Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)

Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	167th best
Capital	Addis Ababa
Land Area	1 000 000km21
Location	Africa
Population	109.2m2
Life Expectancy	64.97yrs (2017)3
GNI	$2 361 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	ET, ETH, 2315
Internet Domain	.et6
Currency	Birr (ETB)7
Telephone	+2518

1. Overview
2. Ethiopia National and Social Development
3. Ethiopia's Demographics and Migration
4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance
5. Ethiopia's Health
6. Ethiopia's Responsibility Towards The Environment
7. Ethiopia's Modernity and Learning
8. National Culture
9. Peace Versus Instability
10. Economic Inequality and Poverty
11. Religion and Beliefs
12. Links

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1. Overview

#animism #christianity #egypt #eritrea #italy

“Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission (EEBC) issued specific coordinates as virtually demarcating the border and pronounced its work finished. Alleging that the EEBC acted beyond its mandate in issuing the coordinates, Ethiopia has not accepted them and has not withdrawn troops from previously contested areas pronounced by the EEBC as belonging to Eritrea.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“In Ethiopia you´d be hard-pressed to find a better combination of nature and culture. The best part: there´ll be no crowds to hinder the experience. Ethiopia´s landscape impresses in both scale and beauty. Travellers will be thrilled by the amazing backdrop of canyons, chasms, lakes, savannah plains and high plateaus, not to mention the mesmerisingly desolate Danakil Depression, peppered with an astonishing 25% of Africa´s active volcanoes.

Ethiopia is one of the few African countries to have escaped European colonialism, so it has also retained much of its cultural identity. A highlight of any trip to the Horn is witnessing some of the many ceremonies and festivals that are an integral part of traditional culture in the region. They may be Christian, Islamic or animist festivals, or village events, such as a wedding, a rite-of-passage celebration or a local market day.

Its wide-ranging and fertile highlands are laden with historical treasures ranging from ancient Aksumite tombs and obelisks to 17th-century castles. It´s not dubbed the Cradle of Humanity for nothing: archaeologically speaking, Ethiopia is to sub-Saharan Africa what Egypt is to North Africa.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Ethiopia National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better Value11
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
172	Sudan	0.508
173	Madagascar	0.501
174	Gambia	0.500
175	Ethiopia	0.498
176	Eritrea	0.492
177	Guinea-Bissau	0.483
178	Liberia	0.481
179	Congo, DR	0.479
	Africa Avg	0.56
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $11
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
168	Tanzania	$2 664
169	Solomon Islands	$2 482
170	Guinea	$2 481
171	Ethiopia	$2 361
172	Rwanda	$2 210
173	Uganda	$2 181
174	Gambia	$2 172
175	Togo	$2 167
	Africa Avg	$5 339
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank12
1	Denmark	25.7
2	Norway	26.2
3	Sweden	28.6
	...
164	Nigeria	122.2
165	Malawi	122.6
166	Sierra Leone	123.3
167	Ethiopia	123.8
168	Mali	124.0
169	Papua New Guinea	124.2
170	Swaziland	124.4
171	Haiti	124.6
	Africa Avg	119.0
	World Avg	89.8
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Ethiopia's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #fertility #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population #yemen

Population:

Ethiopia's population is predicted to rise to 118.51 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 4.06. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population will grow, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity - the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate (two new children for each set of parents who die), which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1. The highest fertility rate ever detected in a single year was in Yemen in 1985, at 8.86.₁₃

