Tajikistan (Republic of Tajikistan)

Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan
Status	Independent State
Capital	Dushanbe
Land Area	139 960km21
Location	Asia
Population	7.1m (2011)2
Life Expectancy	69.58yrs (2017)3
GNI	$2 601 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	TJ, TJK, 7625
Internet Domain	.tj6
Currency	Somoni (TJS)7
Telephone	+9928

1. Overview
2. Tajikistan National and Social Development
3. Population and Demographics
4. Politics and Freedom
5. Gender Equality
6. Religion and Beliefs
7. The Internet
8. Public Health Issues
9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries
10. Links

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1. Overview

“The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bolshevik control of the area was fiercely contested and not fully reestablished until 1925. Much of present-day Sughd province was transferred from the Uzbek SSR to the newly formed Tajik SSR in 1929. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992-97. Tajikistan endured several domestic security incidents in 2010-12, including a mass prison-break from a Dushanbe detention facility, the country's first suicide car bombing in Khujand, and armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Attention by the international community since the beginning of the NATO intervention in Afghanistan has brought increased economic and security assistance, which could create jobs and strengthen stability in the long term. Tajikistan joined NATO's Partnership for Peace in 2002, and became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Tajikistan´s awesomely dramatic highland landscapes are testing playgrounds for hardy climbers, trekkers and adventure travellers. Tajikistan is the only Central Asian republic to have so far suffered from civil war, and surrounded by Turkic-speaking `stans´, the only one where Persian is spoken. In a lofty mountain cul-de-sac at the furthest corner of the former Soviet domain, it still regards tourists as relative novelties. But this is not to say it doesn´t have a great deal to offer.

Aside from bustling Silk Road towns and colourful bazaars, Tajikistan´s main pull is the Pamir Mountains, a high-altitude plateau of intensely blue lakes, Kyrgyz yurts and rolling valleys that has impressed everyone from Marco Polo to Francis Younghusband.

The people are enormously hospitable but little English is spoken and transport is irregular. Tajikistan´s tourism potential is further restricted by long winters and infuriating border closures. But the marvels of the Wakhan Valley, the starkly beautiful `Roof of the World´ Pamirs and the breathtaking lakes and pinnacles of the Fan Mountains all make Tajikistan arguably Central Asia´s most exciting destination.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Tajikistan National and Social Development

#human_development

UN HDI (2016)11
Pos.		Lower is better Rank11
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
126	Namibia	125
127	Guyana	127
128	Micronesia	127
129	Tajikistan	129
130	Honduras	130
131	India	131
132	Bhutan	132
133	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	133
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Higher is better Points12
1	Denmark	84.2
2	Sweden	83.7
3	Finland	83.5
	...
68	Qatar	56.9
69	Mongolia	56.9
70	Trinidad & Tobago	56.8
71	Tajikistan	56.2
72	Panama	56.0
73	Philippines	56.0
74	Thailand	55.9
75	Nicaragua	55.9
	World Avg	54.1
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

#demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #overpopulation #population

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)13
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10013
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
59	Bahrain	08.7
60	Syria	09.0
61	Djibouti	09.1
62	Tajikistan	09.1
63	Equatorial Guinea	09.4
64	Kiribati	09.5
65	Guatemala	09.5
66	Saudi Arabia	09.5
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Dominica	104.8
2	Palestine	68.4
3	Samoa	67.3
	...
56	Luxembourg	11.8
57	Jordan	11.3
58	Kyrgyzstan	11.2
59	Tajikistan	11.2
60	Cuba	10.9
61	Mauritius	10.9
62	Greece	10.8
63	Mexico	10.7
	World Avg	11.5
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013)15
Pos.		2.0 is best15
1	Korea, N.	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
123	Lesotho	3.08
124	Namibia	3.08
125	Zimbabwe	3.15
126	Tajikistan	3.19
127	Haiti	3.19
128	Gabon	3.20
129	Swaziland	3.21
130	Bolivia	3.25
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Immigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Qatar	86.5
2	Monaco	71.6
3	UAE	70.0
	...
81	Dominican Rep.	4.2
82	Uzbekistan	4.2
83	Finland	4.2
84	Tajikistan	4.0
85	Kyrgyzstan	4.0
86	Turkmenistan	4.0
87	Georgia	4.0
88	Lithuania	4.0
	World Avg	9.2
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015)16
Pos.		Higher is better Years16
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
122	Syria	69.65
123	Iraq	69.63
124	Kazakhstan	69.59
125	Tajikistan	69.58
126	Uzbekistan	69.40
127	Micronesia	69.27
128	Indonesia	69.05
129	Cambodia	68.81
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)17
Pos.		The Overpopulation of the Earth17
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
98	Bulgaria	7.4m
99	Hong Kong	7.2m
100	Papua New Guinea	7.2m
101	Tajikistan	7.1m
102	Paraguay	6.7m
103	Libya	6.5m
104	Jordan	6.5m
105	Laos	6.4m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Tajikistan's population is predicted to rise to 9.016 million by 2030. This country has a fertility rate of 3.19. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

• The Overpopulation of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

4. Politics and Freedom

#burundi #corruption #eritrea #france #freedom #human_development #human_rights #indonesia #mass_media #peace #politics #slavery

Corruption (2012-2016)18
Pos.		Higher is better Avg Score18
1	Denmark	90.8
2	New Zealand	90.6
3	Finland	89.4
	...
150	Laos	25.4
151	Guinea	25.0
152	Central African Rep.	23.8
153	Tajikistan	23.6
154	Congo, (Brazzaville)	22.8
155	Congo, DR	21.6
156	Myanmar (Burma)	21.4
157	Zimbabwe	21.0
	World Avg	43.05
q=176.

Global Peace Index (2012)19
Pos.		Lower is better19
1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
95	Angola	2.11
96	Cameroon	2.11
97	Uganda	2.12
98	Tajikistan	2.12
99	Madagascar	2.12
100	Liberia	2.13
101	Mali	2.13
102	Sri Lanka	2.15
	World Avg	2.02
q=157.

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009)20
Pos.		Higher is better Treaties20
1	Argentina	24
2	Chile	23
3	Costa Rica	23
	...
85	Togo	16
86	Belarus	16
87	Seychelles	16
88	Tajikistan	16
89	Ghana	16
90	Belize	16
91	Monaco	16
92	Latvia	16
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom (2014)21
Pos.		Lower is better Rank21
1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
	...
80	Bhutan	79
81	Benin	79
82	Brazil	82
83	Tajikistan	83
84	Nepal	84
85	Barbados	85
86	Rwanda	85
87	India	87
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

Press Freedom (2013)22
Pos.		Lower is better22
1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
	...
119	Cameroon	3478
120	Chad	3487
121	Brunei	3545
122	Tajikistan	3571
123	S. Sudan	3620
124	Algeria	3654
125	Ukraine	3679
126	Honduras	3692
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

Slavery (2018)23
Pos.		Lower is better % Victims23
1	Japan	0.03
2	Canada	0.05
3	Taiwan	0.05
	...
90	Azerbaijan	0.45
91	Bulgaria	0.45
92	Burkina Faso	0.45
93	Tajikistan	0.45
94	Indonesia	0.47
95	Ghana	0.48
96	Iraq	0.48
97	Gabon	0.48
	World Avg	0.65
q=167.

The taking of slaves has been an unwholesome feature of Human cultures since prehistory₂₄. Private households and national endeavours have frequently been augmented with the use of slaves. The Egyptian and Roman empires both thrived on them for both purposes. Aside from labourers they are often abused sexually by their owners and their owners' friends₂₅. The era of colonialism and the beginnings of globalisation changed nothing: the imprisonment and forced movements of labour continued to destroy many lives except that new justifications were invented based on Christian doctrine and the effort to convert non-Christians. By 1786 over 12 million slaves had been extracted from Africa and sent to colonial labour camps, with a truly atrocious condition of life₂₆. But they were not the only ones to blame; in Africa internal nations such as the Asantes sold and bought tens of thousands of slaves₂₇.

The abolition of the slave trade was a long and slow process. Until a relatively modern time, even philosophers, religious leaders and those concerned with ethics justified, or ignored, the problem of slavery₂₈. The first abolitionists were always the slaves themselves. Their protests and rebellions caused the industry to become too expensive to continue. After that, it was the economic costs of maintain slave colonies that led the British to reject and then oppose the slave trade globally. Finally, the enlightenment-era thinkers of France encouraged moral and ethical thinking including the declaration of the inherent value of human life and human dignity₂₉. A long-overdue wave of compassionate and conscientious movements swept across the West, eliminating public support for slavery, until the industries and churches that supported it had no choice but to back down.

'Modern slavery' includes forced labour (often of the under-age), debt bondage (especially generational), sexual slavery, chattel slavery and other forms of abuse, some of which can be surprisingly difficult to detect, but often target those fleeing from warzones and the vulnerable.₃₀. Some industries (diamond, clothing, coal) from some countries (Burundi₂₃, Eritrea₂₃, Indonesia₃₁) are a particular concern. The Walk Free Foundation, say that in 2016, 40.3 million people were living in modern slavery₃₂.

5. Gender Equality

#gender #misogyny #politics #women

Gender Inequality (2015)33
Pos.		Lower is better33
1	Switzerland	0.04
2	Denmark	0.04
3	Netherlands	0.04
	...
63	Costa Rica	0.31
64	Maldives	0.31
65	Chile	0.32
66	Tajikistan	0.32
67	Trinidad & Tobago	0.32
68	Azerbaijan	0.33
69	Turkey	0.33
70	Kuwait	0.33
	World Avg	0.36
q=159.

Year Women Can Vote34
Pos.		Lower is better Year34
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
26	Armenia	1921
27	Georgia	1921
28	Ireland	1922
29	Tajikistan	1924
30	Mongolia	1924
31	St Lucia	1924
32	Turkmenistan	1927
33	UK	1928
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchialism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.

Tajikistan has made some steps towards ending gender inequality but much more needs to be done.

See:

• "Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

6. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion

Religiosity (2009)35
Pos.		Lower is better %35
1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
57	Iraq	84
58	Nicaragua	84
59	S. Africa	85
60	Tajikistan	85
61	Malta	86
62	Dominican Rep.	87
63	Brazil	87
64	Lebanon	87
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

Disbelief In God (2007)36
Pos.		Higher is better36
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
67	Angola	2
68	Chile	2
69	Central African Rep.	2
70	Tajikistan	2
71	Turkmenistan	2
72	Indonesia	2
73	Paraguay	1
74	Nicaragua	1
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₃₇:

Christian	1.6%
Muslim	96.7%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	1.5%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Sunni Muslim 85%, Shia Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)₃₈.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?

7. The Internet

#internet #it_security #the_internet

Internet Users (2016)39
Pos.		Higher is better39
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
154	Nicaragua	19%
155	Uganda	19%
156	Zambia	19%
157	Tajikistan	19%
158	Cameroon	18%
159	Pakistan	18%
160	Nepal	17%
161	Mauritania	17%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IT Security (2013)40
Pos.		Lower is better40
1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
	...
41	Saudi Arabia	0.93
42	Malaysia	0.96
43	Canada	0.96
44	Tajikistan	1.01
45	Brazil	1.02
46	Indonesia	1.05
47	British Virgin Islands	1.08
48	Mali	1.12
	World Avg	0.98
q=81.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

8. Public Health Issues

#alcohol #health #mental_health #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)33
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100033
1	Korea, N.	0.5
2	Korea, S.	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
87	Botswana	32.3
88	Romania	34.6
89	Bulgaria	37.7
90	Tajikistan	38.1
91	Vietnam	38.6
92	Pakistan	38.7
93	Haiti	39.3
94	Syria	39.4
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Alcohol Consumption (2010)41
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita41
1	Libya	0.1
2	Pakistan	0.1
3	Kuwait	0.1
	...
48	Malawi	2.5
49	Sudan	2.7
50	Israel	2.8
51	Tajikistan	2.8
52	Kiribati	3.0
53	Papua New Guinea	3.0
54	Fiji	3.0
55	El Salvador	3.2
	World Avg	6.2
q=191.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)42
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %42
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
44	St Kitts & Nevis	96.3
45	Bahamas	96.2
46	Maldives	96.2
47	Tajikistan	96.1
48	Rwanda	96.1
49	Sao Tome & Principe	96.0
50	Malaysia	96.0
51	Croatia	95.9
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Smoking Rates (2014)43
Pos.		Lower is better43
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
83	Senegal	504
84	Pakistan	511
85	Cape Verde	515
86	Tajikistan	533
87	S. Africa	537
88	Iceland	551
89	Norway	556
90	Gabon	559
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate (2013)44
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100k44
1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
	...
11	Armenia	3.9
12	Dominican Rep.	4.6
13	St Lucia	4.9
14	Tajikistan	5.2
15	Venezuela	6.5
16	Malta	6.9
17	Greece	7
18	Paraguay	7.1
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries