Sudan (Republic of the Sudan)

Sudan Republic of the Sudan
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	193rd best
Capital	Khartoum
Land Area	2 376 000km21
Location	Africa
Population	41.8m2
Life Expectancy	65.27yrs (2017)3
GNI	$3 575 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	SD, SDN, 7365
Internet Domain	.sd6
Currency	Dinar (SDD)7
Telephone	+2498

1. Overview
2. Sudan National and Social Development
3. Sudan's Demographics and Migration
4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance
5. Sudan's Health
   1. Health Datasets
   2. Children's Health Datasets
6. Sudan's Responsibility Towards The Environment
7. Sudan's Modernity and Learning
   1. Modernity Datasets
   2. Education Datasets
   3. Technology and Information Datasets
8. Sudan's Culture, Peace and Inequality
   1. National Culture Datasets
   2. Peace Versus Instability Datasets
   3. Economic Inequality and Poverty Datasets
9. Religion and Beliefs
10. Links

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1. Overview

#chad #ethiopia #south_sudan #UK

“Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“There is no country on earth that travellers are as apprehensive to visit as they are pained to leave. The Sudanese are as diverse as they are mysterious, as generous as they are welcoming. Wake at the break of day under the golden pyramids of godlike kings of old; traverse a searing desert to the place where two Nile rivers become one and watch a million blood red fish swarm through gardens of coral. Whichever way you look at it, there´s just no denying that among Sudan´s sweeping hills of sand lie treasures the rest of the world are only just beginning to understand.

Until July 2011 Sudan was the biggest country in Africa, but now, with South Sudan having broken away to form a new nation, maps of Africa are being redrawn. This redefining of national boundaries is making for huge changes, geographically, politically, financially and culturally, for the Sudanese. But for a traveller some things never change; Sudanese hospitality remains second to none, and for most people, travelling through Sudan is such an eye-opening and rewarding experience that many come away saying that Sudan was their favourite country in Africa.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Sudan National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better Value11
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
169	Malawi	0.512
170	Senegal	0.511
171	Djibouti	0.509
172	Sudan	0.508
173	Madagascar	0.501
174	Gambia	0.500
175	Ethiopia	0.498
176	Eritrea	0.492
	Africa Avg	0.56
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $11
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
156	Zimbabwe	$3 810
157	Micronesia	$3 696
158	Cameroon	$3 621
159	Sudan	$3 575
160	Benin	$3 409
161	Senegal	$3 344
162	Zambia	$3 218
163	Comoros	$3 142
	Africa Avg	$5 339
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank12
1	Denmark	28.1
2	Norway	29.9
3	Sweden	31.0
	...
190	Chad	130.6
191	Yemen	130.8
192	Congo, DR	131.9
193	Sudan	134.5
194	Equatorial Guinea	136.0
195	Angola	141.1
196	Afghanistan	141.4
197	Eritrea	146.1
	Africa Avg	115.3
	World Avg	89.4
q=200.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Sudan's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #fertility #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population #yemen

Population Datasets:

Sudan's population is predicted to rise to 50.75 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 4.38. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population will grow, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity - the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate (two new children for each set of parents who die), which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1, once you take mortality into account₁₃. The highest fertility rate ever detected in a single year was in Yemen in 1985, at 8.86.₁₄

Population2
Pos.		2018 Population2
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
32	Ukraine	44.2m
33	Uganda	42.7m
34	Algeria	42.2m
35	Sudan	41.8m
36	Iraq	38.4m
37	Poland	37.9m
38	Afghanistan	37.2m
39	Canada	37.1m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
147	Myanmar	65.7
148	Papua New Guinea	65.4
149	Marshall Islands	65.3
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
154	Mauritania	64.4
	World Avg	71.28
q=195. Also scored for 1990s-2010s.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best15
Pos.		202215
1	US Virgin Islands	2.00
2	Ecuador	2.00
3	Nepal	2.01
	...
189=	Ivory Coast	4.34
189=	Mauritania	4.34
191	Cameroon	4.38
192	Sudan	4.38
193	Uganda	4.47
194	Afghanistan	4.52
195	Mozambique	4.56
196	Gambia	4.59
	World Avg	2.47
q=208. Also scored for 1960s-2010s.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio Lower is better16
Pos.		2016 Per 10016
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3=	Chad	04.7
	...
40=	Ethiopia	06.6
40=	Swaziland	06.6
42=	Central African Rep.	06.8
42=	Sudan	06.8
42=	Mauritania	06.8
42=	Kuwait	06.8
46=	Congo, (Brazzaville)	07.0
46=	Solomon Islands	07.0
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

• The Population of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

Migration Datasets:

Immigrants17
Pos.		2017 %17
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
131	Central African Rep.	1.9%
132	Romania	1.9%
133	Japan	1.8%
134	Sudan	1.8%
135	Albania	1.8%
136	Pakistan	1.7%
137	Nepal	1.7%
138	Poland	1.7%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants18
Pos.		2010 %18
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
150	Argentina	2.4%
151	Cambodia	2.3%
152	Uganda	2.2%
153	Sudan	2.2%
154	Chad	2.1%
155	Australia	2.1%
156	Serbia	2.0%
157	Venezuela	1.8%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #islam #morals #politics #prejudice #slavery #south_sudan #sudan #sudan_slavery #tolerance

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2025)19
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank19
1	Sweden	7.8
2	Netherlands	8.7
3	Denmark	8.8
	...
190	Mauritania	144.3
191	Equatorial Guinea	147.3
192	Iran	152.2
193	Sudan	153.0
194	Brunei	153.6
195	N. Korea	154.9
	Africa Avg	116.66
	World Avg	89.80
q=199.

Sudan is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Sudan does better than average in combatting modern slavery₂₀. But unfortunately Sudan gets most other things wrong. It does worse than average when it comes to its nominal commitment to Human Rights₂₁, opposing gender inequality₂₂ and in supporting press freedom₂₃ (one of the worst in Africa). And finally, it falls into the worst 20 for commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₂₄ (one of the worst in Africa), freethought₂₅ (one of the highest in Africa), its average Freedom in the World rating and in LGBT equality in the 2020s₂₆. "Sudan´s human rights record continued to be defined by government repression and violations of basic civil and political rights [and] disregard for obligations on civilian protection under international humanitarian law"₂₇. There is no freedom of religion_27,28, and religious persecution, based on Islam, occurs at the worst possible rate₂₈; converting from Islam attracts the death penalty. The imposition of Shari'ah law on Christian communities fed two horrific civil wars₂₉, eventually leading to the independence of South Sudan.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

• Human Rights and Freedom in Sudan

5. Sudan's Health

#health

Compared to Africa (2025)30
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank30
1	Mauritius	72.2
2	Tunisia	73.9
3	Seychelles	78.0
	...
32	Guinea-Bissau	135.0
33	Benin	135.3
34	Uganda	135.9
35	Sudan	136.1
36	Gabon	136.6
37	Cameroon	137.0
38	Burkina Faso	138.2
39	Congo, DR	139.9
40	Madagascar	140.1
	Africa Avg	127.77
q=54.

Health (2025)30
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank30
1	Monaco	10.3
2	Liechtenstein	30.1
3	Japan	40.8
	...
181	Benin	135.3
182	Uganda	135.9
183	Nauru	136.0
184	Sudan	136.1
185	Gabon	136.6
186	Kiribati	136.8
187	Cameroon	137.0
188	Burkina Faso	138.2
	World Avg	97.39
q=207.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Liechtenstein and Japan₃₁. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are Angola, Somalia and S. Sudan₃₁.

42 datasets are used to calculate points for each country, including multiple decades of data on its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, obesity rate, its adolescent birth rate, delivery rate of infant DTP immunizations, delivery rate of 7x Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 and childhood mortality. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Europe and The Mediterranean₃₁, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Africa and Melanesia₃₁.

