avg	111.1
q=54.

Health (2020)₂₉
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₉
1	Monaco	13.0
2	Maldives	41.7
3	Sri Lanka	43.1
	...
163=	Sierra Leone	113.0
164	Philippines	113.4
165	Zimbabwe	114.0
166	Madagascar	114.1
167	Benin	115.5
168=	Belarus	115.8
168=	Liberia	115.8
168=	Uganda	115.8
	World Avg	95.1
q=198.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, The Maldives and Sri Lanka₃₀. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are S. Sudan, The Marshall Islands and Nigeria₃₀.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean₃₀, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Africa and Australasia₃₀.

For more, see:

"Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Health:

Madagascar is a pretty unhealthy country. Madagascar does better than average when it comes to its alcohol consumption rate₃₁ and in its smoking rate₃₂. When it comes to most other metrics, Madagascar does not do well. It does worse than average for its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance₃₃, its average life expectancy₁₁ (still high for Africa) and in its fertility rate₁₄. And finally, it sits amongst the bottom 20 in its adolescent birth rate₃₄ and in its immunizations take-up₃₅. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% over the past 40 years. Life expectancy in Madagascar in 1990 was 51.7yrs, lower than the global average of 64.6. It improved by +14.2yrs in the 30 years from then, almost double the global average of +7.9yrs. Madagascar's peak fertility rate was 7.31 in 1965.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
154	Mauritania	64.4
155	Ghana	63.8
156	Yemen	63.8
157	Bolivia	63.6
	Africa Avg	62.79
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Alcohol Consumption Lower is better₃₁
Pos.		2016 Per Capita₃₁
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
36=	Lebanon	1.5
37	Chad	1.6
38	Tuvalu	1.7
39=	Madagascar	1.9
39=	Tunisia	1.9
39=	Bahrain	1.9
42	Qatar	2.0
43=	Nepal	2.0
	Africa Avg	4.8
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best₁₄
Pos.		2022₁₄
1	US Virgin Islands	2.00
2	Ecuador	2.00
3	Nepal	2.01
	...
170	Rwanda	3.75
171	Sao Tome & Principe	3.75
172	Eritrea	3.79
173	Madagascar	3.79
174	Malawi	3.85
175	Samoa	3.88
176	Sierra Leone	3.88
177	Comoros	3.91
	Africa Avg	3.97
	World Avg	2.47
q=208.

Smoking Rates Lower is better₃₂
Pos.		2014₃₂
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
42	Guatemala	190
43	Ecuador	191
44	Myanmar (Burma)	206
45	Madagascar	206
46	Burkina Faso	213
47	Maldives	215
48	Panama	224
49	Grenada	224
	Africa Avg	340
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance Lower is better₃₃
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₃
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
133	Grenada	133
134	Montenegro	134
135	Iraq	135
136	Madagascar	136
137	Congo, (Brazzaville)	137
138	Albania	138
139	Ghana	139
140	Chad	140
	Africa Avg	117.0
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Overweight Adults Lower is better₃₆
Pos.		2016 %₃₆
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
	...
14	Burkina Faso	23.2
15	Sri Lanka	23.3
16	Malawi	23.4
17	Madagascar	23.9
18	Myanmar (Burma)	24.8
19	Rwanda	25.1
20	Congo, DR	25.3
21	Laos	25.4
	Africa Avg	33.3
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better₃₄
Pos.		2015 Per 1000₃₄
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
170	Nigeria	110.6
171	Uganda	111.9
172	Gambia	113.0
173	Madagascar	116.2
174	Congo, (Brazzaville)	117.7
175	Sierra Leone	118.2
176	Tanzania	118.6
177	Congo, DR	122.6
	Africa Avg	87.5
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 Higher is better₃₅
Pos.		2015 Avg %₃₅
1=	Hungary	99.0
1=	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
174	Liberia	72.6
175	S. Africa	72.5
176=	Angola	71.9
176=	Madagascar	71.9
178	Iraq	70.7
179	Afghanistan	70.6
180	Niger	69.7
181	Samoa	68.1
	Africa Avg	81.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

6. Madagascar's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #food #madagascar #meat #over-exploitation #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism

Compared to Africa (2023)₃₇
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₇
1	Seychelles	55.3
2	Kenya	57.4
3=	Zambia	57.6
	...
21	Sudan	83.5
22=	Tanzania	83.5
23	Benin	85.8
24	Madagascar	86.0
25=	Sierra Leone	87.0
25=	Malawi	87.0
27	Algeria	87.8
28	Equatorial Guinea	88.0
29	Senegal	88.5
	Africa Avg	90.1
q=53.

Responsibility Towards The Environment (2023)₃₇
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₇
1	Japan	33.2
2	Philippines	45.0
3	Uruguay	48.0
	...
99	Panama	85.3
100	Slovenia	85.5
101	Benin	85.8
102	Madagascar	86.0
103	St Lucia	86.3
104	St Kitts & Nevis	86.5
105=	Sierra Leone	87.0
105=	Malawi	87.0
	World Avg	85.7
q=188.

Madagascar is 102nd in the world regarding its responsibility towards the environment. This rank is derived from 5 data sets. Madagascar comes in the best 20 when it comes to reducing annual meat consumption per person₃₈ (one of the best in Africa). It does better than average in terms of the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population₃₉ (one of the highest in Africa). Madagascar does worse than average in how quickly it ratified the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity and in its forested percent change 2000-2020₄₀. And finally, it falls into the worst-performing 20 in its environmental performance₄₁ (one of the lowest in Africa).

Forest Area Change 2000-2020 Higher is better₄₀
Pos.		Total₄₀
1	Guernsey	82.6%
2	Bahrain	75.2%
3	Iceland	64.7%
	...
167	Peru	-4.0%
168	S. Africa	-4.1%
169	Brunei	-4.3%
170	Madagascar	-4.6%
171	Togo	-4.7%
172	Zambia	-4.8%
173	Laos	-4.8%
174	Zimbabwe	-5.1%
	Africa Avg	-8.7%
	World Avg	-0.1%
q=234.

Environmental Performance Higher is better₄₁
Pos.		2018₄₁
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
	...
172	Niger	35.7
173	Lesotho	33.8
174	Haiti	33.7
175	Madagascar	33.7
176	Nepal	31.4
177	India	30.6
178	Congo, DR	30.4
179	Bangladesh	29.6
	Africa Avg	46.4
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

Convention on Biological Diversity Earlier is better
Pos.		Total Signed
1=	China	1993 Dec 29
1=	Guinea	1993 Dec 29
1=	Cook Islands	1993 Dec 29
	...
141	Lithuania	1996 May 01
142	Yemen	1996 May 21
143	Niue	1996 May 28
144	Madagascar	1996 Jun 02
145	Tanzania	1996 Jun 06
146	Eritrea	1996 Jun 19
147	Ireland	1996 Jun 20
148	Bulgaria	1996 Jul 16
	Africa Avg	1899 Dec 30
	World Avg	1899 Dec 30
q=197.

Rational Beliefs on the Environment Higher is better₃₉
Pos.		2011 %₃₉
1	Argentina	78.3%
2	Greece	77.6%
3	Brazil	77.1%
	...
19	Peru	63.9%
20	Chile	63.8%
21	Ivory Coast	63.7%
22	Madagascar	62.8%
23	Uruguay	62.4%
24	Angola	62.4%
25	Bangladesh	61.5%
26	Mali	60.7%
	Africa Avg	38.3%
	World Avg	39.9%
q=145.

Meat Consumption Lower is better₃₈
Pos.		2021 kg₃₈
1	Congo, DR	03.0
2	Burundi	03.5
3	Bangladesh	04.3
4	Madagascar	05.4
5	India	05.7
6	Nigeria	07.0
7	Ethiopia	07.1
8	Rwanda	07.6
9	Mali	07.8
10	Niger	08.1
11	Afghanistan	08.7
12	Uganda	09.4
	Africa Avg	24.9
	World Avg	52.5
q=185.

In the 2010s, Madagascar had the 5th-lowest meat consumption per person in the world.₃₈

7. Madagascar's Modernity and Learning

#education #intelligence #modernity #research #science #technology #the_internet

Compared to Africa (2020)₄₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₄₂
1	S. Africa	54.1
2	Egypt	71.3
3	Tunisia	74.3
	...
40	Lesotho	137.2
41	Congo, (Brazzaville)	137.4
42	Burundi	139.0
43	Madagascar	142.5
44	Gambia	144.0
45	Central African Rep.	146.3
46	Equatorial Guinea	149.3
47	Chad	150.6
48	Niger	151.0
	Africa Avg	120.2
q=53.

Modernity & Learning (2020)₄₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₄₂
1	Finland	7.7
2	Taiwan	10.0
3	Switzerland	14.7
	...
187	Congo, (Brazzaville)	137.4
188	Cambodia	138.7
189	Burundi	139.0
190	Madagascar	142.5
191	Kiribati	143.0
192	Gambia	144.0
193	Central African Rep.	146.3
194	Tuvalu	148.0
	World Avg	82.7
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Research & Development Higher is better
Pos.		2016 % RDP PPP
1	S. Korea	4.29₄₃
2	Israel	4.11₄₃
3	Japan	3.58₄₃
	...
104=	Gambia	0.13₄₄
105	Tajikistan	0.12₄₅
106=	Burundi	0.12₄₄
107	Madagascar	0.11₄₄
108=	Philippines	0.11₄₆
108=	Myanmar (Burma)	0.11₄₇
110	Peru	0.10₄₈
111	Paraguay	0.09₄₉
	Africa Avg	0.36
	World Avg	0.84
q=126.

Length of Schooling Higher is better₅₀
Pos.		2021 Years₅₀
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
165	Mozambique	10.2
166	Uganda	10.1
167	Laos	10.1
168	Madagascar	10.1
169	Honduras	10.1
170	Nigeria	10.1
171	Congo, DR	9.8
172	Guinea	9.8
	Africa Avg	11.0
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

Intellectual Endeavours Lower is better₃₃
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₃
1	Ukraine	1
2	Czechia	2
3	Hungary	3
	...
103	Cape Verde	103
104	Swaziland	104
105	Albania	105
106	Madagascar	106
107	Thailand	107
108	Yemen	108
109	Brazil	109
110	Nicaragua	110
	Africa Avg	106.4
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

IQ Higher is better₅₁
Pos.		2006₅₁
1=	Hong Kong	108
1=	Singapore	108
3	S. Korea	106
	...
93=	Bangladesh	82
93=	Lebanon	82
93=	Dominican Rep.	82
93=	Madagascar	82
97	Egypt	81
98=	Honduras	81
98=	Nicaragua	81
100	El Salvador	80
	Africa Avg	70.6
	World Avg	85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users Higher is better₅₂
Pos.		2016₅₂
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
186	Benin	6%
187	Tanzania	5%
188	Central African Rep.	5%
189	Madagascar	4%
190	Ethiopia	4%
191	Congo, DR	4%
192	Guinea-Bissau	4%
193	Chad	3%
	Africa Avg	18.4%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

8. National Culture

#corruption #happiness #politics

Madagascar has a consistently awful long-term record on corruption.

Corruption Higher is better₅₃
Pos.		2022 Points₅₃
1	Denmark	90.0
2=	Finland	87.0
2=	New Zealand	87.0
	...
141	Kyrgyzstan	27.0
142	Liberia	26.0
143=	Mozambique	26.0
143=	Madagascar	26.0
143=	Cameroon	26.0
143=	Uganda	26.0
147	Guinea	25.0
148=	Bangladesh	25.0
	Africa Avg	32.31
	World Avg	42.98
q=180.

Happiness Higher is better₅₄
Pos.		2018 Score₅₄
1	Finland	7.6
2	Norway	7.6
3	Denmark	7.6
	...
140	Guinea	4.0
141	Lesotho	3.8
142	Angola	3.8
143	Madagascar	3.8
144	Zimbabwe	3.7
145	Afghanistan	3.6
146	Botswana	3.6
147	Malawi	3.6
	Africa Avg	4.29
	World Avg	5.38
q=156.

Creativity & Culture Lower is better₃₃
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₃
1	Belgium	1
2	Netherlands	2
3	Estonia	3
	...
94	Papua New Guinea	94
95	Belarus	95
96	Mongolia	96
97	Madagascar	97
98	Bolivia	98
99	El Salvador	99
100	Nicaragua	100
101	Russia	101
	Africa Avg	117.8
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Open Trading, Aid & Development Lower is better₃₃
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₃
1	Ireland	1
2	Denmark	2
3	Sweden	3
	...
100	Argentina	100
101	Seychelles	101
102	Australia	102
103	Madagascar	103
104	Dominica	104
105	Iceland	105
106	Bolivia	106
107	Ghana	107
	Africa Avg	96.7
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

9. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index Lower is better₅₅
Pos.		2023 Score₅₅
1	Iceland	1.12
2	Denmark	1.31
3	Ireland	1.31
	...
52	Senegal	1.83
53	Indonesia	1.83
54	Argentina	1.84
55	Madagascar	1.85
56	Namibia	1.86
57	Moldova	1.87
58	Chile	1.87
59	Gambia	1.89
	Africa Avg	2.29
	World Avg	2.07
q=163.

Peacekeeping & Security Lower is better₃₃
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₃
1	Samoa	1
2	S. Africa	2
3	Tunisia	3
	...
22	Algeria	22
23	Guatemala	23
24	Ecuador	24
25	Madagascar	25
26	Sri Lanka	26
27	Netherlands	27
28	Mongolia	28
29	Rwanda	29
	Africa Avg	83.6
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Refugees & UN Treaties Lower is better₃₃
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₃
1	Austria	1
2	Germany	2
3	Netherlands	3
	...
123	Guinea	123
124	Congo, (Brazzaville)	124
125	Swaziland	125
126	Madagascar	126
127	Benin	127
128	Yemen	128
129	Pakistan	129
130	Samoa	130
	Africa Avg	104.5
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Impact of Terrorism Lower is better₅₆
Pos.		2019 Score₅₆
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
	...
66	Kazakhstan	1.57
67	Austria	1.66
68	Argentina	1.68
69	Madagascar	1.96
70	Finland	2.03
71	Haiti	2.18
72	Kosovo	2.26
73	Japan	2.29
	Africa Avg	3.41
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy Lower is better₅₇
Pos.		2019₅₇
1	Iceland	2.40
2=	Singapore	2.50
2=	Hong Kong	2.50
	...
129	Botswana	19.40
130	Rwanda	19.50
131	India	19.70
132	Madagascar	21.10
133	Senegal	21.20
134	Eritrea	21.40
135	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	21.70
136	Namibia	22.10
	Africa Avg	26.10
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) Lower is better₅₈
Pos.		2023 %₅₈
1	Slovakia	24.1%₅₉
2	Slovenia	24.3%₅₉
3	Belarus	24.4%₆₀
	...
131	Papua New Guinea	41.9%₆₁
132	Cameroon	42.2%₅₉
133	Cape Verde	42.4%₆₂
134	Madagascar	42.6%₆₃
135	Uganda	42.7%₆₄
136=	Central African Rep.	43.0%₅₉
136=	Chile	43.0%₆₅
138	Ghana	43.5%₆₆
	Africa Avg	40.7%
	World Avg	36.5%
q=167.

Income inequality data is rarely available for Madagascar - only for 8 years between 1980 and 2019.

Multidimensional Poverty Lower is better₆₇
Pos.		2018 Severity₆₇
1	Armenia	.001
2	Ukraine	.001
3	Serbia	.001
	...
91	Congo, DR	.389
92	Burundi	.403
93	Mozambique	.411
94	Madagascar	.453
95	Mali	.457
96	Central African Rep.	.465
97	Ethiopia	.489
98	Burkina Faso	.519
	Africa Avg	.264
	World Avg	.154
q=101.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion

Disbelief In God (2007)₆₈
Pos.		Higher is better %₆₈
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
122=	Niger	0
122=	Saudi Arabia	0
122=	Rwanda	0
122=	Cameroon	0
122=	Philippines	0
122=	Kuwait	0
122=	Madagascar	0
122=	Nigeria	0
122=	Malawi	0
122=	Chad	0
122=	Nepal	0
122=	Morocco	0
122=	Mauritania	0
122=	Mali	0
122=	Senegal	0
122=	Oman	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₆₉:

Christian	85.3%
Muslim	3%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	4.5%
Jewish	0.1%
Unaffiliated	6.9%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%₇₀.

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