The Human Truth Foundation

Bahamas (Commonwealth of The Bahamas)

http://www.humantruth.info/bahamas.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

#bahamas

Bahamas
Commonwealth of The Bahamas
StatusIndependent State
Social and Moral Index101st best
CapitalNassau
Land Area 10 010km21
LocationNorth America, The Americas, The Caribbean
GroupingsSmall Islands
Population0.4m2
Life Expectancy71.60yrs (2017)3
GNI$30 486 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 CodesBS, BHS, 445
Internet Domain.bs6
CurrencyDollar (BSD)7
Telephone+8

1. Overview

#UK #USA

Lucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management. Because of its geography, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US and Europe, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US.

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)9

Book CoverThe Bahamas are ready-made for exploration. ... From pirates and blockade dodgers to rum smugglers, wily go-getters have converged and caroused on the country´s 700 islands and 2400 cays for centuries. So what´s in it for travelers? There´s sailing around the Abacos´ history-filled Loyalist Cays. Partying til dawn at Paradise Island´s over-the-top Atlantis resort. Diving the spooky blue holes of Andros. Kayaking the 365 Exuma Cays. Lounging on Eleuthera´s pink-sand beaches. Pondering pirates in Nassau. There´s a Bahamian island to match most every water-and-sand-based compulsion, each framed by a backdrop of gorgeous, mesmerizing blue.

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)10

2. Bahamas National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Value11
1Switzerland0.962
2Norway0.961
3Iceland0.959
4Hong Kong0.952
5Australia0.951
...
52Russia0.822
53Romania0.821
54Oman0.816
55Bahamas0.812
56Kazakhstan0.811
57Trinidad & Tobago0.810
The Americas Avg0.75
World Avg0.72
q=191.
Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
PPP $11
1Liechtenstein$146 830
2Singapore$90 919
3Qatar$87 134
4Luxembourg$84 649
5Ireland$76 169
...
44Hungary$32 789
45Turkey$31 033
46Slovakia$30 690
47Bahamas$30 486
48Croatia$30 132
49Romania$30 027
The Americas Avg$16 628
World Avg$20 136
q=193.
Social & Moral
Development Index
12,13
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank12,13
1Taiwan28.6
2Norway29.4
3Denmark31.2
4Sweden32.2
5Finland32.6
...
98Antigua & Barbuda88.7
99Paraguay89.3
100Ghana89.4
101Bahamas89.6
102Azerbaijan89.9
103Nicaragua90.8
The Americas Avg81.6
World Avg86.1
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Bahamas's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

The Bahamas's population is predicted to rise to 414 859 by 2030. This rise is despite a low fertility rate, meaning, that this country is helping to alleviate problems with growing population in neighbouring countries by accepting immigrants, very likely as a requirement of maintaining an active workforce. This country has a fertility rate of 1.88. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population (2018)2
Pos.
Population2
1China1.4b
2India1.4b
3USA327.1m
4Indonesia267.7m
5Pakistan212.2m
...
168Maldives0.5m
169Malta0.4m
170Brunei0.4m
171Bahamas0.4m
172Belize0.4m
173Iceland0.3m
World Avg39.0m
q=195.
Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
4Australia84.5
5Switzerland84.0
...
98Georgia71.7
99St Kitts & Nevis71.7
100Ukraine71.6
101Bahamas71.6
102Tajikistan71.6
103Seychelles71.3
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.2.0 is best14
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
4France1.99
5Turkey2.04
...
15Ireland2.10
16Iceland2.10
17Denmark1.88
18Bahamas1.88
19Finland1.87
20UK1.87
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)15
Pos.Lower is better
Per 10015
1Uganda04.3
2Mali04.5
3Chad04.7
4Burkina Faso04.7
5Sierra Leone04.8
...
122Jamaica21.0
123Lebanon21.1
124Trinidad & Tobago21.9
125Bahamas22.4
126Costa Rica22.6
127Israel22.9
World Avg18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants (2017)16
Pos.
%16
1UAE88.4%
2Kuwait75.5%
3Qatar65.2%
4Liechtenstein65.1%
5Monaco54.9%
...
29Cyprus16.0%
30Belize16.0%
31San Marino15.7%
32Bahamas15.6%
33Maldives15.4%
34USA15.3%
World Avg9.4%
q=195.
Emigrants (2010)17
Pos.
%17
1Dominica104.8%
2Palestine68.4%
3Samoa67.3%
4Grenada65.5%
5St Kitts & Nevis61.1%
...
49Lithuania13.2%
50Romania13.1%
51Iceland13.0%
52Bahamas12.8%
53Estonia12.6%
54Nicaragua12.5%
World Avg11.5%
q=192.