For more, see:

• "Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

5.1. Health Datasets

#2010s #alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #mental_health #obesity #overpopulation #sudan #suicide

Sudan is a pretty unhealthy country. Sudan comes in the best 20 in its alcohol consumption rate₃₂. It does better than average when it comes to its suicide rate₃₃ and in the prevalence of overweight adults₃₄ (but high for Africa). But unfortunately Sudan gets most other things wrong. It does worse than average in delivery rate of 7x Infant Immunizations 2011-2015₃₅, its average life expectancy₁₁ (still good for Africa), its adolescent birth rate₃₆, childhood mortality in the 2020s₃₇ and in delivery rate of infant DTP immunizations in the 2020s₃₈. And finally, it falls into the worst-performing 20 for its fertility rate₁₅. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% during the past 40 years. Life expectancy in Sudan in 1990 was 49.7yrs, lower than the global average of 64.6. It improved by +16.1yrs in the 30 years from then, over double the global average improvement of +7.9yrs. Sudan's peak fertility rate was 7.06 in 1971.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
147	Myanmar	65.7
148	Papua New Guinea	65.4
149	Marshall Islands	65.3
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
154	Mauritania	64.4
	Africa Avg	62.79
	World Avg	71.28
q=195. Also scored for 1990s-2010s.

Alcohol Consumption Lower is better32
Pos.		2016 Per Capita32
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
14=	Egypt	0.4
15=	Djibouti	0.5
15=	Niger	0.5
15=	Sudan	0.5
18=	Bhutan	0.6
18=	Morocco	0.6
20=	Jordan	0.7
20=	Senegal	0.7
	Africa Avg	4.8
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best15
Pos.		202215
1	US Virgin Islands	2.00
2	Ecuador	2.00
3	Nepal	2.01
	...
189=	Ivory Coast	4.34
189=	Mauritania	4.34
191	Cameroon	4.38
192	Sudan	4.38
193	Uganda	4.47
194	Afghanistan	4.52
195	Mozambique	4.56
196	Gambia	4.59
	Africa Avg	3.97
	World Avg	2.47
q=208. Also scored for 1960s-2010s.

Suicide Rate in the 2010s Lower is better33
Pos.		Suicide Rate in the 2010s Per 100k33
1=	Jordan	1.00
1=	Sao Tome & Principe	1.00
1=	Antigua & Barbuda	1.00
	...
28	Turkey	3.26
29	Panama	3.33
30	Iraq	3.40
31	Sudan	3.54
32	Afghanistan	3.57
33	Bahamas	3.61
34	Morocco	3.63
35	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	3.66
	Africa Avg	7.70
	World Avg	9.24
q=185. Also scored for 2000s-2010s.

Overweight Adults Lower is better34
Pos.		1976 %34
1	Bangladesh	4.7
2	Vietnam	5.1
3	Nepal	5.4
	...
49=	Liberia	11.2
50	Ghana	11.4
51=	Ivory Coast	11.5
51=	Sudan	11.5
53	Sao Tome & Principe	11.7
54	Congo, (Brazzaville)	11.8
55	Malaysia	11.9
56=	S. Korea	12.3
	Africa Avg	13.4
	World Avg	27.1
q=191.

Adult Obesity Lower is better39
Pos.		2022 %39
1	Vietnam	2.1%
2	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	2.2%
3	Ethiopia	2.4%
	...
58	Sao Tome & Principe	15.0%
59	Cape Verde	15.1%
60	Namibia	15.3%
61	Sudan	15.5%
62	Comoros	15.5%
63	Liberia	16.2%
64	Sweden	16.4%
65	Netherlands	16.9%
	Africa Avg	13.7%
	World Avg	24.7%
q=199. Also scored for 1990s-2010s.

5.2. Children's Health Datasets

#children's_health #health #parenting #population #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better36
Pos.		2022 Per 100036
1	Hong Kong	1.6
2	Denmark	1.8
3	S. Korea	2.1
	...
161	Mauritania	76.8
162	Togo	77.0
163	Sao Tome & Principe	77.4
164	Sudan	77.6
165	Afghanistan	79.7
166	Venezuela	82.0
167	Nicaragua	84.0
168	Guinea-Bissau	85.8
	Africa Avg	84.6
	World Avg	43.8
q=195. Also scored for 1990s-2010s.

Infant DTP Immunizations (2020s) Higher is better38
Pos.		Infant DTP Immunizations (2020s) Avg %38
1=	Luxembourg	99.0
1=	Oman	99.0
1=	Niue	99.0
	...
180	Cameroon	75.1
181	Mozambique	74.2
182	Lebanon	74.1
183	Sudan	73.7
184	Benin	73.5
185	Congo, DR	73.2
186	S. Sudan	72.7
187=	Ecuador	72.6
	Africa Avg	82.9
	World Avg	88.5
q=211. Also scored for 1980s-2020s.

7x Infant Immunizations (2011-2015) Higher is better35
Pos.		2015 Avg %35
1=	Hungary	99.0
1=	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
122	Senegal	89.5
123	Peru	89.3
124	Ireland	89.2
125	Sudan	89.2
126	Honduras	88.8
127	Kenya	88.5
128	Costa Rica	88.5
129	Colombia	88.4
	Africa Avg	81.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Infant Mortality (2020s) Lower is better37
Pos.		Infant Mortality (2020s) Per 100037
1	San Marino	2.11
2	Finland	2.59
3	Luxembourg	2.60
	...
164	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	62.21
165	Zambia	63.61
166	Zimbabwe	63.76
167	Sudan	65.51
168	Djibouti	66.40
169	Madagascar	66.96
170	Ethiopia	67.34
171	Burundi	71.23
	Africa Avg	71.63
	World Avg	32.19
q=195. Also scored for 1960s-2020s.

6. Sudan's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #environmentalism #food #internationalism #meat #over-exploitation #sudan #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism

Compared to Africa (2025)40
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank40
1	Morocco	46.5
2	Burundi	47.8
3	Mali	51.0
	...
42	Sao Tome & Principe	92.7
43	Mozambique	93.9
44	Liberia	94.2
45	Sudan	97.8
46	Comoros	99.1
47	Mauritania	101.2
48	Seychelles	103.4
49	Angola	109.5
50	Libya	121.4
	Africa Avg	78.58
q=53.

Responsibility Towards The Environment (2025)40
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank40
1	Sri Lanka	34.9
2	Uruguay	43.2
3	Switzerland	45.0
	...
144=	Laos	97.0
144=	Estonia	97.0
146	Montenegro	97.3
147	Sudan	97.8
148	Comoros	99.1
149	Russia	99.2
150	Myanmar	99.9
151	Kuwait	100.5
	World Avg	84.93
q=199.

We have known for a long term that we must protect the environment from habitation destruction, over-exploitation, pollution, and the emissions that cause climate change. In 1998, Greenpeace wrote that "Environment can no longer be meaningfully separated from health, quality of life, democracy, education, economy or trade"₄₁. What countries have been doing the right thing, via legislation and national culture? All countries' current and historical approach towards the environment is gauged via 21 datasets, including multiple decades of data on its forested percent change 2000-2020, its environmental performance, energy to GDP efficiency, its sign-up rate to major international accords on protecting the environment, the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population, reducing annual meat consumption per person and its score on the Green Future Index.

The countries that do the best (Sri Lanka, Uruguay and Switzerland) tend to have avoided the excesses of early industrial countries, and have not yet repeated the same mistakes of environmental destruction - at least, not on the same scale. The regions with the best average results per country are Central America, South America and Scandinavia. The worst are Eritrea, The Vatican City and Timor-Leste (E. Timor), and the worst regions Micronesia, Australasia and Melanesia.

For more, see:

• "Countries With the Best Environmental Records" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

Sudan is 147th in the world regarding its responsibility towards the environment. This is computed using 21 data sets. Sudan does better than average for reducing annual meat consumption per person₄₂ and in the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population₄₃. And finally, it does worse than average in terms of its sign-up rate to major international accords on protecting the environment, its environmental performance₄₄ (still good for Africa) and in its forested percent change 2000-2020₄₅.

Environmental Performance Higher is better44
Pos.		201844
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
	...
112	Moldova	52.0
113	Botswana	51.7
114	Honduras	51.5
115	Sudan	51.5
116	Oman	51.3
117	Zambia	51.0
118	Grenada	50.9
119	Tanzania	50.8
	Africa Avg	46.4
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

International Accords on the Environment Higher is better
Pos.		International Accords on the Environment Avg Rate
1	Sweden	83%
2	Canada	82%
3	Norway	81%
	...
108	St Lucia	56%
109	Slovenia	56%
110	S. Korea	56%
111	Sudan	56%
112	Cuba	55%
113	Israel	55%
114	Vietnam	55%
115	Malta	55%
	Africa Avg	56.4%
	World Avg	57.5%
q=197. Also scored for 1970s-2020s.

Rational Beliefs on the Environment Higher is better43
Pos.		2011 %43
1	Argentina	78.3%
2	Greece	77.6%
3	Brazil	77.1%
	...
44	Honduras	48.1%
45	Iran	47.9%
46	Turkey	47.4%
47	Sudan	46.9%
48	Malaysia	46.6%
49	Mozambique	46.5%
50	Laos	45.3%
51	Slovenia	45.1%
	Africa Avg	38.3%
	World Avg	39.9%
q=145.

Meat Consumption Lower is better42
Pos.		2021 kg42
1	Congo, DR	03.0
2	Burundi	03.5
3	Bangladesh	04.3
	...
37	Indonesia	18.6
38	Pakistan	18.6
39	Senegal	19.3
40	Sudan	19.9
41=	Myanmar	20.0
41=	Angola	20.0
43	S. Sudan	20.2
44	Liberia	20.3
	Africa Avg	24.9
	World Avg	52.5
q=185. Also scored for 2010s.

7. Sudan's Modernity and Learning

#education #modernity #technology #the_internet

Compared to Africa (2025)46
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank46
1	S. Africa	63.3
2	Seychelles	63.4
3	Tunisia	68.7
	...
41	Ethiopia	144.2
42	Angola	145.2
43	Gambia	145.5
44	Sudan	145.6
45	Congo, DR	147.0
46	Mozambique	147.4
47	Mauritania	147.7
48	Burundi	152.1
49	Chad	157.5
	Africa Avg	124.71
q=54.

Modernity & Learning (2025)46
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank46
1	Finland	6.1
2	Iceland	8.1
3	Denmark	8.8
	...
177	Cambodia	144.2
178	Angola	145.2
179	Gambia	145.5
180	Sudan	145.6
181	Laos	146.1
182	Congo, DR	147.0
183	Mozambique	147.4
184	Puerto Rico	147.7
	World Avg	84.96
q=197.

The most modern countries, with the best results from education, the highest levels of research, and with the easiest access to information on the Internet, are Finland, Iceland and Denmark₄₇. The worst countries are S. Sudan, Eritrea and Somalia₄₇. Despite improves in global education, access to tertiary (adult) education is becoming increasingly unequal between the rich haves and the poor have-nots₄₈.

“Education, at all levels and ages, is the single most vital support for equality as well as being a country's most vital economic and social resource. [...] Every successful aspirant to modernisation and economic development, from Japan to South Korea, China to Chile, has got there with a big emphasis on education.”

Bill Emmott (2017)₄₉

27 datasets are used to calculate points for each country, including multiple decades of data on Research and Development, Intellectual Endeavours, metric system adoption rate, Religiosity, IQ, Secondary Education, Length of Schooling, Maths, Science & Reading, the percent of citizens with access to the internet, Freedom On The Internet, IT Security, IPv6 Uptake and digital quality of life. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe₄₇, whereas the worst are Melanesia, Africa and Micronesia₄₇.

For more, see:

• " Which Countries are Most Modern, With the Best Education and Internet Access?" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

7.1. Modernity Datasets

#metric #research #science

Research & Development Higher is better
Pos.		2016 % RDP PPP
1	S. Korea	4.2950
2	Israel	4.1150
3	Japan	3.5850
	...
82	Zambia	0.2851
83	Botswana	0.2552
84	Armenia	0.2453
85=	Sudan	0.2354
85=	Uruguay	0.2352
85=	Mongolia	0.2353
85=	Bermuda	0.2353
89=	Togo	0.2252
	Africa Avg	0.36
	World Avg	0.84
q=126.

Metric System Adoption Rate Higher is better55
Pos.		2025 %55
1=	Slovakia	100
1=	Poland	100
1=	Portugal	100
	...
131=	Tanzania	90
131=	Syria	90
131=	Swaziland	90
131=	Sudan	90
131=	Sri Lanka	90
131=	Sierra Leone	90
131=	Senegal	90
131=	UK	90
	Africa Avg	90
	World Avg	92
q=187. Also scored for 1960s-2020s.

Sudan officially adopted metric in 1954₅₆. Progression:

• 1960 (50%): Traditional units dominant; metric in administration.
• 1970 (65%): Standardization grows in commerce/education.
• 1980 (80%): Metric dominant officially; informal legacy persists.
• 2000 (85%).
• 2025 (90%): High metric usage.

7.2. Education Datasets

#education

Secondary Education Higher is better57
Pos.		201857
1=	Luxembourg	100.0%
1=	Estonia	100.0%
1=	Austria	100.0%
	...
155	Mozambique	19.3%
156	Mauritania	18.8%
157	Senegal	17.6%
158	Sudan	17.5%
159	Ethiopia	17.1%
160	Rwanda	16.3%
161	Tanzania	14.3%
162	Mali	13.1%
	Africa Avg	34.4%
	World Avg	63.0%
q=169.

Length of Schooling Higher is better58
Pos.		2021 Years58
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
186	Eritrea	8.1
187	Central African Rep.	8.0
188	Chad	8.0
189	Sudan	7.9
190	Djibouti	7.4
191	Mali	7.4
192	Niger	7.0
193	S. Sudan	5.5
	Africa Avg	11.0
	World Avg	13.5
q=193. Also scored for 1990s-2010s.

7.3. Technology and Information Datasets

#it_security #sudan #the_internet

The Sudanese government persecuted and harasses its critics in every way it can.

“The Sudanese government set up a Facebook group calling for a protest against the Sudanese government, naming a time and place, and simply arrested all those who attended.”

"Media Studies: The Basics" by Julian McDougall (2012)₅₉

Internet Users (2020s) Higher is better
Pos.		Internet Users (2020s)
1=	Iceland	99%
1=	Kuwait	99%
1=	UAE	99%
	...
163	Rwanda	28%
164	Benin	28%
165	Congo, DR	28%
166	Sudan	26%
167	Zambia	26%
168	Guinea-Bissau	26%
169	Guinea	25%
170	Papua New Guinea	24%
	Africa Avg	41.0%
	World Avg	67.8%
q=188. Also scored for 1990s-2020s.

IT Security Lower is better60
Pos.		201360
1=	Ireland	0.11
1=	Luxembourg	0.11
1=	Belize	0.11
	...
74	Sri Lanka	1.67
75	Oman	1.72
76	Iraq	1.84
77	Bangladesh	1.87
78	Sudan	1.98
79	India	2.10
80	Russia	2.42
81	USA	3.68
	Africa Avg	1.07
	World Avg	0.98

IPv6 Uptake Higher is better61
Pos.		2017 Ratio61
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
67	Indonesia	0.2
68	S. Africa	0.1
69	Jersey	0.1
70=	Sudan	0.1
70=	Ukraine	0.1
72	Lithuania	0.1
73	Vanuatu	0.1
74=	Iran	0.1
	Africa Avg	0.04
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

8. Sudan's Culture, Peace and Inequality

#charitability #culture #equality #human_development #inequality #peace

Compared to Africa (2025)62
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank62
1	Mauritius	51.4
2	Seychelles	66.9
3	Tunisia	76.2
	...
36	Niger	115.6
37	Cameroon	116.5
38	Mozambique	119.2
39	Sudan	119.9
40	Mali	120.2
41	Djibouti	121.0
42	Libya	123.7
43	Congo, (Brazzaville)	123.9
44	Guinea-Bissau	124.7
	Africa Avg	110.07
q=54.

Culture, Peace & Inequality (2025)62
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank62
1	Denmark	11.6
2	Finland	13.4
3	Netherlands	13.6
	...
164	Mozambique	119.2
165	Cambodia	119.5
166	Myanmar	119.8
167	Sudan	119.9
168	Mali	120.2
169	Syria	120.9
170	Djibouti	121.0
171	Libya	123.7
	World Avg	81.27
q=187.

This is the final pillar of the Social and Moral Development Index; it has 32 datasets, including multiple decades of data on World Giving Index, resisting corruption, overall happiness, Creativity and Culture, passport utility (so far), Open Trading, Aid and Development, its Global Peace Index rating, Peacekeeping and Security, Refugees and UN Treaties, the impact of terrorism, poverty (so far), life expectancy inequality, Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) and Multidimensional Poverty.

For more, see:

• "Which are the Countries for International Contributions, Creativity, Peace and Inequality?" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

8.1. National Culture Datasets

#corruption #politics #sudan

Corruption Higher is better63
Pos.		2022 Points63
1	Denmark	90.0
2=	Finland	87.0
2=	New Zealand	87.0
	...
159=	Azerbaijan	23.0
159=	Honduras	23.0
159=	Iraq	23.0
162=	Sudan	22.0
162=	Eritrea	22.0
164=	Congo, (Brazzaville)	21.0
164=	Guinea-Bissau	21.0
166	Congo, DR	20.0
	Africa Avg	32.31
	World Avg	42.98
q=180. Also scored for 1990s-2010s.

In 2009, Sudan became the 5th-worst country in terms of perception of corruption, and on average through the 2010s, it maintained that same rank on average; it's worst year was 2014 where it was 3rd-worst.

8.2. Peace Versus Instability Datasets

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index Lower is better64
Pos.		2023 Score64
1	Iceland	1.12
2	Denmark	1.31
3	Ireland	1.31
	...
152	Central African Rep.	2.93
153	Mali	2.96
154	Iraq	3.01
155	Sudan	3.02
156	Somalia	3.04
157	Ukraine	3.04
158	Russia	3.14
159	Congo, DR	3.21
	Africa Avg	2.29
	World Avg	2.07
q=163. Also scored for 2010s.

Impact of Terrorism Lower is better65
Pos.		2019 Score65
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
	...
128	Niger	5.60
129	USA	5.69
130	Kenya	5.76
131	Sudan	5.81
132	Colombia	5.91
133	Thailand	6.03
134	S. Sudan	6.32
135	Turkey	6.53
	Africa Avg	3.41
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

8.3. Economic Inequality and Poverty Datasets

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy Lower is better66
Pos.		201966
1	Iceland	2.40
2=	Singapore	2.50
2=	Hong Kong	2.50
	...
153	Tanzania	25.30
154	Zambia	26.50
155	Uganda	27.20
156	Sudan	27.40
157	Afghanistan	28.30
158=	Gambia	28.50
158=	Burundi	28.50
160	Comoros	28.90
	Africa Avg	26.10
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) Lower is better67
Pos.		2023 %67
1	Slovakia	24.1%68
2	Slovenia	24.3%68
3	Belarus	24.4%69
	...
71=	Spain	33.9%68
71=	Romania	33.9%68
73	Tajikistan	34.0%70
74	Sudan	34.2%71
75=	Australia	34.3%72
75=	Montenegro	34.3%68
75=	Latvia	34.3%68
78	Benin	34.4%68
	Africa Avg	40.7%
	World Avg	36.5%
q=167. Also scored for 1980s-2010s.

Income inequality data is rarely available for Sudan - only for 2 years between 1980 and 2019.

Multidimensional Poverty Lower is better73
Pos.		2018 Severity73
1	Armenia	.001
2	Ukraine	.001
3	Serbia	.001
	...
78	Uganda	.269
79	Afghanistan	.272
80	Tanzania	.273
81	Sudan	.279
82	Angola	.282
83	Gambia	.286
84	Senegal	.288
85	Nigeria	.291
	Africa Avg	.264
	World Avg	.154
q=101.

9. Religion and Beliefs

#buddhism #christianity #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion_in_sudan #south_sudan #sudan

Pew Forum polling over the decades has found the following adherency rates:₇₄:

	2010	2020
Muslim	99.7%	98.9%
Unaffiliated	0.126%	0.563%
Christian	0.172%	0.488%
Other	None	<0.1%
Hindu	<0.1%	<0.1%
Jewish	None	None
Buddhist	None	None

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority₇₅.

Freedom of Religion and Belief: There is no freedom of religion_27,28, and religious persecution, based on Islam, occurs at the worst possible rate₂₈; converting from Islam attracts the death penalty₇₆ and blasphemy and "defamation of Islam" are serious crimes₇₆. Marriage and other laws strongly favour Muslims at the expense of others₇₆. No new Christian churches are permitted and officials and security forces are demolishing existing ones₂₇. The imposition of Shari'ah law on Christian communities fed horrific civil war₂₉, eventually leading to the independence of South Sudan.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Human Rights and Freedom in Sudan: 4.2. Freedom of Thought