Population2
Pos.		2018 Population2
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
9	Russia	145.7m
10	Japan	127.2m
11	Mexico	126.2m
12	Ethiopia	109.2m
13	Philippines	106.7m
14	Egypt	98.4m
15	Vietnam	95.5m
16	Congo, DR	84.1m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
148	Papua New Guinea	65.4
149	Marshall Islands	65.3
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
154	Mauritania	64.4
155	Ghana	63.8
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best14
Pos.		202214
1	US Virgin Islands	2.00
2	Ecuador	2.00
3	Nepal	2.01
	...
178=	Solomon Islands	3.93
178=	Guinea-Bissau	3.93
180	Liberia	4.02
181	Ethiopia	4.06
182	Congo, (Brazzaville)	4.10
183	Equatorial Guinea	4.17
184	Togo	4.20
185	Zambia	4.24
	World Avg	2.47
q=208.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio Lower is better15
Pos.		2016 Per 10015
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3=	Chad	04.7
	...
37	Papua New Guinea	06.4
38	Ghana	06.5
39=	Palestine	06.5
40	Ethiopia	06.6
41=	Swaziland	06.6
42	Central African Rep.	06.8
43=	Sudan	06.8
43=	Mauritania	06.8
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

• The Population of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

Migration:

Immigrants16
Pos.		2017 %16
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
148	Sierra Leone	1.3%
149	Guinea-Bissau	1.3%
150	Vanuatu	1.2%
151	Ethiopia	1.2%
152	Sao Tome & Principe	1.1%
153	Congo, DR	1.1%
154	Bosnia & Herzegovina	1.1%
155	Guinea	1.0%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants17
Pos.		2010 %17
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
178	Papua New Guinea	0.9%
179	USA	0.8%
180	Namibia	0.7%
181	Ethiopia	0.7%
182	Tanzania	0.7%
183	Brazil	0.7%
184	Saudi Arabia	0.7%
185	Qatar	0.7%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #ethiopia #ethiopia_women #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance #women

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2025)18
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank18
1	Sweden	6.4
2	Denmark	8.6
3	Norway	9.1
	...
171	Congo, (Brazzaville)	129.8
172	Libya	130.0
173	Zimbabwe	130.4
174	Ethiopia	130.8
175	Central African Rep.	132.6
176	Pakistan	133.7
	Africa Avg	110.0
	World Avg	86.5
q=199.

Ethiopia is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Ethiopia does worse than average in terms of commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₁₉, freethought₂₀, eliminating modern slavery₂₁, opposing gender inequality₂₂ (still low for Africa), supporting press freedom₂₃, its nominal commitment to Human Rights₂₄, LGBT equality₂₅ and in its average Freedom in the World rating. And finally, it falls into the worst 20 in the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators)₂₆ and in supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₂₇. There are severe restrictions on independent media, political life and civil society, with "arbitrary detention of those who do not actively support the government"₂₈. In 2017, security forces killed over 1000 protesters and detailed "tens of thousands more"₂₈.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

• Human Rights and Freedom in Ethiopia

5. Ethiopia's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #ethiopia #health #life_expectancy #longevity #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Compared to Africa (2025)29
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank29
1	Tunisia	69.2
2	Mauritius	69.2
3	Seychelles	84.8
	...
34	Benin	151.0
35	Cameroon	151.5
36	Congo, DR	151.7
37	Ethiopia	151.7
38	Sierra Leone	153.1
39	Liberia	153.5
40	Malawi	154.3
41	Central African Rep.	155.4
42	Mozambique	155.8
	Africa Avg	111.1
q=54.

Health (2025)29
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank29
1	Monaco	14.3
2	Liechtenstein	30.1
3	Isle of Man	32.1
	...
190	Benin	151.0
191	Cameroon	151.5
192	Congo, DR	151.7
193	Ethiopia	151.7
194	Sierra Leone	153.1
195	Liberia	153.5
196	Malawi	154.3
197	Afghanistan	155.0
	World Avg	96.7
q=212.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Liechtenstein and The Isle of Man₃₀. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are S. Sudan, Angola and Nigeria₃₀.

21 datasets are used to calculate points for each country, including multiple decades of data on its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Europe and The Balkans₃₀, whereas the worst are Africa, Micronesia and Melanesia₃₀.

For more, see:

• "Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Health:

Ethiopia is a pretty unhealthy country. Ethiopia comes in the best 20 in terms of its smoking rate₃₁. It does better than average when it comes to its alcohol consumption rate₃₂. But unfortunately Ethiopia gets most other things wrong. It does worse than average in its average life expectancy₁₁ (still high for Africa), its adolescent birth rate₃₃ (still low for Africa), its immunizations take-up₃₄ and in its fertility rate₁₄. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% between 1976 and 2016. Life expectancy in Ethiopia in 1990 was the eight lowest in the world, at 44.6yrs. But it improved greatly, by +21.3yrs, in the 30 years from then, well over double the global average improvement of +7.9yrs. Ethiopia's peak fertility rate was 7.4 in 1984.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
148	Papua New Guinea	65.4
149	Marshall Islands	65.3
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
154	Mauritania	64.4
155	Ghana	63.8
	Africa Avg	62.79
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Alcohol Consumption Lower is better32
Pos.		2016 Per Capita32
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
52=	Uzbekistan	2.7
52=	Ghana	2.7
52=	Maldives	2.7
55	Ethiopia	2.9
56=	Fiji	3.0
56=	Benin	3.0
58	Togo	3.1
59=	Central African Rep.	3.3
	Africa Avg	4.8
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best14
Pos.		202214
1	US Virgin Islands	2.00
2	Ecuador	2.00
3	Nepal	2.01
	...
178=	Solomon Islands	3.93
178=	Guinea-Bissau	3.93
180	Liberia	4.02
181	Ethiopia	4.06
182	Congo, (Brazzaville)	4.10
183	Equatorial Guinea	4.17
184	Togo	4.20
185	Zambia	4.24
	Africa Avg	3.97
	World Avg	2.47
q=208.

Smoking Rates Lower is better31
Pos.		201431
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
4	Uganda	41
5	Rwanda	53
6	Samoa	54
7	Congo, DR	74
8	Ethiopia	76
9	Vanuatu	76
10	Guyana	77
11	Suriname	79
12	Malawi	80
	Africa Avg	340
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Overweight Adults Lower is better35
Pos.		2016 %35
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
4	Ethiopia	20.9
5	Nepal	21.0
6	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	21.6
7	Cambodia	21.7
8=	Niger	22.0
8=	Eritrea	22.0
10	Burundi	22.2
11	Uganda	22.4
12	Afghanistan	23.0
	Africa Avg	33.3
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better33
Pos.		2022 Per 100033
1	Hong Kong	1.6
2	Denmark	1.8
3	S. Korea	2.1
	...
150	Eritrea	63.6
151	Senegal	64.6
152	Guyana	64.6
153	Ethiopia	66.5
154	Swaziland	68.4
155	Panama	68.5
156	Paraguay	69.9
157	Nauru	71.1
	Africa Avg	84.6
	World Avg	43.8
q=195.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 Higher is better34
Pos.		2015 Avg %34
1=	Hungary	99.0
1=	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
169	Indonesia	76.4
170	Mali	76.0
171	India	75.1
172	Ethiopia	73.9
173	Pakistan	73.0
174	Liberia	72.6
175	S. Africa	72.5
176=	Angola	71.9
	Africa Avg	81.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Ethiopia was amongst 49 countries in the 1990s who had an adolescent birth rate of over 100 (per 1000 girls aged 15-19); in the 2000s it was still amongst only 37 countries that fell into the same grouping. After that, its situation changed radically and it attained the highest rate of improvements in the world heading into the 2010s.

6. Ethiopia's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #energy #ethiopia #food #meat #nigeria #over-exploitation #sustainability #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism #vietnam

Compared to Africa (2023)36
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank36
1	Tunisia	56.1
2	Morocco	58.8
3	Cape Verde	64.3
	...
13	Ghana	86.4
14	Lesotho	86.8
15	Rwanda	91.0
16	Ethiopia	92.4
17	Mauritius	92.8
18=	Nigeria	94.0
19	Uganda	95.0
20=	Guinea	95.3
21	S. Sudan	99.0
	Africa Avg	90.1
q=53.

Responsibility Towards The Environment (2023)36
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank36
1	Uruguay	46.1
2	Cuba	52.0
3	Fiji	53.7
	...
83	Palestine	90.3
84	Rwanda	91.0
85	Mexico	91.5
86	Ethiopia	92.4
87	Dominica	92.7
88	Poland	92.8
89	Mauritius	92.8
90=	Ecuador	92.9
	World Avg	94.3
q=190.

With regard to its responsibility towards the environment, Ethiopia comes 86th in the world. This rank is derived from 6 data sets. Ethiopia comes in the best 20 when it comes to reducing annual meat consumption per person₃₇. It does better than average when it comes to how quickly it ratified the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity. But unfortunately Ethiopia gets most other things wrong. It does worse than average in its environmental performance₃₈ and in its forested percent change 2000-2020₃₉. And finally, it sits amongst the bottom 20 when it comes to its score on the Green Future Index₄₀ and in energy to GDP efficiency₄₁ (amongst the lowest in Africa).

Forest Area Change 2000-2020 Higher is better39
Pos.		Total39
1	Guernsey	82.6%
2	Bahrain	75.2%
3	Iceland	64.7%
	...
186	Bolivia	-7.9%
187	Singapore	-7.9%
188	Guinea-Bissau	-8.0%
189	Ethiopia	-8.0%
190	Israel	-8.4%
191	Haiti	-8.8%
192	Kenya	-8.9%
193	Senegal	-9.1%
	Africa Avg	-8.7%
	World Avg	-0.1%
q=234.

Environmental Performance Higher is better38
Pos.		201838
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
	...
138	Myanmar (Burma)	45.3
139	Ivory Coast	45.3
140	Gabon	45.1
141	Ethiopia	44.8
142	S. Africa	44.7
143	Guinea-Bissau	44.7
144	Vanuatu	44.6
145	Uganda	44.3
	Africa Avg	46.4
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

Energy to GDP Efficiency Higher is better41
Pos.		201441
1	Hong Kong	26.32
2	Sri Lanka	20.00
3	Panama	17.86
	...
111	Bahrain	04.10
112	Ukraine	03.28
113	Togo	02.88
114	Ethiopia	02.81
115	Mozambique	02.47
116	Iceland	02.41
117	Zimbabwe	02.31
118	Trinidad & Tobago	02.07
	Africa Avg	07.42
	World Avg	09.29
q=119.

Convention on Biological Diversity Earlier is better
Pos.		Total Signed
1=	China	1993 Dec 29
1=	Guinea	1993 Dec 29
1=	Cook Islands	1993 Dec 29
	...
51	Cuba	1994 Jun 06
52	Namibia	1997 Aug 14
53	Sri Lanka	1994 Jun 21
54	Ethiopia	1994 Jul 04
55	Dominica	1994 Jul 05
56	Italy	1994 Jul 14
57	Bangladesh	1994 Aug 01
58	Luxembourg	1994 Aug 07
	Africa Avg	1899 Dec 30
	World Avg	1899 Dec 30
q=197.

Meat Consumption Lower is better37
Pos.		2021 kg37
1	Congo, DR	03.0
2	Burundi	03.5
3	Bangladesh	04.3
4	Madagascar	05.4
5	India	05.7
6	Nigeria	07.0
7	Ethiopia	07.1
8	Rwanda	07.6
9	Mali	07.8
10	Niger	08.1
11	Afghanistan	08.7
12	Uganda	09.4
	Africa Avg	24.9
	World Avg	52.5
q=185.

In the 2010s, Ethiopia had the 6th-lowest meat consumption per person in the world.₃₇

Green Future Index Higher is better40
Pos.		2023 Score40
1	Iceland	6.7
2	Finland	6.7
3	Norway	6.4
	...
55	Thailand	4.1
56	Saudi Arabia	4.1
57	Kuwait	4.1
58	Ethiopia	4.0
59	Angola	4.0
60	Egypt	4.0
61	Dominican Rep.	4.0
62	Peru	4.0
	Africa Avg	4.0
	World Avg	4.8
q=76.

Ethiopia has done very little recently to reduce its carbon emissions, according to the 2023 edition of the Green Futures Index. Only Vietnam and Nigeria done worse.₄₂

7. Ethiopia's Modernity and Learning

#education #ethiopia #intelligence #it_security #modernity #politics #religion #religiosity #research #science #secularisation #technology #the_internet

Compared to Africa (2020)43
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank43
1	S. Africa	56.9
2	Tunisia	70.8
3=	Mauritius	79.6
	...
23	Malawi	125.4
24	Togo	125.8
25	Sao Tome & Principe	126.0
26	Ethiopia	128.3
27	Ivory Coast	132.4
28	Senegal	132.6
29	Lesotho	133.7
30	Angola	133.8
31	Congo, (Brazzaville)	135.5
	Africa Avg	120.2
q=53.

Modernity & Learning (2020)43
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank43
1	Finland	7.1
2	Belgium	12.9
3	Denmark	13.6
	...
150	Sao Tome & Principe	126.0
151	Syria	126.9
152	Kiribati	127.3
153	Ethiopia	128.3
154	Honduras	132.2
155	Ivory Coast	132.4
156	Senegal	132.6
157	Micronesia	133.6
	World Avg	86.3
q=190.

Modernity and Education:

Education in Ethiopia declined in the first half of the 1990s, and in 1994 it had a shorter duration of education than any other country; the average person could expect 2.2 years, less than a quarter of the global average. In the 2000s, Ethiopia increased its expected duration of education by almost 4 years, the sixth-highest rise of any country in that decade. ₄₄

Research & Development Higher is better
Pos.		2016 % RDP PPP
1	S. Korea	4.2945
2	Israel	4.1145
3	Japan	3.5845
	...
50	Belarus	0.6746
51	Mali	0.6647
52	Bulgaria	0.6546
53	Ethiopia	0.6146
54	Latvia	0.6046
55=	Gabon	0.5848
55=	Argentina	0.5849
57	Mexico	0.5445
	Africa Avg	0.36
	World Avg	0.84
q=126.

Secondary Education Higher is better50
Pos.		201850
1=	Luxembourg	100.0%
1=	Estonia	100.0%
1=	Austria	100.0%
	...
156	Mauritania	18.8%
157	Senegal	17.6%
158	Sudan	17.5%
159	Ethiopia	17.1%
160	Rwanda	16.3%
161	Tanzania	14.3%
162	Mali	13.1%
163	Papua New Guinea	12.5%
	Africa Avg	34.4%
	World Avg	63.0%
q=169.

Length of Schooling Higher is better51
Pos.		2021 Years51
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
172	Guinea	9.8
173	Equatorial Guinea	9.7
174	Haiti	9.7
175	Ethiopia	9.7
176	Sierra Leone	9.6
177	Gambia	9.4
178	Tuvalu	9.4
179	Mauritania	9.4
	Africa Avg	11.0
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

Religiosity Lower is better52
Pos.		2018 %52
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
	...
99	Afghanistan	92
100=	Burkina Faso	93
100=	Tanzania	93
100=	Indonesia	93
103	Mali	94
104=	Pakistan	94
105	Ethiopia	98
106=	Senegal	98
	Africa Avg	87.0
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

IQ Higher is better53
Pos.		200653
1=	Hong Kong	108
1=	Singapore	108
3	S. Korea	106
	...
131=	Zimbabwe	66
131=	Senegal	66
133	Sierra Leone	64
134=	Mozambique	64
134=	Ethiopia	64
134=	Central African Rep.	64
134=	Congo, (Brazzaville)	64
134=	Cameroon	64
	Africa Avg	70.6
	World Avg	85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users Higher is better54
Pos.		201654
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
187	Tanzania	5%
188	Central African Rep.	5%
189	Madagascar	4%
190	Ethiopia	4%
191	Congo, DR	4%
192	Guinea-Bissau	4%
193	Chad	3%
194	Myanmar (Burma)	3%
	Africa Avg	18.4%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

Freedom On The Internet Lower is better55
Pos.		201255
1	Estonia	10
2	USA	12
3	Germany	15
	...
38=	Bahrain	71
38=	Saudi Arabia	71
40	Vietnam	73
41=	Ethiopia	75
41=	Myanmar (Burma)	75
43	Uzbekistan	77
44	Syria	83
45	China	85
	Africa Avg	45.0
	World Avg	46.7
q=47.

IT Security Lower is better56
Pos.		201356
1=	Ireland	0.11
1=	Luxembourg	0.11
1=	Belize	0.11
	...
33	Cameroon	0.77
34	Burkina Faso	0.79
35	Ivory Coast	0.82
36	Ethiopia	0.84
37	Iran	0.85
38	Laos	0.86
39	Spain	0.88
40	Kuwait	0.93
	Africa Avg	1.07
	World Avg	0.98

Digital Quality of Life Higher is better57
Pos.		202457
1	Germany	77.9%
2	Finland	76.9%
3	France	73.9%
	...
114	Tajikistan	25.9%
115	Zimbabwe	24.9%
116	Mali	24.9%
117	Ethiopia	23.7%
118	Cameroon	23.4%
119	Mozambique	21.4%
120	Congo, DR	18.5%
121	Yemen	14.9%
	Africa Avg	32.3%
	World Avg	48.4%
q=121.

8. National Culture

#charity #corruption #happiness #morals #politics

On the Corruption Index, Ethiopia scored on average 33.2 over the 2012-2016 period. Over the 10 years since then, it improved by 4.8 points.

World Giving Index Higher is better58
Pos.		2022 %58
1	Indonesia	68.0
2	Kenya	61.0
3	USA	59.0
	...
36=	Norway	45.0
36=	Austria	45.0
38	Sri Lanka	44.0
39=	Ethiopia	44.0
39=	Bosnia & Herzegovina	44.0
39=	Paraguay	44.0
39=	Dominican Rep.	44.0
39=	Kyrgyzstan	44.0
	Africa Avg	38.2
	World Avg	39.6
q=125.

Corruption Higher is better59
Pos.		2022 Points59
1	Denmark	90.0
2=	Finland	87.0
2=	New Zealand	87.0
	...
91	Belarus	39.0
92=	Moldova	39.0
92=	Colombia	39.0
94	Ethiopia	38.0
95=	Brazil	38.0
95=	Argentina	38.0
95=	Tanzania	38.0
95=	Morocco	38.0
	Africa Avg	32.31
	World Avg	42.98
q=180.

Happiness Higher is better60
Pos.		2018 Score60
1	Finland	7.6
2	Norway	7.6
3	Denmark	7.6
	...
124	Kenya	4.4
125	Zambia	4.4
126	Mauritania	4.4
127	Ethiopia	4.4
128	Georgia	4.3
129	Armenia	4.3
130	Myanmar (Burma)	4.3
131	Chad	4.3
	Africa Avg	4.29
	World Avg	5.38
q=156.

9. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index Lower is better61
Pos.		2023 Score61
1	Iceland	1.12
2	Denmark	1.31
3	Ireland	1.31
	...
148=	Turkey	2.80
149	N. Korea	2.85
150	Burkina Faso	2.87
151	Ethiopia	2.87
152	Central African Rep.	2.93
153	Mali	2.96
154	Iraq	3.01
155	Sudan	3.02
	Africa Avg	2.29
	World Avg	2.07
q=163.

Impact of Terrorism Lower is better62
Pos.		2019 Score62
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
	...
119	Palestine	5.18
120	Bangladesh	5.21
121	Saudi Arabia	5.24
122	Ethiopia	5.35
123	UK	5.41
124	Burkina Faso	5.42
125	Myanmar (Burma)	5.51
126	Mozambique	5.54
	Africa Avg	3.41
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy Lower is better63
Pos.		201963
1	Iceland	2.40
2=	Singapore	2.50
2=	Hong Kong	2.50
	...
147	Ghana	24.20
148	Kiribati	24.70
149=	Yemen	24.70
150	Ethiopia	24.90
151=	Swaziland	25.10
151=	Malawi	25.10
153	Tanzania	25.30
154	Zambia	26.50
	Africa Avg	26.10
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) Lower is better64
Pos.		2023 %64
1	Slovakia	24.1%65
2	Slovenia	24.3%65
3	Belarus	24.4%66
	...
80=	Iran	34.8%67
80=	Italy	34.8%65
82	Thailand	34.9%65
83	Ethiopia	35.0%68
84=	Russia	35.1%65
84=	Nigeria	35.1%69
84=	Qatar	35.1%70
87	Liberia	35.3%71
	Africa Avg	40.7%
	World Avg	36.5%
q=167.

Income inequality data is rarely available for Ethiopia - only for 6 years between 1980 and 2019; the 1980s only had one data point (1981), which was also for urban areas only.

Multidimensional Poverty Lower is better72
Pos.		2018 Severity72
1	Armenia	.001
2	Ukraine	.001
3	Serbia	.001
	...
94	Madagascar	.453
95	Mali	.457
96	Central African Rep.	.465
97	Ethiopia	.489
98	Burkina Faso	.519
99	Chad	.533
100	S. Sudan	.580
101	Niger	.590
	Africa Avg	.264
	World Avg	.154
q=101.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #ethiopia #god #hinduism #islam #israel #judaism #religion #religiosity #secularisation #sudan

Religiosity (2018)52
Pos.		Lower is better %52
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
	...
91=	Honduras	90
91=	Cameroon	90
91=	Rwanda	90
91=	Liberia	90
95	Morocco	91
96=	Guinea-Bissau	91
96=	Philippines	91
96=	Zambia	91
99	Afghanistan	92
100=	Burkina Faso	93
100=	Tanzania	93
100=	Indonesia	93
103	Mali	94
104=	Pakistan	94
105	Ethiopia	98
106=	Senegal	98
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

Disbelief In God (2007)73
Pos.		Higher is better %73
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
112=	Jordan	0
112=	Gambia	0
112=	Kenya	0
112=	Ethiopia	0
112=	Afghanistan	0
112=	Egypt	0
112=	Liberia	0
112=	Libya	0
112=	Ivory Coast	0
112=	Pakistan	0
112=	Niger	0
112=	Saudi Arabia	0
112=	Rwanda	0
112=	Cameroon	0
112=	Philippines	0
112=	Kuwait	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₇₄:

Christian	62.8%
Muslim	34.6%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	2.6%
Jewish	0.1%
Unaffiliated	0.1%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census)₇₅.

The International Humanist and Ethical Union produced a report in 2012 entitled "Freedom of Thought" (2012)₇₆, in which they document bias and prejudice at the national level that is based on religion, belief and/or lack of belief. Their entry for Ethiopia states:

“The constitution requires the separation of state and religion; however, under a 2008 law it is a crime to defame religious groups.”

"Freedom of Thought" by IHEU (2012)₇₇

In Ethiopia, Jews are organized as Beta Israel (House of Israel) and known to outsiders as the Falasha or Felasha₇₈. Although they are traditionally said to be descendants of Queen Sheba and King Solomon, their ancestors are actually local converts to Judaism from between 100BCE to 100CE₇₈. The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906)₇₉ says that their origin is unknown but that the Falashas have never had any copies of any Jewish Hebrew texts and knew nothing of the Talmud₈₀ (which would not be the case for descendants of Jewish royalty), and, DNA tests have now proven that the Falasha are indeed truly descendants of their fellow Ethiopians rather than from Hebrew stock₈₁. After Ethiopia converted to Christianity in the 4th century CE, the Falasha Jews were persecuted violently for many centuries, until the Catholic Church in the 15th and 16th centuries eventually crushed them and confiscated all their lands. As the Catholic Church slowly lost its power, their "conditions improved in the late 19th and 20th centuries, at which time tens of thousands of Falasha lived in the region north of Lake Tana"₇₈, near the border with Sudan. From 1975 they were permitted by Israel to immigrate and they began to do so slowly until the Sudanese civil war of 1991 threatened the entire community and 20,000 of them were evacuated to Israel₈₂. As of 1997, only around 500 remained in Ethiopia₈₂.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?