4. Bahamas's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #freethought #gender #gender_equality #homosexuality #human_rights #international_law #misogyny #morals #politics #prejudice #religious_tolerance #tolerance #women

Compared to The Americas (2020)18,19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank18,19
1Canada21.2
2Uruguay26.7
3Costa Rica36.7
4Chile40.1
5Argentina43.8
...
27Belize94.1
28Cuba97.7
29Guyana102.9
30Bahamas105.3
31Antigua & Barbuda105.4
32Dominica105.6
33St Lucia116.3
The Americas Avg74.2
q=35.
Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)18,19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank18,19
1Sweden9.2
2Norway14.7
3Denmark14.7
4Netherlands15.8
5New Zealand17.5
...
126Morocco102.8
127Guyana102.9
128Rwanda104.3
129Bahamas105.3
130Antigua & Barbuda105.4
131Dominica105.6
132Kuwait106.7
World Avg87.7
q=199.

The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Norway and Denmark18. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are The Solomon Islands, Somalia and Tuvalu18.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are statistics on commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, supporting press freedom, eliminating modern slavery, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe18, whereas the worst are Melanesia, Micronesia and Australasia18.

For more, see:

Human Rights & Tolerance:

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009)20
Pos.Higher is better
Treaties20
1Argentina24
2Chile23
3Costa Rica23
4Ecuador23
5Germany23
...
147Lebanon12
148Thailand11
149Barbados11
150Bahamas11
151Cuba11
152Guyana11
The Americas Avg16.5
World Avg15.1
q=194.
HR Treaties Lag (2019)21
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Yrs/Treaty21
1Ecuador2.15
2Uruguay2.25
3Tunisia3.65
4Colombia3.68
5Costa Rica4.05
...
165Saudi Arabia13.73
166Timor-Leste (E. Timor)13.73
167Grenada13.86
168Bahamas13.93
169Zimbabwe13.95
170Djibouti13.99
The Americas Avg8.45
World Avg10.02
q=195.
Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom (2014)22
Pos.Lower is better
Rank22
1Hong Kong1
2Switzerland2
3New Zealand3
4Ireland4
5Denmark5
...
45Montenegro44
46Panama46
47Mongolia47
48Bahamas48
49Greece48
50Albania50
The Americas Avg72.4
World Avg79.7
q=159.

Gender Equality:

The Bahamas has made some steps towards ending gender inequality but much more needs to be done.

See:

Gender Inequality (2015)23
Pos.Lower is better23
1Switzerland0.04
2Denmark0.04
3Netherlands0.04
4Sweden0.05
5Iceland0.05
...
75Fiji0.36
76Georgia0.36
77Argentina0.36
78Bahamas0.36
79Thailand0.37
80Myanmar (Burma)0.37
The Americas Avg0.39
World Avg0.36
q=159.
Year Women Can Vote
Pos.Lower is better
Year
1New Zealand1893
2Australia1902
3Finland1906
4Norway1913
5Denmark1915
...
142Fiji1963
143Afghanistan1963
144Equatorial Guinea1963
145Bahamas1963
146Sudan1964
147Libya1964
The Americas Avg1947
World Avg1930
q=189.

Prejudice:

LGBT Equality (2017)24
Pos.Higher is better
Score24
1Netherlands103
2Belgium90
3Sweden86
4Brazil81
5Spain79
...
108Mali11
109Tajikistan11
110Gabon10
111Bahamas10
112Kazakhstan8
113N. Korea8
The Americas Avg26.1
World Avg12.6
q=196.
Freedom of Thought (2021)25
Pos.Lower is better25
1Belgium1.0
2Netherlands1.0
3Taiwan1.0
4Sao Tome & Principe1.3
5Ecuador1.3
...
56San Marino2.5
57Mali2.5
58Costa Rica2.5
59Bahamas2.5
60Liechtenstein2.5
61Ukraine2.5
The Americas Avg2.7
World Avg3.0
q=196.

5. Bahamas's Health

#alcohol #Bahamas #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #mental_health #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Compared to The Americas (2020)26,27
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank26,27
1Antigua & Barbuda75.6
2Brazil82.1
3Cuba82.4
4Canada83.5
5Barbados85.1
...
11Ecuador90.5
12El Salvador90.5
13St Kitts & Nevis91.8
14Bahamas92.3
15USA92.4
16Costa Rica93.8
17Peru96.5
The Americas Avg96.2
q=35.
Health (2020)26,27
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank26,27
1Monaco13.0
2Hong Kong18.3
3Maldives41.0
4Singapore42.6
5Japan51.0
...
90Sudan91.2
91St Kitts & Nevis91.8
92Rwanda91.9
93Bahamas92.3
94Lithuania92.4
95USA92.4
96Latvia93.1
World Avg93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives26. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau26.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean26, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa26.

For more, see:

Health:

The Bahamas does relatively well in encouraging good health, compared to many other countries. The Bahamas comes in the best 20 in its suicide rate28 (one of the best in The Americas). It does better than average when it comes to its immunizations take-up29, its fertility rate14, its smoking rate30, its alcohol consumption rate31 and in its adolescent birth rate23 (one of the best in The Americas). But, there's bad news too. The Bahamas does worse than average when it comes to its average life expectancy11. And finally, it falls into the worst 20 in its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance32 (one of the highest in The Americas). The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% over the past 40 years.

Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
4Australia84.5
5Switzerland84.0
...
98Georgia71.7
99St Kitts & Nevis71.7
100Ukraine71.6
101Bahamas71.6
102Tajikistan71.6
103Seychelles71.3
The Americas Avg72.58
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Alcohol Consumption (2016)31
Pos.Lower is better
Per Capita31
1Bangladesh0.0
2Kuwait0.0
3Libya0.0
4Mauritania0.0
5Somalia0.0
...
69Honduras4.0
70Jamaica4.2
71Sri Lanka4.3
72Bahamas4.4
73Ecuador4.4
74Bolivia4.8
The Americas Avg6.9
World Avg6.2
q=189.
Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.2.0 is best14
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
4France1.99
5Turkey2.04
...
15Ireland2.10
16Iceland2.10
17Denmark1.88
18Bahamas1.88
19Finland1.87
20UK1.87
The Americas Avg2.29
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Smoking Rates (2014)30
Pos.Higher is worse30
182Montenegro4 125
181Belarus3 831
180Lebanon3 023
179Macedonia2 732
178Russia2 690
...
63Mexico 329
62Sri Lanka 322
61Sierra Leone 310
60Bahamas 301
59Bolivia 299
58Congo, (Brazzaville) 294
The Americas Avg 457
World Avg 819
q=182.
Suicide Rate (2013)28
Pos.
Per 100k28
1Haiti0
2Grenada0
3Egypt0.1
4Jordan0.2
5Maldives0.7
6Azerbaijan1.3
7S. Africa1.8
8Bahamas2.5
9Peru2.9
10Kuwait3.6
11Armenia3.9
12Dominican Rep.4.6
The Americas Avg13.57
World Avg20.93
q=91.
Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance (2017)32
Pos.Lower is better
Rank32
1Sweden1
2Ireland2
3Denmark3
4UK4
5Norway5
...
152Trinidad & Tobago152
153Mozambique153
154Cape Verde154
155Bahamas155
156Libya156
157Papua New Guinea157
The Americas Avg94.3
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Overweight Adults (2016)33
Pos.Lower is better
%33
1Vietnam18.3
2India19.7
3Bangladesh20.0
4Ethiopia20.9
5Nepal21.0
...
163Fiji63.8
164Canada64.1
165Israel64.3
166Bahamas64.4
167Australia64.5
168Iraq64.6
The Americas Avg57.4
World Avg49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)23
Pos.Lower is better
Per 100023
1N. Korea0.5
2S. Korea1.6
3Switzerland2.9
4Hong Kong3.2
5Slovenia3.8
...
79Kazakhstan27.9
80Burundi28.3
81Mauritius28.5
82Bahamas29.6
83UAE29.7
84Grenada30.5
The Americas Avg56.6
World Avg47.9
q=185.
Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)29
Pos.Higher is better
Avg %29
1Hungary99.0
2China99.0
3Uzbekistan98.9
4Niue98.8
5Mongolia98.7
...
42Poland96.5
43Libya96.4
44St Kitts & Nevis96.3
45Bahamas96.2
46Maldives96.2
47Tajikistan96.1
The Americas Avg91.3
World Avg88.3
q=194.

6. Bahamas's Modernity and Learning

#education #modernity #technology #the_internet

Compared to The Americas (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1Canada21.6
2USA29.3
3Argentina43.8
4Chile51.6
5Barbados54.2
...
15Peru70.1
16Aruba71.5
17Colombia77.1
18Bahamas80.0
19Cuba80.3
20Cayman Islands82.0
21Dominican Rep.83.4
The Americas Avg81.7
q=41.
Modernity and Learning (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1Finland8.4
2Taiwan10.0
3Switzerland15.1
4Estonia15.8
5Denmark16.0
...
95Kuwait77.6
96Sri Lanka79.6
97Kenya79.8
98Bahamas80.0
99Cuba80.3
100Fiji80.8
101Jordan81.1
World Avg83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Secondary Education (2018)34
Pos.Higher is better34
1Luxembourg100.0%
2Estonia100.0%
3Austria100.0%
4Canada100.0%
5Finland100.0%
...
44Israel89.1%
45Sweden88.9%
46Mongolia88.8%
47Bahamas88.4%
48Ireland88.3%
49Netherlands88.3%
The Americas Avg63.0%
World Avg63.0%
q=169.
Length of Schooling (2021)35
Pos.Higher is better
Years35
1Australia21.1
2New Zealand20.3
3Greece20.0
4Belgium19.6
5Sweden19.4
...
112Gabon13.0
113Vietnam13.0
114Togo13.0
115Bahamas12.9
116Nepal12.9
117St Lucia12.9
The Americas Avg14.2
World Avg13.5
q=193.
Intellectual Endeavours (2017)32
Pos.Lower is better
Rank32
1Ukraine1
2Czechia2
3Hungary3
4Denmark4
5UK5
...
111Togo111
112Belize112
113Algeria113
114Bahamas114
115Bahrain115
116Kazakhstan116
The Americas Avg99.8
World Avg82.0
q=163.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users (2016)36
Pos.Higher is better36
1Iceland100%
2Faroe Islands99%
3Norway98%
4Bermuda97%
5Andorra97%
...
27France86%
28S. Korea86%
29Australia85%
30Bahamas85%
31Puerto Rico83%
32Singapore83%
The Americas Avg56.4%
World Avg48.1%
q=201.
IPv6 Uptake (2017)37
Pos.Higher is better
Ratio37
1Belgium55.4
2Germany41.8
3Switzerland35.1
4USA35.0
5Greece33.5
...
109Qatar0.0
110Kuwait0.0
111Guernsey0.0
112Bahamas0.0
113Antigua & Barbuda0.0
114Venezuela0.0
The Americas Avg3.36
World Avg3.82
q=176.

7. National Culture

#corruption #politics

Bahamas has a good long-term record on keeping corruption low, but things have been getting worse over the last ten years.

Corruption (2022)38
Pos.Higher is better
Points38
1Denmark90.0
2Finland87.0
3New Zealand87.0
4Norway84.0
5Singapore83.0
...
27UAE67.0
28Chile67.0
29Barbados65.0
30Bahamas64.0
31S. Korea63.0
32Israel63.0
The Americas Avg42.97
World Avg42.98
q=180.
Creativity and Culture (2017)32
Pos.Lower is better
Rank32
1Belgium1
2Netherlands2
3Estonia3
4Switzerland4
5Sweden5
...
49Seychelles49
50Grenada50
51Chile51
52Bahamas52
53UAE53
54Thailand54
The Americas Avg80.2
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Open Trading, Aid and Development (2017)32
Pos.Lower is better
Rank32
1Ireland1
2Denmark2
3Sweden3
4Netherlands4
5Switzerland5
...
124Lithuania124
125St Lucia125
126Chad126
127Bahamas127
128Liberia128
129Sierra Leone129
The Americas Avg100.5
World Avg82.0
q=163.

8. Peace Versus Instability

Peacekeeping and Security (2017)32
Pos.Lower is better
Rank32
1Samoa1
2S. Africa2
3Tunisia3
4Egypt4
5Nigeria5
...
91Congo, DR91
92Pakistan92
93Estonia93
94Bahamas94
95Mauritania95
96Nicaragua96
The Americas Avg82.3
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Refugees and UN Treaties (2017)32
Pos.Lower is better
Rank32
1Austria1
2Germany2
3Netherlands3
4Sweden4
5Malta5
...
145Chad145
146Central African Rep.146
147El Salvador147
148Bahamas148
149Marshall Islands149
150Burundi150
The Americas Avg91.5
World Avg82.0
q=163.

9. The Natural Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #over-exploitation #the_environment

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 (2015)39
Pos.Higher is better
%39
1Iceland+205.6
2Bahrain+144.4
3Uruguay+131.3
4Kuwait+81.2
5Dominican Rep.+79.5
...
94Saudi Arabia00.0
95Grenada00.0
96Oman00.0
97Bahamas00.0
98Barbados00.0
99St Kitts & Nevis00.0
The Americas Avg-00.2
World Avg+02.8
q=184.
Environmental Performance (2018)40
Pos.Higher is better40
1Switzerland87.4
2France84.0
3Denmark81.6
4Malta80.9
5Sweden80.5
...
95Kiribati55.3
96Bahrain55.2
97Nicaragua55.0
98Bahamas55.0
99Kyrgyzstan54.9
100Nigeria54.8
The Americas Avg58.8
World Avg56.4
q=180.
Convention on Biological Diversity
Pos.Earlier is better
Signed
1China1993 Dec 29
2Guinea1993 Dec 29
3Cook Islands1993 Dec 29
4Vanuatu1993 Dec 29
5Papua New Guinea1993 Dec 29
...
21Uganda1993 Dec 29
22Belarus1993 Dec 29
23Burkina Faso1993 Dec 29
24Bahamas1993 Dec 29
25St Lucia1993 Dec 29
26Tunisia1993 Dec 29
The Americas Avg1899 Dec 30
World Avg1899 Dec 30
q=197.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#health #inequality #life_expectancy

Inequality in Life Expectancy (2019)41
Pos.Higher is worse41
184Chad40.90
183Central African Rep.40.10
182Sierra Leone39.00
181Somalia38.90
180Nigeria37.10
...
58Costa Rica7.10
57Russia7.10
56Sri Lanka7.00
55Bahamas6.80
54Oman6.70
53Saudi Arabia6.40
The Americas Avg12.03
World Avg14.59
q=184.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#buddhism #christianity #hinduism #islam #judaism

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below42:

Christian96%
Muslim0.1%
Hindu0.1%
Buddhist0.1%
Folk Religion0.3%
Jew0.1%
Unaffiliated3.1%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Protestant 67.6% (Baptist 35.4%, Anglican 15.1%, Pentecostal 8.1%, Church of God 4.8%, Methodist 4.2%), Roman Catholic 13.5%, other Christian 15.2%, none or unspecified 2.9%, other 0.8% (2000 census)43.

The International Humanist and Ethical Union produced a report in 2012 entitled "Freedom of Thought" (2012)44, in which they document bias and prejudice at the national level that is based on religion, belief and/or lack of belief. Their entry for The Bahamas states:

The constitution and other laws and policies protect religious freedom. The constitution specifically forbids infringement of a person's freedom to choose and change religion and provides for the right to practice the religion or belief of one's choice. However, the constitution also requires the government to respect Christian values. And political and public discourse often invokes the country's strong Christian heritage and Christian values.

The government meets regularly with religious leaders, both publicly and privately, to discuss societal, political, and economic issues. Religion is recognized as an academic subject at government schools and is included in mandatory standardized achievement and certificate tests. The country's Christian heritage has a strong influence on religion classes in government-supported schools, which focus on the study of Christian philosophy, Biblical texts, and, to a lesser extent, comparative and non-Christian religions presented in a Christian context. The constitution allows students, or their guardians in the case of minors, to decline to participate in religious education and observance in schools.

"Freedom of Thought" by IHEU (2012)45

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