The Human Truth Foundation

Romania

https://www.humantruth.info/romania.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

#romania

Romania
StatusIndependent State
Social and Moral Index42nd best
CapitalBucharest
Land Area 230 160km21
LocationEurope
Population19.5m2
Life Expectancy74.18yrs (2017)3
GNI$30 027 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 CodesRO, ROU, 6425
Internet Domain.ro6
CurrencyLeu (RON)7
Telephone+408

1. Overview

#eu #human_rights #romania

The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)9

Book CoverFortified churches and painted monasteries stand regally amid a pristine landscape. In the cities, former Saxon settlements such as Sibiu and Brasov ooze charm, while vibrant Bucharest is all energy. Beautiful and beguiling, Romania´s rural landscape remains relatively untouched by the country´s urban evolution. It´s a land of aesthetically stirring hand-ploughed fields, sheep-instigated traffic jams, and lots and lots of homemade plum brandy. The Carpathian Mountains offer uncrowded hiking and skiing, while Transylvania´s Saxon towns are time-warp strolling grounds for Gothic architecture, Austro-Hungarian legacies and, naturally, plenty of Vlad Tepes-inspired `Dracula´ shtick. Fish - and the birds that chomp them - thrive in the Danube Delta, bucolic Maramures has the `Merry Cemetery´, and Unesco-listed painted monasteries dot southern Bucovina. And, for the record, the big cities are a blast too.

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)10

The EU has acted on behalf of its member states on many occasions to support, foster, fund and encourage human rights protections in every region of the world, with agreement of its member states through the European Parliament. The protections of workers' rights and their harmonisations (which stops companies moving staff to countries with the weakest laws) has had great effect in stopping workforce abuse11. According to Human Rights Watch's comprehensive review for the year 2017, in addition to vocal and public pronouncements on poor human rights records of many countries, the EU has also acted through economic sanctions, political pressure and used other means to incentivize the adoption of human rights protections, even if these measures harm EU trading12. It is to Romania's credit that it supports the EU in these actions.

2. Romania National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)13
Pos.Higher is better
Value13
1Switzerland0.962
2Norway0.961
3Iceland0.959
...
50Kuwait0.831
51Brunei0.829
52Russia0.822
53Romania0.821
54Oman0.816
55Bahamas0.812
56Kazakhstan0.811
57Trinidad & Tobago0.810
Europe Avg0.87
World Avg0.72
q=191.
Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)13
Pos.Higher is better
PPP $13
1Liechtenstein$146 830
2Singapore$90 919
3Qatar$87 134
...
46Slovakia$30 690
47Bahamas$30 486
48Croatia$30 132
49Romania$30 027
50Greece$29 002
51Russia$27 166
52Oman$27 054
53Panama$26 957
Europe Avg$40 512
World Avg$20 136
q=193.
Social & Moral
Development Index
14
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank14
1Norway29.8
2Denmark30.0
3Finland33.7
...
39Cyprus61.0
40Latvia63.9
41Bulgaria64.7
42Romania65.1
43Lithuania65.3
44Croatia65.4
45Kosovo65.6
46Mauritius67.5
Europe Avg59.3
World Avg87.9
q=196.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Romania's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Romania's population is predicted to rise to 20.29 million by 2030. This rise is despite a low fertility rate, meaning, that this country is helping to alleviate problems with growing population in neighbouring countries by accepting immigrants, very likely as a requirement of maintaining an active workforce. This country has a fertility rate of 1.42. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population2
Pos.2018
Population2
1China1.4b
2India1.4b
3USA327.1m
...
56Niger22.4m
57Sri Lanka21.2m
58Burkina Faso19.8m
59Romania19.5m
60Mali19.1m
61Chile18.7m
62Kazakhstan18.3m
63Malawi18.1m
World Avg39.0m
q=195.
Life Expectancy
Higher is better
13
Pos.2021
Years13
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
...
65Hungary74.5
66Jordan74.3
67Serbia74.2
68Romania74.2
69Cape Verde74.1
70Morocco74.0
71Iran73.9
72Macedonia73.8
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Fertility Rate
2.0 is best
15
Pos.201315
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
...
95Laos2.58
96Malaysia2.58
97Hungary1.42
98Romania1.42
99Japan1.40
100Poland1.40
101Nepal2.60
102Macedonia1.40
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Old-Age Dependency Ratio
Lower is better
16
Pos.2016
Per 10016
1Uganda04.3
2Mali04.5
3=Chad04.7
...
149Iceland32.5
150Serbia32.7
151Hungary32.9
152Romania33.6
153USA33.8
154New Zealand34.9
155UK35.0
156Barbados35.6
World Avg18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants17
Pos.2017
%17
1UAE88.4%
2Kuwait75.5%
3Qatar65.2%
...
129Georgia2.0%
130Guyana2.0%
131Central African Rep.1.9%
132Romania1.9%
133Japan1.8%
134Sudan1.8%
135Albania1.8%
136Pakistan1.7%
World Avg9.4%
q=195.
Emigrants18
Pos.2010
%18
1Dominica104.8%
2Palestine68.4%
3Samoa67.3%
...
47Israel14.0%
48Swaziland13.4%
49Lithuania13.2%
50Romania13.1%
51Iceland13.0%
52Bahamas12.8%
53Estonia12.6%
54Nicaragua12.5%
World Avg11.5%
q=192.

4. Romania's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#antisemitism #equality #freedom #freethought #gender #gender_equality #homosexuality #human_rights #international_law #mass_media #misogyny #morals #politics #prejudice #religious_tolerance #slavery #tolerance #women

Compared to Europe (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1Sweden9.0
2Norway14.5
3Denmark14.5
...
19Estonia42.8
20Portugal42.8
21Poland43.0
22Romania44.1
23Malta46.1
24Bulgaria46.3
25Cyprus46.5
26Switzerland49.5
27Hungary52.4
Europe Avg51.4
q=49.
Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1Sweden9.0
2Norway14.5
3Denmark14.5
...
29Portugal42.8
30Poland43.0
31Argentina43.6
32Romania44.1
33S. Korea45.5
34Malta46.1
35Bulgaria46.3
36Cyprus46.5
World Avg87.9
q=199.

The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Norway and Denmark20. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are The Solomon Islands, Somalia and Tuvalu20.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are statistics on commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, supporting press freedom, eliminating modern slavery, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe20, whereas the worst are Melanesia, Micronesia and Australasia20.

For more, see:

Human Rights & Tolerance:

Human Rights Watch Comments
Higher is better
21
Pos.2017
Score21
1=UK9
1=France9
1=Germany9
...
12Cyprus5
13=Czechia5
13=Denmark5
13=Romania5
13=Estonia5
13=Portugal5
13=Bulgaria5
13=Spain5
Europe Avg3.5
World Avg-1.9
q=123.
Nominal Commitment to HR
Higher is better
22
Pos.2009
Treaties22
1Argentina24
2=Chile23
2=Costa Rica23
...
39S. Africa20
40=Liechtenstein20
40=Iceland20
40=Romania20
40=Bulgaria20
40=Burkina Faso20
40=Norway20
40=Portugal20
Europe Avg19.5
World Avg15.1
q=194.
HR Treaties Lag
Lower is better
23
Pos.2019
Avg Yrs/Treaty23
1Ecuador2.15
2Uruguay2.25
3Tunisia3.65
...
20Denmark5.06
21S. Sudan5.41
22Morocco5.44
23Romania5.52
24France5.61
25Libya5.61
26Germany5.62
27Austria5.68
Europe Avg9.09
World Avg10.02
q=195.
Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom
Lower is better
24
Pos.2014
Rank24
1Hong Kong1
2Switzerland2
3New Zealand3
...
27Slovakia27
28Italy28
29Chile29
30Romania30
31France31
32Japan32
33Cyprus33
34Mauritius34
Europe Avg33.9
World Avg79.7
q=159.
Press Freedom
Lower is better
25
Pos.201325
1Finland638
2Netherlands648
3Norway652
...
38Latvia2289
39Botswana2291
40Papua New Guinea2297
41Romania2305
42Niger2308
43Trinidad & Tobago2312
44Malta2330
45Burkina Faso2370
Europe Avg2044
World Avg3249
q=178.
Slavery
Lower is better
26
Pos.2018
% Victims26
1Japan0.03
2=Canada0.05
2=Taiwan0.05
...
85Kazakhstan0.42
86=Lesotho0.42
87Georgia0.43
88=Romania0.43
89Vietnam0.45
90=Azerbaijan0.45
90=Bulgaria0.45
90=Burkina Faso0.45
Europe Avg0.38
World Avg0.65
q=167.

Amnesty International's 2023-23 summary on human rights in Romania stated:

Concerns over excessive use of force by police remained prevalent. The European Court of Human Rights ruled against disproportionate restrictions to spontaneous protests. Roma and LGBTI people continued to face systemic discrimination. Protesters demanded action to combat sexual and gender-based violence.

"The State of the World's Human Rights 2022/23" by Amnesty International (2023)27

Gender Equality:

Romania has made some steps towards ending gender inequality but much more needs to be done.

See:

Gender Inequality
Lower is better
28
Pos.201528
1Switzerland0.04
2Denmark0.04
3Netherlands0.04
...
69Turkey0.33
70Kuwait0.33
71Vietnam0.34
72Romania0.34
73Mexico0.35
74St Lucia0.35
75Fiji0.36
76Georgia0.36
Europe Avg0.15
World Avg0.36
q=159.
Gender Biases
Lower is better
29
Pos.2022
%29
1Sweden31.830
2New Zealand34.431
3Australia37.031
...
29Cyprus81.831
30Ukraine86.131
31Brazil86.331
32Romania86.631
33Trinidad & Tobago87.430
34Peru89.131
35Guatemala89.631
36S. Korea89.931
Europe Avg69.08
World Avg83.93
q=88.
Year Women Can Vote
Lower is better
Pos.Total
Year
1New Zealand1893
2Australia1902
3Finland1906
...
57=Togo1945
58N. Korea1946
59=Liberia1946
59=Romania1946
59=Panama1946
59=Cameroon1946
59=Macedonia1946
59=Venezuela1946
Europe Avg1895
World Avg1930
q=189.

Prejudice:

Anti-Semite Opinions
Lower is better
32
Pos.2014
%32
1Laos0
2Philippines3
3Sweden4
...
55=Croatia33
55=Botswana33
57Nicaragua34
58=Romania35
58=Cameroon35
58=Paraguay35
58=Kenya35
62Lithuania36
Europe Avg29.9
World Avg36.8
q=101.
LGBT Equality
Higher is better
33
Pos.2017
Score33
1Netherlands103
2Belgium90
3Sweden86
...
44=Greece39
44=Czechia39
44=Slovakia39
44=Romania39
48San Marino35
49=Montenegro35
49=Guatemala35
49=Japan35
Europe Avg46.9
World Avg12.6
q=196.
Freedom of Thought
Lower is better
34
Pos.202134
1=Belgium1.0
1=Netherlands1.0
1=Taiwan1.0
...
44Bhutan2.5
45=Kenya2.5
45=Timor-Leste (E. Timor)2.5
45=Romania2.5
45=Fiji2.5
45=Bulgaria2.5
45=Tonga2.5
45=Niger2.5
Europe Avg2.6
World Avg3.0
q=196.

5. Romania's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #mental_health #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Compared to Europe (2020)35
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank35
1Monaco13.0
2Norway61.0
3=Finland65.3
...
38Andorra97.8
39Serbia98.9
40=Azerbaijan100.0
41Moldova101.5
42Montenegro102.8
43=Romania104.1
44Bulgaria105.5
45=Belarus107.1
46Ukraine107.3
Europe Avg82.5
q=46.
Health (2020)35
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank35
1Monaco13.0
2Hong Kong18.3
3Maldives41.0
...
133Uruguay103.6
134=Guatemala103.8
134=Afghanistan103.8
136Romania104.1
137=Tonga104.1
138Guinea104.5
139=Malawi104.5
140Bulgaria105.5
World Avg93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives36. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau36.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean36, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa36.

For more, see:

Health:

Romania is a pretty unhealthy country. Romania does better than average for its average life expectancy13 (but bad for Europe) and in its adolescent birth rate28 (but one of the worst in Europe). But that's it. Romania has problems. It does worse than average in its suicide rate37, its fertility rate15, its immunizations take-up38, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance39 (amongst the worst in Europe) and in its smoking rate40. And finally, it falls into the worst 20 when it comes to its alcohol consumption rate41. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% over the last 40 years. Life expectancy in Romania improved by +6.8yrs in the 30 years from 1990, less than the global average of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy
Higher is better
13
Pos.2021
Years13
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
...
65Hungary74.5
66Jordan74.3
67Serbia74.2
68Romania74.2
69Cape Verde74.1
70Morocco74.0
71Iran73.9
72Macedonia73.8
Europe Avg78.36
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Alcohol Consumption
Lower is better
41
Pos.2016
Per Capita41
1Bangladesh0.0
2Kuwait0.0
3Libya0.0
...
177Portugal12.3
178=Slovenia12.6
178=France12.6
180Romania12.7
181=Bulgaria12.7
182Latvia12.9
183=Luxembourg13.0
183=Ireland13.0
Europe Avg10.3
World Avg6.2
q=189.
Fertility Rate
2.0 is best
15
Pos.201315
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
...
95Laos2.58
96Malaysia2.58
97Hungary1.42
98Romania1.42
99Japan1.40
100Poland1.40
101Nepal2.60
102Macedonia1.40
Europe Avg1.61
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Smoking Rates
Lower is better
40
Pos.201440
1Guinea 15
2Solomon Islands 26
3Kiribati 28
...
153Armenia1 545
154Turkey1 581
155Slovakia1 618
156Romania1 620
157Tunisia1 628
158Switzerland1 634
159Serbia1 644
160Cyprus1 688
Europe Avg1 648
World Avg 819
q=182.
Suicide Rate37
Pos.2013
Per 100k37
1Haiti0
2Grenada0
3Egypt0.1
...
60=Denmark23.9
60=Germany23.9
62Cuba24.5
63=Romania24.5
64Bulgaria25
65Sweden25.5
66Slovakia25.7
67Czechia28.3
Europe Avg26.99
World Avg20.93
q=91.
Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance
Lower is better
39
Pos.2017
Rank39
1Sweden1
2Ireland2
3Denmark3
...
109Benin109
110Costa Rica110
111Dominica111
112Romania112
113Peru113
114Kenya114
115Haiti115
116Malawi116
Europe Avg47.4
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Overweight Adults
Lower is better
42
Pos.2016
%42
1Vietnam18.3
2India19.7
3Bangladesh20.0
...
114=Portugal57.5
114=Peru57.5
116Albania57.7
117=Romania57.7
118Netherlands57.8
119=Latvia57.8
120Finland57.9
121Macedonia58.1
Europe Avg58.5
World Avg49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate
Lower is better
28
Pos.2015
Per 100028
1N. Korea0.5
2S. Korea1.6
3Switzerland2.9
...
85Trinidad & Tobago31.5
86Morocco31.7
87Botswana32.3
88Romania34.6
89Bulgaria37.7
90Tajikistan38.1
91Vietnam38.6
92Pakistan38.7
Europe Avg14.6
World Avg47.9
q=185.
Infant Immunizations 2011-2015
Higher is better
38
Pos.2015
Avg %38
1=Hungary99.0
1=China99.0
3Uzbekistan98.9
...
97Nauru92.9
98USA92.8
99Latvia92.8
100Romania92.7
101France92.6
102=El Salvador92.4
102=Swaziland92.4
104Palau92.4
Europe Avg92.7
World Avg88.3
q=194.

6. Romania's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #energy #food #meat #over-exploitation #sustainability #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism

Compared to Europe (2023)43
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank43
1Greece50.4
2Italy51.8
3Germany55.8
...
16=Armenia69.5
17Slovakia69.6
18=UK69.6
19Romania72.4
20Czechia77.2
21Georgia78.0
22=Iceland78.6
23Bulgaria78.8
24Cyprus79.3
Europe Avg79.9
q=43.
Responsibility Towards The Environment (2023)43
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank43
1Japan33.2
2Philippines45.0
3Uruguay48.0
...
58=Slovakia69.6
59Ivory Coast70.5
60El Salvador71.8
61Romania72.4
62Trinidad & Tobago73.5
63Mali74.3
64Malaysia74.4
65Vanuatu75.0
World Avg85.7
q=188.
With regard to its responsibility towards the environment, Romania is 61st in the world. This rank is calculated from 7 data sets. Romania does better than average for energy to GDP efficiency44, its forested percent change 2000-202045, its environmental performance46 (but bad for Europe) and in how quickly it ratified the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity. Romania does not succeed in everything, however. Romania does worse than average in terms of its score on the Green Future Index47 (one of the lowest in Europe), the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population48 and in annual meat consumption per person49 (still low for Europe).

Forest Area Change 2000-2020
Higher is better
45
Pos.Total45
1Guernsey82.6%
2Bahrain75.2%
3Iceland64.7%
...
33Kazakhstan9.7%
34Lithuania8.9%
35Estonia8.7%
36Romania8.7%
37Spain8.6%
38Dominican Rep.8.5%
39Greece8.4%
40Réunion8.1%
Europe Avg8.2%
World Avg-0.1%
q=234.

From 2010 to 2020, Romania restored some of its forest cover, adding 6.4%, this was better than the 2.3% that it restored in the previous decade.

Environmental Performance
Higher is better
46
Pos.201846
1Switzerland87.4
2France84.0
3Denmark81.6
...
42Colombia65.2
43Hungary65.0
44Belarus65.0
45Romania64.8
46Dominican Rep.64.7
47Uruguay64.7
48Estonia64.3
49Singapore64.2
Europe Avg69.6
World Avg56.4
q=180.
Energy to GDP Efficiency
Higher is better44
Pos.201444
1Hong Kong26.32
2Sri Lanka20.00
3Panama17.86
...
28Ecuador11.90
29=Egypt11.76
29=El Salvador11.76
31Romania11.49
32=Austria11.24
32=Germany11.24
32=Greece11.24
32=Tunisia11.24
Europe Avg09.80
World Avg09.29
q=119.
Convention on Biological Diversity
Earlier is better
Pos.Total
Signed
1=China1993 Dec 29
1=Guinea1993 Dec 29
1=Cook Islands1993 Dec 29
...
73Greece1994 Nov 02
74Grenada1994 Nov 09
75Kiribati1994 Nov 14
76Romania1994 Nov 15
77Austria1994 Nov 16
78Indonesia1994 Nov 21
79Slovakia1994 Nov 23
80Costa Rica1994 Nov 24
Europe Avg1899 Dec 30
World Avg1899 Dec 30
q=197.
Rational Beliefs on the Environment
Higher is better48
Pos.2011
%48
1Argentina78.3%
2Greece77.6%
3Brazil77.1%
...
79Germany36.1%
80Montenegro35.9%
81Rwanda35.8%
82Romania33.4%
83Luxembourg33.3%
84Togo33.3%
85Benin32.6%
86Bulgaria32.5%
Europe Avg33.6%
World Avg39.9%
q=145.
Meat Consumption
Lower is better
49
Pos.2021
kg49
1Congo, DR03.0
2Burundi03.5
3Bangladesh04.3
...
118Belgium66.2
119Gabon66.3
120Sweden66.9
121Romania67.1
122Malta67.8
123Switzerland68.0
124Micronesia70.4
125Denmark70.5
Europe Avg71.1
World Avg52.5
q=185.
Green Future Index
Higher is better
47
Pos.2023
Score47
1Iceland6.7
2Finland6.7
3Norway6.4
...
36UAE4.8
37Morocco4.7
38Brazil4.7
39=Romania4.7
39=Kenya4.7
41New Zealand4.6
42=Philippines4.6
42=Israel4.6
Europe Avg5.6
World Avg4.8
q=76.

7. Romania's Modernity and Learning

#education #english #intelligence #it_security #maths #modernity #religion #religiosity #research #science #secularisation #technology #the_internet

Compared to Europe (2020)50
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank50
1Finland8.4
2Switzerland15.1
3Estonia15.8
...
29Ukraine47.1
30Bulgaria47.3
31Liechtenstein47.7
32Romania49.1
33Turkey50.1
34Malta51.6
35Belarus53.2
36Cyprus54.0
37Moldova56.3
Europe Avg41.2
q=49.
Modernity & Learning (2020)50
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank50
1Finland8.4
2Taiwan10.0
3Switzerland15.1
...
41Ukraine47.1
42Bulgaria47.3
43Liechtenstein47.7
44Romania49.1
45Turkey50.1
46Malaysia50.2
47Macau50.8
48Chile51.6
World Avg83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

After a decade of stagnation, the 2000s saw the expected duration of education in Romania increase by 4 years, the fourth-highest rise of any country in that decade (although it fell back by 1.3 years in the 2010s). 51

Research & Development
Higher is better
Pos.2016
% RDP PPP
1S. Korea4.2952
2Israel4.1152
3Japan3.5852
...
68Mozambique0.4253
69Thailand0.3954
70=Tanzania0.3853
70=Romania0.3852
70=Montenegro0.3855
70=Chile0.3852
70=Ghana0.3853
75Moldova0.3555
Europe Avg1.32
World Avg0.84
q=126.
Secondary Education
Higher is better
56
Pos.201856
1=Luxembourg100.0%
1=Estonia100.0%
1=Austria100.0%
...
37Marshall Islands92.1%
38Montenegro91.6%
39Australia90.4%
40Romania90.0%
41Botswana90.0%
42Serbia89.5%
43Denmark89.3%
44Israel89.1%
Europe Avg88.3%
World Avg63.0%
q=169.
Length of Schooling
Higher is better
57
Pos.2021
Years57
1Australia21.1
2New Zealand20.3
3Greece20.0
...
79Serbia14.4
80Luxembourg14.4
81China14.2
82Romania14.2
83Antigua & Barbuda14.2
84Morocco14.2
85Sri Lanka14.1
86Brunei14.0
Europe Avg16.1
World Avg13.5
q=193.
Intellectual Endeavours
Lower is better
39
Pos.2017
Rank39
1Ukraine1
2Czechia2
3Hungary3
...
27Greece27
28Serbia28
29Canada29
30Romania30
31Cyprus31
32Ireland32
33Croatia33
34Israel34
Europe Avg31.3
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Maths, Science & Reading
Higher is better
58
Pos.2015
Score58
1Singapore1655
2Hong Kong1598
3Japan1586
...
43Greece1376
44Chile1329
45Bulgaria1319
46=Romania1313
46=Cyprus1313
48UAE1298
49Uruguay1290
50Turkey1273
Europe Avg1417
World Avg1389
q=70.
Religiosity
Lower is better
59
Pos.2018
%59
1China3
2Estonia6
3Czechia7
...
45Kyrgyzstan47
46Kosovo48
47=Tajikistan50
47=Romania50
49Georgia51
50=Armenia53
50=USA53
52Bosnia & Herzegovina54
Europe Avg25.8
World Avg54.3
q=106.
IQ
Higher is better60
Pos.200660
1=Hong Kong108
1=Singapore108
3S. Korea106
...
41=Kazakhstan94
41=Vietnam94
41=Armenia94
41=Romania94
41=Georgia94
46Argentina93
47=Bulgaria93
48Ireland92
Europe Avg96.6
World Avg85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users
Higher is better
61
Pos.201661
1Iceland100%
2Faroe Islands99%
3Norway98%
...
80St Lucia59%
81Bulgaria59%
82=Turkey58%
82=Romania58%
84Venezuela58%
85=Seychelles58%
86Morocco58%
87Colombia57%
Europe Avg76.7%
World Avg48.1%
q=201.
IT Security
Lower is better
62
Pos.201362
1=Ireland0.11
1=Luxembourg0.11
1=Belize0.11
...
16Pakistan0.38
17Taiwan0.44
18Sweden0.44
19Romania0.52
20Turkey0.52
21Poland0.55
22Switzerland0.55
23S. Korea0.56
Europe Avg0.80
World Avg0.98
IPv6 Uptake
Higher is better
63
Pos.2017
Ratio63
1Belgium55.4
2Germany41.8
3Switzerland35.1
...
23Netherlands10.5
24Czechia10.1
25New Zealand9.7
26Romania8.7
27Austria7.5
28Hungary7.4
29Guatemala6.9
30Saudi Arabia6.8
Europe Avg8.11
World Avg3.82
q=176.

8. National Culture

#charity #corruption #happiness #morals #politics

World Giving Index
Higher is better
64
Pos.2022
%64
1Indonesia68.0
2Kenya61.0
3USA59.0
...
107=Georgia31.0
107=Morocco31.0
107=Zimbabwe31.0
110Romania30.0
111=Algeria30.0
112Pakistan29.0
113=Latvia29.0
113=Italy29.0
Europe Avg39.0
World Avg39.6
q=125.
Corruption
Higher is better
65
Pos.2022
Points65
1Denmark90.0
2=Finland87.0
2=New Zealand87.0
...
61Jordan47.0
62=Malaysia47.0
63Armenia46.0
64=Romania46.0
65China45.0
66=Sao Tome & Principe45.0
66=Montenegro45.0
66=Cuba45.0
Europe Avg57.61
World Avg42.98
q=180.
Happiness
Higher is better
66
Pos.2018
Score66
1Finland7.6
2Norway7.6
3Denmark7.6
...
49Belize6.0
50Lithuania6.0
51Slovenia5.9
52Romania5.9
53Latvia5.9
54Japan5.9
55Mauritius5.9
56Jamaica5.9
Europe Avg6.06
World Avg5.38
q=156.
Creativity & Culture
Lower is better
39
Pos.2017
Rank39
1Belgium1
2Netherlands2
3Estonia3
...
28Malta28
29Singapore29
30Spain30
31Romania31
32Costa Rica32
33Serbia33
34S. Korea34
35New Zealand35
Europe Avg35.0
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Open Trading, Aid & Development
Lower is better
39
Pos.2017
Rank39
1Ireland1
2Denmark2
3Sweden3
...
78Guatemala78
79Tonga79
80Latvia80
81Romania81
82Costa Rica82
83Kuwait83
84Belarus84
85Saudi Arabia85
Europe Avg42.6
World Avg82.0
q=163.

9. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index
Lower is better
67
Pos.2023
Score67
1Iceland1.12
2Denmark1.31
3Ireland1.31
...
29Poland1.63
30Bulgaria1.64
31=Spain1.65
31=Romania1.65
31=Taiwan1.65
34Italy1.66
35Kuwait1.67
36Lithuania1.67
Europe Avg1.70
World Avg2.07
q=163.
Peacekeeping & Security
Lower is better
39
Pos.2017
Rank39
1Samoa1
2S. Africa2
3Tunisia3
...
55Italy55
56Mauritius56
57Zambia57
58Romania58
59Vietnam59
60Malawi60
61Brazil61
62Grenada62
Europe Avg84.6
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Refugees & UN Treaties
Lower is better
39
Pos.2017
Rank39
1Austria1
2Germany2
3Netherlands3
...
33S. Korea33
34Mauritius34
35Bosnia & Herzegovina35
36Romania36
37Uruguay37
38Liberia38
39Turkey39
40Malaysia40
Europe Avg37.8
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Impact of Terrorism
Lower is better
68
Pos.2019
Score68
1Togo0.00
2Mongolia0.00
3Swaziland0.00
...
9Mauritania0.00
10Slovenia0.00
11Costa Rica0.00
12Romania0.00
13El Salvador0.00
14Bhutan0.01
15=Trinidad & Tobago0.02
15=Uzbekistan0.02
Europe Avg1.62
World Avg2.78
q=150.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy
Lower is better69
Pos.201969
1Iceland2.40
2=Singapore2.50
2=Hong Kong2.50
...
49Bulgaria6.10
50Chile6.30
51=USA6.30
51=Romania6.30
53Saudi Arabia6.40
54Oman6.70
55Bahamas6.80
56Sri Lanka7.00
Europe Avg4.86
World Avg14.59
q=184.
Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient)
Lower is better
70
Pos.2017
%70
1Ukraine25.0
2=Belarus25.4
2=Slovenia25.4
...
64India35.7
65=Australia35.8
65=Mauritius35.8
67Romania35.9
68=Gambia35.9
69Greece36.0
70Spain36.2
71Laos36.4
Europe Avg31.5
World Avg38.1
q=152.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #religiosity #secularisation

Religiosity (2018)59
Pos.Lower is better
%59
1China3
2Estonia6
3Czechia7
...
45Kyrgyzstan47
46Kosovo48
47=Tajikistan50
47=Romania50
49Georgia51
50=Armenia53
50=USA53
52Bosnia & Herzegovina54
53=Greece56
53=Paraguay56
55Lebanon57
56Panama61
57Venezuela67
58Turkey68
59=Bolivia71
59=Botswana71
World Avg54.3
q=106.
Disbelief In God (2007)71
Pos.Higher is better
%71
1Vietnam81
2Japan65
3Sweden64
...
55=Iran4
55=Mexico4
55=Portugal4
55=Romania4
55=Argentina4
55=Georgia4
55=Uzbekistan4
62Lebanon3
63=Congo, (Brazzaville)3
63=Poland3
63=Jamaica3
63=India3
67Angola2
68=Chile2
68=Central African Rep.2
68=Tajikistan2
World Avg9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below72:

Christian99%
Muslim0.3%
Hindu0.1%
Buddhist0.1%
Folk Religion0.1%
Jewish0.1%
Unaffiliated0.1%

It appears that when asked "What religion are you" many give pollsters the 'correct' answer despite how they actually feel, and despite what they actually believe. Although 99.7% of the populace say they belong to a religion, only 50% say that they are religious when the question is phrased as "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".

For more on this phenomenon, see:

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)73.

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