San Marino (Republic of San Marino)

San Marino Republic of San Marino
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	44th best
Capital	San Marino
Land Area	60km21
Location	Europe
Population	33 7852
Life Expectancy	80.88yrs (2017)3
GNI	$52 654 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	SM, SMR, 6745
Internet Domain	.sm6
Currency	Euro (EUR)7
Telephone	+3788

1. Overview
2. San Marino National and Social Development
3. San Marino's Demographics and Migration
4. San Marino's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance
5. San Marino's Health
6. San Marino's Responsibility Towards The Environment
7. San Marino's Modernity and Learning
8. San Marino's Culture, Peace and Inequality
9. Religion and Beliefs
10. Links

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1. Overview

“Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“This landlocked micronation offers spectacular views from its location atop Mount Titano, a dozen kilometres from the Adriatic Coast. San Marino has been an independent republic since AD 301 when a Croatian stone-cutter built a church atop a windswept bluff here. Of the world´s 193 independent countries, San Marino is the fifth smallest and - arguably - the most curious. How it exists at all is something of an enigma. A sole survivor of Italy´s once powerful city-state network, the micronation clung on long after the more powerful kingdoms of Genoa and Venice folded. And still it clings, secure in its status as the world´s oldest surviving sovereign state and its oldest republic.

The country is made up of nine settlements. Città di San Marino, the medieval settlement on the slopes of 750m-high Mount Titano that was added to the Unesco World Heritage list in 2008, attracts two million annual visitors. Its highlights are its picturesque views, its atmospheric streets, and a stash of rather bizarre museums dedicated to vampires, torture, wax dummies and strange facts.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. San Marino National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better Value11
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
41=	Croatia	0.858
42=	Chile	0.855
42=	Qatar	0.855
44	San Marino	0.853
45	Slovakia	0.848
46	Hungary	0.846
47	Argentina	0.842
48	Turkey	0.838
	Europe Avg	0.87
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $11
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
16	Sweden	$54 489
17	Austria	$53 619
18	Kuwait	$52 920
19	San Marino	$52 654
20	Belgium	$52 293
21	Andorra	$51 167
22	Finland	$49 452
23	Australia	$49 238
	Europe Avg	$40 512
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank12
1	Denmark	27.3
2	Norway	30.5
3	Switzerland	32.2
	...
41	Mauritius	63.5
42	Lithuania	63.6
43	Croatia	64.2
44	San Marino	65.7
45	Israel	66.1
46	Bulgaria	68.9
47	Argentina	69.5
48	Sri Lanka	70.0
	Europe Avg	55.7
	World Avg	88.8
q=199.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. San Marino's Demographics and Migration

#health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #population

Population Datasets:

San Marino's population is predicted to rise to 33 861 by 2030.

Population2
Pos.		2018 Population2
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
188	Marshall Islands	58 413
189	St Kitts & Nevis	52 441
190	Monaco	38 682
191	Liechtenstein	37 910
192	San Marino	33 785
193	Palau	17 907
194	Tuvalu	11 508
195	Nauru	10 670
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
25	Denmark	81.4
26	Cyprus	81.2
27	Portugal	81.0
28	San Marino	80.9
29	UK	80.7
30	Slovenia	80.7
31	Germany	80.6
32	Andorra	80.4
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

• The Population of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

Migration Datasets:

Immigrants13
Pos.		2017 %13
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
28	Ireland	16.9%
29	Cyprus	16.0%
30	Belize	16.0%
31	San Marino	15.7%
32	Bahamas	15.6%
33	Maldives	15.4%
34	USA	15.3%
35	Norway	15.1%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants14
Pos.		2010 %14
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
68	Dominican Rep.	10.1%
69	Zimbabwe	9.9%
70	Haiti	9.9%
71	San Marino	9.9%
72	Burkina Faso	9.7%
73	Slovakia	9.6%
74	Morocco	9.3%
75	Sri Lanka	9.1%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. San Marino's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #freethought #gender_equality #homosexuality #human_rights #international_law #morals #politics #prejudice #religious_tolerance #tolerance #women

Compared to Europe (2025)15
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank15
1	Sweden	5.9
2	Norway	8.0
3	Denmark	8.1
	...
25	Poland	48.8
26	Slovakia	51.0
27	Liechtenstein	52.3
28	San Marino	53.1
29	Greece	54.4
30	Croatia	56.3
31	Andorra	58.8
32	Hungary	59.0
33	Romania	62.6
	Europe Avg	47.37
q=48.

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2025)15
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank15
1	Sweden	5.9
2	Norway	8.0
3	Denmark	8.1
	...
36	Slovakia	51.0
37	Barbados	51.7
38	Liechtenstein	52.3
39	San Marino	53.1
40	Argentina	54.0
41	St Vincent & Grenadines	54.2
42	Greece	54.4
43	Croatia	56.3
	World Avg	86.35
q=198.

The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Norway and Denmark₁₆. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are N. Korea, Somalia and Eritrea₁₆.

25 datasets are used to calculate points for each country, including multiple decades of data on supporting press freedom, combatting modern slavery, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, its average Freedom in the World rating, commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe₁₆, whereas the worst are The Middle East, Africa and Asia₁₆.

For more, see:

• " Which are the Best Countries for Human Rights, Equality and Tolerance?" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

Human Rights & Tolerance Datasets:

Freedom in the World Lower is better
Pos.		2024 Score
1=	Norway	1.0
1=	Canada	1.0
1=	Cape Verde	1.0
1=	Slovakia	1.0
1=	Chile	1.0
1=	San Marino	1.0
1=	Costa Rica	1.0
1=	St Vincent & Grenadines	1.0
1=	St Lucia	1.0
1=	Cyprus	1.0
1=	Denmark	1.0
1=	Dominica	1.0
	Europe Avg	2.2
	World Avg	3.7
q=205.

Nominal Commitment to HR Higher is better17
Pos.		2009 Treaties17
1	Argentina	24
2=	Chile	23
2=	Costa Rica	23
	...
96=	Nigeria	16
96=	Benin	16
96=	Gabon	16
96=	San Marino	16
96=	Cambodia	16
101=	Sierra Leone	15
101=	Chad	15
101=	Tanzania	15
	Europe Avg	19.5
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

HR Treaties Lag Lower is better18
Pos.		2019 Avg Yrs/Treaty18
1	Ecuador	2.15
2	Uruguay	2.25
3	Tunisia	3.65
	...
161	Uzbekistan	13.53
162	Mauritania	13.56
163	Liberia	13.61
164	San Marino	13.63
165	Saudi Arabia	13.73
166	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	13.73
167	Grenada	13.86
168	Bahamas	13.93
	Europe Avg	9.09
	World Avg	10.02
q=195.

Gender Equality Datasets:

See:

• "Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

Year Women Can Vote Lower is better
Pos.		Total Year
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
159	Switzerland	1971
160	Bangladesh	1972
161=	Bahrain	1973
161=	San Marino	1973
161=	Andorra	1973
164=	Jordan	1974
164=	Solomon Islands	1974
166=	Sao Tome & Principe	1975
	Europe Avg	1895
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Prejudice Datasets:

LGBT Equality Higher is better19
Pos.		2017 Score19
1	Netherlands	103
2	Belgium	90
3	Sweden	86
	...
45=	Czechia	39
45=	Slovakia	39
45=	Romania	39
48=	San Marino	35
48=	Montenegro	35
48=	Guatemala	35
48=	Japan	35
48=	Bosnia & Herzegovina	35
	Europe Avg	46.9
	World Avg	12.6
q=196.

Freedom of Thought Lower is better20
Pos.		202120
1=	Belgium	1.0
1=	Taiwan	1.0
1=	Netherlands	1.0
	...
41=	Antigua & Barbuda	2.3
41=	Uruguay	2.3
43	Seychelles	2.3
44=	San Marino	2.5
44=	Liechtenstein	2.5
44=	Fiji	2.5
44=	Niger	2.5
44=	Senegal	2.5
	Europe Avg	2.6
	World Avg	3.0
q=196.

5. San Marino's Health

#health #italy #japan #life_expectancy #longevity #parenting #population #vaccines

Compared to Europe (2025)21
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank21
1	Monaco	12.4
2	Liechtenstein	30.1
3	San Marino	30.6
4	Norway	42.0
5	Iceland	43.0
6	Denmark	44.2
7	Sweden	45.5
8	Switzerland	45.8
9	Netherlands	47.5
10	France	47.6
11	Finland	50.7
12	Luxembourg	52.0
13	Belgium	53.8
	Europe Avg	86.87
q=48.

Health (2025)21
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank21
1	Monaco	12.4
2	Liechtenstein	30.1
3	San Marino	30.6
4	Japan	34.5
5	Singapore	40.8
6	Norway	42.0
7	Iceland	43.0
8	Denmark	44.2
9	Sweden	45.5
10	Switzerland	45.8
11	Hong Kong	47.0
12	Netherlands	47.5
	World Avg	96.86
q=204.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Liechtenstein and San Marino₂₂. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are Angola, Somalia and S. Sudan₂₂.

36 datasets are used to calculate points for each country, including multiple decades of data on its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, obesity rate, its adolescent birth rate, its immunizations take-up and childhood mortality in the 2020s (so far). The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Europe and The Mediterranean₂₂, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Africa and Melanesia₂₂.

For more, see:

• "Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

Health Datasets:

Public health in San Marino is very good. San Marino performs the best when it comes to childhood mortality in the 2020s (so far)₂₃. It comes in the best 20 in its adolescent birth rate₂₄. It does better than average in terms of its average life expectancy₁₁. But, things could still be better. San Marino does worse than average in its immunizations take-up₂₅ (amongst the worst in Europe). The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% over the past 40 years. Life expectancy in San Marino in 1990-1 and 1995 was the second highest in the world (after Japan), at 78.7yrs. It improved this by +4.3yrs in the 30 years from 1990, although less than the global average of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
25	Denmark	81.4
26	Cyprus	81.2
27	Portugal	81.0
28	San Marino	80.9
29	UK	80.7
30	Slovenia	80.7
31	Germany	80.6
32	Andorra	80.4
	Europe Avg	78.36
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Children's Health Datasets:

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better24
Pos.		2022 Per 100024
1	Hong Kong	1.6
2	Denmark	1.8
3	S. Korea	2.1
	...
10	UAE	2.8
11	Liechtenstein	3.0
12	Sweden	3.3
13	San Marino	3.7
14	Italy	3.9
15	Finland	4.1
16	Luxembourg	4.2
17	Slovenia	4.4
	Europe Avg	11.4
	World Avg	43.8
q=195.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 Higher is better25
Pos.		2015 Avg %25
1=	Hungary	99.0
1=	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
158	Tonga	80.0
159	Mauritania	79.9
160	Lebanon	79.4
161	San Marino	79.3
162	Gabon	78.7
163	Micronesia	78.2
164	Philippines	77.9
165	Sweden	77.8
	Europe Avg	92.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Infant Mortality (2020s) Lower is better23
Pos.		Total Per 100023
1	San Marino	2.11
2	Finland	2.59
3	Luxembourg	2.60
4	Iceland	2.64
5	Singapore	2.68
6	Slovenia	2.72
7	Norway	2.78
8=	Sweden	2.87
8=	Japan	2.87
10	Cyprus	3.03
11	Czechia	3.18
12	Estonia	3.39
	Europe Avg	6.30
	World Avg	32.19
q=195.

Throughout the 1990s to the 2010s, San Marino was amongst the 10 countries with the lowest adolescent birth rate; predictably starting with almost the exact same rate as Italy, but making greater improvements each decade.

6. San Marino's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #environmentalism #internationalism #over-exploitation #the_environment

Compared to Europe (2025)26
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank26
1	Switzerland	45.0
2	Denmark	50.4
3	Liechtenstein	56.8
	...
40	Montenegro	97.3
41	Azerbaijan	101.2
42	Bosnia & Herzegovina	103.5
43	Serbia	104.8
44	Armenia	108.2
45	Belarus	116.0
46	San Marino	134.9
47	Andorra	136.3
48	Vatican City	138.3
	Europe Avg	86.45
q=48.

Responsibility Towards The Environment (2025)26
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank26
1	Sri Lanka	34.9
2	Uruguay	43.2
3	Switzerland	45.0
	...
192	N. Korea	132.3
193	Turkmenistan	134.1
194	Nauru	134.4
195	San Marino	134.9
196	Andorra	136.3
197	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	137.5
198	Vatican City	138.3
199	Eritrea	146.2
	World Avg	84.93
q=199.

We have known for a long term that we must protect the environment from habitation destruction, over-exploitation, pollution, and the emissions that cause climate change. In 1998, Greenpeace wrote that "Environment can no longer be meaningfully separated from health, quality of life, democracy, education, economy or trade"₂₇. What countries have been doing the right thing, via legislation and national culture? All countries' current and historical approach towards the environment is gauged via 21 datasets, including multiple decades of data on its forested percent change 2000-2020, its environmental performance, energy to GDP efficiency, its sign-up rate to major international accords on protecting the environment, the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population, reducing annual meat consumption per person and its score on the Green Future Index.

The countries that do the best (Sri Lanka, Uruguay and Switzerland) tend to have avoided the excesses of early industrial countries, and have not yet repeated the same mistakes of environmental destruction - at least, not on the same scale. The regions with the best average results per country are Central America, South America and Scandinavia. The worst are Eritrea, The Vatican City and Timor-Leste (E. Timor), and the worst regions Micronesia, Australasia and Melanesia.

For more, see:

• " Countries With the Best Environmental Records" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

San Marino ranks 5th-worst in the world in terms of its responsibility towards the environment. This is formulated from 21 data sets. San Marino does better than average when it comes to its forested percent change 2000-2020₂₈. And finally, it sits amongst the bottom 20 in its sign-up rate to major international accords on protecting the environment.

Forest Area Change 2000-2020 Higher is better28
Pos.		Total28
1	Guernsey	82.6%
2	Bahrain	75.2%
3	Iceland	64.7%
	...
94=	Barbados	0.0%
94=	Turkmenistan	0.0%
94=	Bahamas	0.0%
94=	San Marino	0.0%
94=	Afghanistan	0.0%
94=	Vatican City	0.0%
94=	Vanuatu	0.0%
94=	Tuvalu	0.0%
	Europe Avg	8.2%
	World Avg	-0.1%
q=234.

International Accords on the Environment Higher is better
Pos.		Total Avg Rate
1	Sweden	83%
2	Canada	82%
3	Norway	81%
	...
190	Palau	34%
191	Angola	33%
192	Iraq	28%
193	San Marino	26%
194	Haiti	25%
195	Andorra	22%
196	Palestine	19%
197	Vatican City	10%
	Europe Avg	62.7%
	World Avg	57.5%
q=197.

7. San Marino's Modernity and Learning

#education #the_internet

Modernity and Education Datasets:

Length of Schooling Higher is better29
Pos.		2021 Years29
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
129	Bangladesh	12.4
130	Samoa	12.4
131	Congo, (Brazzaville)	12.3
132	San Marino	12.3
133	Botswana	12.3
134	Angola	12.2
135	Zimbabwe	12.1
136	Iraq	12.1
	Europe Avg	16.1
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

Technology and Information Datasets:

IPv6 Uptake Higher is better30
Pos.		2017 Ratio30
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
150=	Monaco	0.0
150=	Bermuda	0.0
150=	Isle of Man	0.0
150=	San Marino	0.0
150=	Cayman Islands	0.0
150=	Andorra	0.0
150=	Greenland	0.0
150=	Brunei	0.0
	Europe Avg	8.11
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

8. San Marino's Culture, Peace and Inequality

#internationalism

National Culture Datasets:

Passport Reach (2020s) Higher is better31
Pos.		Total Q31
1	Singapore	192.2
2	Japan	192.0
3	S. Korea	190.7
	...
43	Hong Kong	170.7
44	Argentina	170.5
45	Brazil	170.2
46	San Marino	169.5
47	Andorra	169.0
48	Brunei	166.0
49	Israel	162.7
50	Barbados	162.3
	Europe Avg	160.7
	World Avg	108.8
q=195.

9. Religion and Beliefs

The CIA World Factbook states simply: Roman Catholic₃₂.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems