San Marino (Republic of San Marino)

https://www.humantruth.info/san_marino.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

San Marino Republic of San Marino
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	54th best
Capital	San Marino
Land Area	60km²₁
Location	Europe
Population	33 785₂
Life Expectancy	80.88yrs (2017)₃
GNI	$52 654 (2017)₄
ISO3166-1 Codes	SM, SMR, 674₅
Internet Domain	.sm₆
Currency	Euro (EUR)₇
Telephone	+378₈

1. Overview

“Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.”
CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“This landlocked micronation offers spectacular views from its location atop Mount Titano, a dozen kilometres from the Adriatic Coast. San Marino has been an independent republic since AD 301 when a Croatian stone-cutter built a church atop a windswept bluff here. Of the world´s 193 independent countries, San Marino is the fifth smallest and - arguably - the most curious. How it exists at all is something of an enigma. A sole survivor of Italy´s once powerful city-state network, the micronation clung on long after the more powerful kingdoms of Genoa and Venice folded. And still it clings, secure in its status as the world´s oldest surviving sovereign state and its oldest republic.
The country is made up of nine settlements. Città di San Marino, the medieval settlement on the slopes of 750m-high Mount Titano that was added to the Unesco World Heritage list in 2008, attracts two million annual visitors. Its highlights are its picturesque views, its atmospheric streets, and a stash of rather bizarre museums dedicated to vampires, torture, wax dummies and strange facts.”
"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. San Marino National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better Value₁₁
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
41=	Croatia	0.858
42	Chile	0.855
43=	Qatar	0.855
44	San Marino	0.853
45	Slovakia	0.848
46	Hungary	0.846
47	Argentina	0.842
48	Turkey	0.838
	Europe Avg	0.87
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $₁₁
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
16	Sweden	$54 489
17	Austria	$53 619
18	Kuwait	$52 920
19	San Marino	$52 654
20	Belgium	$52 293
21	Andorra	$51 167
22	Finland	$49 452
23	Australia	$49 238
	Europe Avg	$40 512
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index₁₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₂
1	Denmark	29.1
2	Norway	32.3
3	Sweden	34.1
	...
51	Thailand	73.5
52	Serbia	74.8
53	Barbados	75.5
54	San Marino	76.1
55	Malaysia	76.5
56	Albania	76.6
57	Tunisia	77.5
58	Trinidad & Tobago	77.7
	Europe Avg	55.7
	World Avg	88.9
q=199.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. San Marino's Demographics and Migration

#health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #population

Population:

San Marino's population is predicted to rise to 33 861 by 2030.

Population₂
Pos.		2018 Population₂
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
188	Marshall Islands	58 413
189	St Kitts & Nevis	52 441
190	Monaco	38 682
191	Liechtenstein	37 910
192	San Marino	33 785
193	Palau	17 907
194	Tuvalu	11 508
195	Nauru	10 670
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
25	Denmark	81.4
26	Cyprus	81.2
27	Portugal	81.0
28	San Marino	80.9
29	UK	80.7
30	Slovenia	80.7
31	Germany	80.6
32	Andorra	80.4
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Migration:

Immigrants₁₃
Pos.		2017 %₁₃
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
28	Ireland	16.9%
29	Cyprus	16.0%
30	Belize	16.0%
31	San Marino	15.7%
32	Bahamas	15.6%
33	Maldives	15.4%
34	USA	15.3%
35	Norway	15.1%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants₁₄
Pos.		2010 %₁₄
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
68	Dominican Rep.	10.1%
69	Zimbabwe	9.9%
70	Haiti	9.9%
71	San Marino	9.9%
72	Burkina Faso	9.7%
73	Slovakia	9.6%
74	Morocco	9.3%
75	Sri Lanka	9.1%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. San Marino's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #freethought #gender_equality #homosexuality #human_rights #international_law #morals #politics #prejudice #religious_tolerance #tolerance #women

Compared to Europe (2025)₁₅
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₅
1	Sweden	6.1
2	Denmark	8.6
3	Norway	9.0
	...
25	Latvia	49.4
26	Slovakia	51.1
27	Greece	52.4
28	San Marino	53.1
29	Croatia	54.9
30	Liechtenstein	54.9
31	Hungary	58.5
32	Bulgaria	58.6
33	Romania	61.3
	Europe Avg	47.37
q=48.

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2025)₁₅
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₅
1	Sweden	6.1
2	Denmark	8.6
3	Norway	9.0
	...
37	Slovakia	51.1
38	Barbados	51.7
39	Greece	52.4
40	San Marino	53.1
41	Argentina	53.3
42	St Vincent & Grenadines	54.2
43	Croatia	54.9
44	Liechtenstein	54.9
	World Avg	86.55
q=199.

The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Denmark and Norway₁₆. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are Somalia, N. Korea and Afghanistan₁₆.

21 datasets are used to calculate points for each country, including multiple decades of data on supporting press freedom, eliminating modern slavery, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, its average Freedom in the World rating, commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe₁₆, whereas the worst are Africa, The Middle East and Asia₁₆.

For more, see:

" Which are the Best Countries for Human Rights, Equality and Tolerance?" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

Human Rights & Tolerance:

Freedom in the World Lower is better
Pos.		2024 Score
1=	Norway	1.0
1=	Canada	1.0
1=	Cape Verde	1.0
1=	Slovakia	1.0
1=	Chile	1.0
1=	San Marino	1.0
1=	Costa Rica	1.0
1=	St Vincent & Grenadines	1.0
1=	St Lucia	1.0
1=	Cyprus	1.0
1=	Denmark	1.0
1=	Dominica	1.0
	Europe Avg	2.2
	World Avg	3.7
q=205.

Nominal Commitment to HR Higher is better₁₇
Pos.		2009 Treaties₁₇
1	Argentina	24
2=	Chile	23
2=	Costa Rica	23
	...
96	Nigeria	16
97=	Benin	16
97=	Gabon	16
97=	San Marino	16
97=	Cambodia	16
101	Sierra Leone	15
102=	Chad	15
102=	Tanzania	15
	Europe Avg	19.5
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

HR Treaties Lag Lower is better₁₈
Pos.		2019 Avg Yrs/Treaty₁₈
1	Ecuador	2.15
2	Uruguay	2.25
3	Tunisia	3.65
	...
161	Uzbekistan	13.53
162	Mauritania	13.56
163	Liberia	13.61
164	San Marino	13.63
165	Saudi Arabia	13.73
166	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	13.73
167	Grenada	13.86
168	Bahamas	13.93
	Europe Avg	9.09
	World Avg	10.02
q=195.

Gender Equality:

See:

"Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

Year Women Can Vote Lower is better
Pos.		Total Year
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
159	Switzerland	1971
160	Bangladesh	1972
161=	Bahrain	1973
161=	San Marino	1973
161=	Andorra	1973
164	Jordan	1974
165=	Solomon Islands	1974
166	Sao Tome & Principe	1975
	Europe Avg	1895
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Prejudice:

LGBT Equality Higher is better₁₉
Pos.		2017 Score₁₉
1	Netherlands	103
2	Belgium	90
3	Sweden	86
	...
45=	Czechia	39
45=	Slovakia	39
45=	Romania	39
48	San Marino	35
49=	Montenegro	35
49=	Guatemala	35
49=	Japan	35
49=	Bosnia & Herzegovina	35
	Europe Avg	46.9
	World Avg	12.6
q=196.

Freedom of Thought Lower is better₂₀
Pos.		2021₂₀
1=	Belgium	1.0
1=	Taiwan	1.0
1=	Netherlands	1.0
	...
41	Antigua & Barbuda	2.3
42=	Uruguay	2.3
43	Seychelles	2.3
44=	San Marino	2.5
44=	Liechtenstein	2.5
44=	Fiji	2.5
44=	Niger	2.5
44=	Senegal	2.5
	Europe Avg	2.6
	World Avg	3.0
q=196.

5. San Marino's Health

#health #italy #japan #life_expectancy #longevity #parenting #population #vaccines

Compared to Europe (2025)₂₁
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₁
1	Monaco	14.3
2	Liechtenstein	30.1
3	Isle of Man	32.1
4	San Marino	37.2
5	Gibraltar	40.6
6	Norway	48.1
7	France	49.5
8	Sweden	50.8
9	Denmark	52.5
10	Switzerland	53.1
11	Netherlands	55.2
12	Iceland	55.9
13	Channel Islands	58.4
	Europe Avg	86.87
q=51.

Health (2025)₂₁
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₁
1	Monaco	14.3
2	Liechtenstein	30.1
3	Isle of Man	32.1
4	San Marino	37.2
5	Gibraltar	40.6
6	Japan	41.2
7	Norway	48.1
8	Hong Kong	48.2
9	France	49.5
10	Curaço	49.7
11	Aruba	49.9
12=	Sri Lanka	49.9
	World Avg	97.60
q=213.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Liechtenstein and The Isle of Man₂₂. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Cook Islands, The Marshall Islands and Niue₂₂.

25 datasets are used to calculate points for each country, including multiple decades of data on its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, obesity rate, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Europe and The Balkans₂₂, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Africa and Australasia₂₂.

For more, see:

"Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Health:

San Marino does relatively well in encouraging good health, compared to many other countries. San Marino comes in the best 20 for its adolescent birth rate₂₃. It does better than average for its average life expectancy₁₁. And finally, it does worse than average in terms of its immunizations take-up₂₄ (amongst the lowest in Europe). The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% during the past 40 years. Life expectancy in San Marino in 1990-1 and 1995 was the second highest in the world (after Japan), at 78.7yrs. It improved this by +4.3yrs in the 30 years from 1990, although less than the global average of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
25	Denmark	81.4
26	Cyprus	81.2
27	Portugal	81.0
28	San Marino	80.9
29	UK	80.7
30	Slovenia	80.7
31	Germany	80.6
32	Andorra	80.4
	Europe Avg	78.36
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better₂₃
Pos.		2022 Per 1000₂₃
1	Hong Kong	1.6
2	Denmark	1.8
3	S. Korea	2.1
	...
10	UAE	2.8
11	Liechtenstein	3.0
12	Sweden	3.3
13	San Marino	3.7
14	Italy	3.9
15	Finland	4.1
16	Luxembourg	4.2
17	Slovenia	4.4
	Europe Avg	11.4
	World Avg	43.8
q=195.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 Higher is better₂₄
Pos.		2015 Avg %₂₄
1=	Hungary	99.0
1=	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
158	Tonga	80.0
159	Mauritania	79.9
160	Lebanon	79.4
161	San Marino	79.3
162	Gabon	78.7
163	Micronesia	78.2
164	Philippines	77.9
165	Sweden	77.8
	Europe Avg	92.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Throughout the 1990s to the 2010s, San Marino was amongst the 10 countries with the lowest adolescent birth rate; predictably starting with almost the exact same rate as Italy, but making greater improvements each decade.

6. San Marino's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #environmentalism #internationalism #over-exploitation #the_environment

Compared to Europe (2025)₂₅
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₅
1	Switzerland	45.0
2	Denmark	50.4
3	Liechtenstein	56.8
	...
40	Montenegro	97.3
41	Azerbaijan	101.2
42	Bosnia & Herzegovina	103.5
43	Serbia	104.8
44	Armenia	108.2
45	Belarus	116.0
46	San Marino	134.9
47	Andorra	136.3
48	Vatican City	138.3
	Europe Avg	86.45
q=48.

Responsibility Towards The Environment (2025)₂₅
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₅
1	Sri Lanka	34.9
2	Uruguay	43.2
3	Switzerland	45.0
	...
192	N. Korea	132.3
193	Turkmenistan	134.1
194	Nauru	134.4
195	San Marino	134.9
196	Andorra	136.3
197	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	137.5
198	Vatican City	138.3
199	Eritrea	146.2
	World Avg	84.93
q=199.

We have known for a long term that we must protect the environment from habitation destruction, over-exploitation, pollution, and the emissions that cause climate change. In 1998, Greenpeace wrote that "Environment can no longer be meaningfully separated from health, quality of life, democracy, education, economy or trade"₂₆. What countries have been doing the right thing, via legislation and national culture? All countries' current and historical approach towards the environment is gauged via 21 datasets, including multiple decades of data on its forested percent change 2000-2020, its environmental performance, energy to GDP efficiency, its sign-up rate to major international accords on protecting the environment, the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population, reducing annual meat consumption per person and its score on the Green Future Index.

The countries that do the best (Sri Lanka, Uruguay and Switzerland) tend to have avoided the excesses of early industrial countries, and have not yet repeated the same mistakes of environmental destruction - at least, not on the same scale. The regions with the best average results per country are Central America, South America and Scandinavia. The worst are Eritrea, The Vatican City and Timor-Leste (E. Timor), and the worst regions Micronesia, Australasia and Melanesia.

For more, see:

" Countries With the Best Environmental Records" by Vexen Crabtree (2025).

San Marino is positioned 5th-worst in the world when it comes to its responsibility towards the environment. This is computed using 21 data sets. San Marino does better than average in terms of its forested percent change 2000-2020₂₇. And finally, it falls into the worst 20 for its sign-up rate to major international accords on protecting the environment.

Forest Area Change 2000-2020 Higher is better₂₇
Pos.		Total₂₇
1	Guernsey	82.6%
2	Bahrain	75.2%
3	Iceland	64.7%
	...
94=	Barbados	0.0%
94=	Turkmenistan	0.0%
94=	Bahamas	0.0%
94=	San Marino	0.0%
94=	Afghanistan	0.0%
94=	Vatican City	0.0%
94=	Vanuatu	0.0%
94=	Tuvalu	0.0%
	Europe Avg	8.2%
	World Avg	-0.1%
q=234.

International Accords on the Environment Higher is better
Pos.		Total Avg Rate
1	Sweden	83%
2	Canada	82%
3	Norway	81%
	...
190	Palau	34%
191	Angola	33%
192	Iraq	28%
193	San Marino	26%
194	Haiti	25%
195	Andorra	22%
196	Palestine	19%
197	Vatican City	10%
	Europe Avg	62.7%
	World Avg	57.5%
q=197.

7. San Marino's Modernity and Learning

#education #the_internet

Modernity and Education:

Length of Schooling Higher is better₂₈
Pos.		2021 Years₂₈
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
129	Bangladesh	12.4
130	Samoa	12.4
131	Congo, (Brazzaville)	12.3
132	San Marino	12.3
133	Botswana	12.3
134	Angola	12.2
135	Zimbabwe	12.1
136	Iraq	12.1
	Europe Avg	16.1
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

Technology and Information:

IPv6 Uptake Higher is better₂₉
Pos.		2017 Ratio₂₉
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
150=	Monaco	0.0
150=	Bermuda	0.0
150=	Isle of Man	0.0
150=	San Marino	0.0
150=	Cayman Islands	0.0
150=	Andorra	0.0
150=	Greenland	0.0
150=	Brunei	0.0
	Europe Avg	8.11
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

8. Religion and Beliefs

#buddhism #christianity #hinduism #islam #judaism

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₃₀:

Christian	91.6%
Muslim	0.1%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jewish	0.3%
Unaffiliated	7.2%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: Roman Catholic₃₁.

Links:

A List of All Religions and Belief Systems