The Human Truth Foundation

Sudan (Republic of the Sudan)

https://www.humantruth.info/sudan.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

#islam #sudan

Sudan
Republic of the Sudan
StatusIndependent State
Social and Moral Index185th best
CapitalKhartoum
Land Area2 376 000km21
LocationAfrica
Population41.8m2
Life Expectancy65.27yrs (2017)3
GNI$3 575 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 CodesSD, SDN, 7365
Internet Domain.sd6
CurrencyDinar (SDD)7
Telephone+2498

1. Overview

#chad #ethiopia #south_sudan #UK

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)9

Book CoverThere is no country on earth that travellers are as apprehensive to visit as they are pained to leave. The Sudanese are as diverse as they are mysterious, as generous as they are welcoming. Wake at the break of day under the golden pyramids of godlike kings of old; traverse a searing desert to the place where two Nile rivers become one and watch a million blood red fish swarm through gardens of coral. Whichever way you look at it, there´s just no denying that among Sudan´s sweeping hills of sand lie treasures the rest of the world are only just beginning to understand.

Until July 2011 Sudan was the biggest country in Africa, but now, with South Sudan having broken away to form a new nation, maps of Africa are being redrawn. This redefining of national boundaries is making for huge changes, geographically, politically, financially and culturally, for the Sudanese. But for a traveller some things never change; Sudanese hospitality remains second to none, and for most people, travelling through Sudan is such an eye-opening and rewarding experience that many come away saying that Sudan was their favourite country in Africa.

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)10

2. Sudan National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Value11
1Switzerland0.962
2Norway0.961
3Iceland0.959
...
169Malawi0.512
170Senegal0.511
171Djibouti0.509
172Sudan0.508
173Madagascar0.501
174Gambia0.500
175Ethiopia0.498
176Eritrea0.492
Africa Avg0.56
World Avg0.72
q=191.
Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
PPP $11
1Liechtenstein$146 830
2Singapore$90 919
3Qatar$87 134
...
156Zimbabwe$3 810
157Micronesia$3 696
158Cameroon$3 621
159Sudan$3 575
160Benin$3 409
161Senegal$3 344
162Zambia$3 218
163Comoros$3 142
Africa Avg$5 339
World Avg$20 136
q=193.
Social & Moral
Development Index
12
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank12
1Norway29.8
2Denmark30.0
3Finland33.7
...
182Mauritania126.0
183Papua New Guinea126.5
184Comoros128.6
185Sudan129.6
186Afghanistan130.3
187Angola131.0
188Congo, DR131.2
189Tuvalu133.1
Africa Avg112.4
World Avg87.9
q=196.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Sudan's Demographics and Migration

#demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #population

Population:

Sudan's population is predicted to rise to 50.75 million by 2030.

Population2
Pos.2018
Population2
1China1.4b
2India1.4b
3USA327.1m
...
32Ukraine44.2m
33Uganda42.7m
34Algeria42.2m
35Sudan41.8m
36Iraq38.4m
37Poland37.9m
38Afghanistan37.2m
39Canada37.1m
World Avg39.0m
q=195.
Life Expectancy
Higher is better
11
Pos.2021
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
...
147Myanmar (Burma)65.7
148Papua New Guinea65.4
149Marshall Islands65.3
150Sudan65.3
151Ethiopia65.0
152Tuvalu64.5
153Madagascar64.5
154Mauritania64.4
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Old-Age Dependency Ratio
Lower is better
13
Pos.2016
Per 10013
1Uganda04.3
2Mali04.5
3=Chad04.7
...
40Ethiopia06.6
41=Swaziland06.6
42Central African Rep.06.8
43=Sudan06.8
43=Mauritania06.8
43=Kuwait06.8
46Congo, (Brazzaville)07.0
47=Solomon Islands07.0
World Avg18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants14
Pos.2017
%14
1UAE88.4%
2Kuwait75.5%
3Qatar65.2%
...
131Central African Rep.1.9%
132Romania1.9%
133Japan1.8%
134Sudan1.8%
135Albania1.8%
136Pakistan1.7%
137Nepal1.7%
138Poland1.7%
World Avg9.4%
q=195.
Emigrants15
Pos.2010
%15
1Dominica104.8%
2Palestine68.4%
3Samoa67.3%
...
150Argentina2.4%
151Cambodia2.3%
152Uganda2.2%
153Sudan2.2%
154Chad2.1%
155Australia2.1%
156Serbia2.0%
157Venezuela1.8%
World Avg11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #politics #prejudice #sudan #sudan_human_rights #tolerance

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)16
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank16
1Sweden9.0
2Norway14.5
3Denmark14.5
...
192Cook Islands144.5
193N. Korea146.5
194Brunei147.1
195Sudan148.6
196Vatican City154.0
197Tuvalu158.4
Africa Avg108.2
World Avg87.9
q=199.
Sudan is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Sudan does worse than average in its nominal commitment to Human Rights17 and in speed of uptake of HR treaties18. And finally, it falls into the worst-performing 20 in terms of commentary in Human Rights Watch reports19 (amongst the worst in Africa), opposing gender inequality20, supporting press freedom21 (amongst the worst in Africa), freethought22 (amongst the highest in Africa) and in LGBT equality23 (amongst the worst in Africa). "Sudan´s human rights record continued to be defined by government repression and violations of basic civil and political rights [and] disregard for obligations on civilian protection under international humanitarian law"24. There is no freedom of religion24,25, and religious persecution, based on Islam, occurs at the worst possible rate25; converting from Islam attracts the death penalty.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

5. Sudan's Health

#alcohol #health #life_expectancy #longevity #obesity #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Compared to Africa (2020)26
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank26
1Mauritius64.5
2Morocco73.1
3=Eritrea77.0
4Tunisia80.1
5Algeria87.3
6=Burundi87.4
7Libya90.5
8Sudan91.2
9Rwanda91.9
10Ethiopia93.3
11Sao Tome & Principe93.6
12Djibouti95.7
13Cape Verde97.3
Africa Avg108.2
q=54.
Health (2020)26
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank26
1Monaco13.0
2Hong Kong18.3
3Maldives41.0
...
87=Fiji90.6
87=Mongolia90.6
89Kyrgyzstan91.0
90Sudan91.2
91St Kitts & Nevis91.8
92Rwanda91.9
93Bahamas92.3
94=Lithuania92.4
World Avg93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives27. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau27.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean27, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa27.

For more, see:

Health:

Sudan has some poor policies and cultural issues which cause some public health problems. Sudan comes in the best 20 when it comes to its alcohol consumption rate28. It does better than average when it comes to its smoking rate29 (but high for Africa). And finally, it does worse than average in its immunizations take-up30, its adolescent birth rate20 (still low for Africa) and in its average life expectancy11 (still high for Africa). The prevalence of overweight adults has increased by 14% between 1976 and 2016. Life expectancy in Sudan in 1990 was 49.7yrs, lower than the global average of 64.6. It improved by +16.1yrs in the 30 years from then, over double the global average improvement of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy
Higher is better
11
Pos.2021
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
...
147Myanmar (Burma)65.7
148Papua New Guinea65.4
149Marshall Islands65.3
150Sudan65.3
151Ethiopia65.0
152Tuvalu64.5
153Madagascar64.5
154Mauritania64.4
Africa Avg62.79
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Alcohol Consumption
Lower is better
28
Pos.2016
Per Capita28
1Bangladesh0.0
2Kuwait0.0
3Libya0.0
...
14=Egypt0.4
15Djibouti0.5
16=Niger0.5
16=Sudan0.5
18Bhutan0.6
19=Morocco0.6
20Jordan0.7
21=Senegal0.7
Africa Avg4.8
World Avg6.2
q=189.
Smoking Rates
Lower is better
29
Pos.201429
1Guinea 15
2Solomon Islands 26
3Kiribati 28
...
70S. Sudan 398
71Belize 400
72Swaziland 427
73Sudan 428
74Costa Rica 432
75Botswana 449
76Syria 459
77Djibouti 476
Africa Avg 340
World Avg 819
q=182.
Overweight Adults
Lower is better
31
Pos.2016
%31
1Vietnam18.3
2India19.7
3Bangladesh20.0
...
38=Somalia28.4
38=Senegal28.4
38=Pakistan28.4
41Sudan28.9
42=Nigeria28.9
43Benin29.5
44Guinea-Bissau29.9
45S. Korea30.3
Africa Avg33.3
World Avg49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate
Lower is better
20
Pos.2015
Per 100020
1N. Korea0.5
2S. Korea1.6
3Switzerland2.9
...
139Nepal71.9
140Cape Verde73.4
141Afghanistan74.0
142Sudan74.0
143Panama74.5
144Ecuador75.9
145Namibia76.8
146Senegal78.6
Africa Avg87.5
World Avg47.9
q=185.
Infant Immunizations 2011-2015
Higher is better
30
Pos.2015
Avg %30
1=Hungary99.0
1=China99.0
3Uzbekistan98.9
...
122Senegal89.5
123Peru89.3
124Ireland89.2
125Sudan89.2
126Honduras88.8
127Kenya88.5
128Costa Rica88.5
129Colombia88.4
Africa Avg81.7
World Avg88.3
q=194.

6. Sudan's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #food #meat #over-exploitation #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism

Compared to Africa (2023)32
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank32
1Seychelles55.3
2Kenya57.4
3=Zambia57.6
...
18Gambia82.0
19=Cameroon82.0
20Djibouti82.3
21=Sudan83.5
21=Tanzania83.5
23Benin85.8
24Madagascar86.0
25=Sierra Leone87.0
25=Malawi87.0
Africa Avg90.1
q=53.
Responsibility Towards The Environment (2023)32
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank32
1Japan33.2
2Philippines45.0
3Uruguay48.0
...
91Hong Kong83.3
92=Malta83.5
92=Tanzania83.5
92=Sudan83.5
95Bolivia83.8
96Vietnam83.8
97Mongolia84.8
98China85.2
World Avg85.7
q=188.
Sudan comes 92nd in the world with regard to its responsibility towards the environment. This rank is calculated from 5 data sets. Sudan does better than average in terms of annual meat consumption per person33 and in the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population34. And finally, it does worse than average in its environmental performance35 (still high for Africa), how quickly it ratified the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity and in its forested percent change 2000-202036.

Forest Area Change 2000-2020
Higher is better
36
Pos.Total36
1Guernsey82.6%
2Bahrain75.2%
3Iceland64.7%
...
210Angola-14.8%
211Argentina-14.9%
212Tanzania-15.3%
213Sudan-16.6%
214Oman-16.7%
215Guatemala-16.8%
216Pakistan-18.2%
217Namibia-18.5%
Africa Avg-8.7%
World Avg-0.1%
q=234.

From 2000 to 2010, Sudan destroyed 1745 thousand hectares of forest cover, 8% of its total. From 2010 to 2020, it lost a further 9%, falling to 18360 thousand hectares.

Environmental Performance
Higher is better
35
Pos.201835
1Switzerland87.4
2France84.0
3Denmark81.6
...
112Moldova52.0
113Botswana51.7
114Honduras51.5
115Sudan51.5
116Oman51.3
117Zambia51.0
118Grenada50.9
119Tanzania50.8
Africa Avg46.4
World Avg56.4
q=180.
Convention on Biological Diversity
Earlier is better
Pos.Total
Signed
1=China1993 Dec 29
1=Guinea1993 Dec 29
1=Cook Islands1993 Dec 29
...
130Botswana1996 Jan 10
131Moldova1996 Jan 18
132Guinea-Bissau1996 Jan 25
133Sudan1996 Jan 28
134S. Africa1996 Jan 31
135Nicaragua1996 Feb 18
136Latvia1996 Mar 13
137Singapore1996 Mar 20
Africa Avg1899 Dec 30
World Avg1899 Dec 30
q=197.
Rational Beliefs on the Environment
Higher is better34
Pos.2011
%34
1Argentina78.3%
2Greece77.6%
3Brazil77.1%
...
44Honduras48.1%
45Iran47.9%
46Turkey47.4%
47Sudan46.9%
48Malaysia46.6%
49Mozambique46.5%
50Laos45.3%
51Slovenia45.1%
Africa Avg38.3%
World Avg39.9%
q=145.
Meat Consumption
Lower is better
33
Pos.2021
kg33
1Congo, DR03.0
2Burundi03.5
3Bangladesh04.3
...
37Indonesia18.6
38Pakistan18.6
39Senegal19.3
40Sudan19.9
41=Myanmar (Burma)20.0
41=Angola20.0
43S. Sudan20.2
44Liberia20.3
Africa Avg24.9
World Avg52.5
q=185.

7. Sudan's Modernity and Learning

#education #it_security #modernity #research #science #technology #the_internet

Compared to Africa (2020)37
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank37
1S. Africa52.8
2Egypt70.4
3Tunisia73.4
...
22Gabon118.3
23=Namibia119.0
23=Senegal119.0
25Sudan119.8
26Sao Tome & Principe120.3
27Burkina Faso120.6
28Ivory Coast121.3
29Malawi121.6
30Mali124.1
Africa Avg120.7
q=53.
Modernity & Learning (2020)37
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank37
1Finland8.4
2Taiwan10.0
3Switzerland15.1
...
158Gabon118.3
159=Senegal119.0
159=Namibia119.0
161Sudan119.8
162Sao Tome & Principe120.3
163Burkina Faso120.6
164Ivory Coast121.3
165Malawi121.6
World Avg83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Research & Development
Higher is better
Pos.2016
% RDP PPP
1S. Korea4.2938
2Israel4.1138
3Japan3.5838
...
82Zambia0.2839
83Botswana0.2540
84Armenia0.2441
85=Sudan0.2342
85=Uruguay0.2340
85=Mongolia0.2341
85=Bermuda0.2341
89Togo0.2240
Africa Avg0.36
World Avg0.84
q=126.
Secondary Education
Higher is better
43
Pos.201843
1=Luxembourg100.0%
1=Estonia100.0%
1=Austria100.0%
...
155Mozambique19.3%
156Mauritania18.8%
157Senegal17.6%
158Sudan17.5%
159Ethiopia17.1%
160Rwanda16.3%
161Tanzania14.3%
162Mali13.1%
Africa Avg34.4%
World Avg63.0%
q=169.
Length of Schooling
Higher is better
44
Pos.2021
Years44
1Australia21.1
2New Zealand20.3
3Greece20.0
...
186Eritrea8.1
187Central African Rep.8.0
188Chad8.0
189Sudan7.9
190Djibouti7.4
191Mali7.4
192Niger7.0
193S. Sudan5.5
Africa Avg11.0
World Avg13.5
q=193.

Technology and Information:

The Sudanese government persecuted and harasses its critics in every way it can.

The Sudanese government set up a Facebook group calling for a protest against the Sudanese government, naming a time and place, and simply arrested all those who attended.

"Media Studies: The Basics" by Julian McDougall (2012)45

Internet Users
Higher is better
46
Pos.201646
1Iceland100%
2Faroe Islands99%
3Norway98%
...
136Ghana28%
137Swaziland28%
138Guatemala27%
139Sudan26%
140Sao Tome & Principe26%
141Yemen25%
142Senegal23%
143Angola23%
Africa Avg18.4%
World Avg48.1%
q=201.
IT Security
Lower is better
47
Pos.201347
1=Ireland0.11
1=Luxembourg0.11
1=Belize0.11
...
74Sri Lanka1.67
75Oman1.72
76Iraq1.84
77Bangladesh1.87
78Sudan1.98
79India2.10
80Russia2.42
81USA3.68
Africa Avg1.07
World Avg0.98
IPv6 Uptake
Higher is better
48
Pos.2017
Ratio48
1Belgium55.4
2Germany41.8
3Switzerland35.1
...
67Indonesia0.2
68S. Africa0.1
69Jersey0.1
70=Sudan0.1
70=Ukraine0.1
72Lithuania0.1
73Vanuatu0.1
74=Iran0.1
Africa Avg0.04
World Avg3.82
q=176.

8. National Culture

#corruption #happiness #politics

Corruption
Higher is better
49
Pos.2022
Points49
1Denmark90.0
2=Finland87.0
2=New Zealand87.0
...
159Azerbaijan23.0
160=Honduras23.0
160=Iraq23.0
162Sudan22.0
163=Eritrea22.0
164Congo, (Brazzaville)21.0
165=Guinea-Bissau21.0
166Congo, DR20.0
Africa Avg32.31
World Avg42.98
q=180.

In 2009, Sudan became the 5th-worst country in terms of perception of corruption, and on average through the 2010s, it maintained that same rank on average; it's worst year was 2014 where it was 3rd-worst.

Happiness
Higher is better
50
Pos.2018
Score50
1Finland7.6
2Norway7.6
3Denmark7.6
...
134Niger4.2
135Uganda4.2
136Benin4.1
137Sudan4.1
138Ukraine4.1
139Togo4.0
140Guinea4.0
141Lesotho3.8
Africa Avg4.29
World Avg5.38
q=156.

9. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index
Lower is better
51
Pos.2023
Score51
1Iceland1.12
2Denmark1.31
3Ireland1.31
...
152Central African Rep.2.93
153Mali2.96
154Iraq3.01
155Sudan3.02
156Somalia3.04
157Ukraine3.04
158Russia3.14
159Congo, DR3.21
Africa Avg2.29
World Avg2.07
q=163.
Impact of Terrorism
Lower is better
52
Pos.2019
Score52
1Togo0.00
2Mongolia0.00
3Swaziland0.00
...
128Niger5.60
129USA5.69
130Kenya5.76
131Sudan5.81
132Colombia5.91
133Thailand6.03
134S. Sudan6.32
135Turkey6.53
Africa Avg3.41
World Avg2.78
q=150.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy
Lower is better53
Pos.201953
1Iceland2.40
2=Singapore2.50
2=Hong Kong2.50
...
153Tanzania25.30
154Zambia26.50
155Uganda27.20
156Sudan27.40
157Afghanistan28.30
158=Gambia28.50
158=Burundi28.50
160Comoros28.90
Africa Avg26.10
World Avg14.59
q=184.
Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient)
Lower is better
54
Pos.2017
%54
1Ukraine25.0
2=Belarus25.4
2=Slovenia25.4
...
57Vietnam35.3
58=Burkina Faso35.3
58=Liberia35.3
60Sudan35.4
61=Italy35.4
62Portugal35.5
63Macedonia35.6
64India35.7
Africa Avg42.6
World Avg38.1
q=152.
Multidimensional Poverty
Lower is better
55
Pos.2018
Severity55
1Armenia.001
2Ukraine.001
3Serbia.001
...
78Uganda.269
79Afghanistan.272
80Tanzania.273
81Sudan.279
82Angola.282
83Gambia.286
84Senegal.288
85Nigeria.291
Africa Avg.264
World Avg.154
q=101.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#buddhism #christianity #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion_in_sudan #sudan

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below56:

Christian5.4%
Muslim90.7%
Hindu0.1%
Buddhist0.1%
Folk Religion2.8%
Jewish0.1%
Unaffiliated1%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority57.

Freedom of Religion and Belief: There is no freedom of religion24,25, and religious persecution, based on Islam, occurs at the worst possible rate25; converting from Islam attracts the death penalty58 and blasphemy and "defamation of Islam" are serious crimes58. Marriage and other laws strongly favour Muslims at the expense of others58. No new Christian churches are permitted and officials and security forces are demolishing existing ones24.

Links: