Egypt (Arab Republic of Egypt)

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	109th best
Capital	Cairo
Land Area	995 450km²₁
Location	Africa, The Mediterranean, The Middle East
Population	98.4m₂
Life Expectancy	71.33yrs (2017)₃
GNI	$10 064 (2017)₄
ISO3166-1 Codes	EG, EGY, 818₅
Internet Domain	.eg₆
Currency	Pound (EGP)₇
Telephone	+20₈

1. Overview

#egypt #tunisia #UK

“The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C., and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub, but also fell heavily into debt. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty with the overthrow of the British-backed monarchy in 1952. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's growing population through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. Egyptian youth and opposition groups, inspired by events in Tunisia leading to overthrow of the government there, organized non-violent demonstrations, marches, and labor strikes in Cairo and other cities throughout Egypt early in 2011. Protester grievances focused on police brutality, state emergency laws, lack of free speech and elections, high unemployment, rising food prices, inflation, and low minimum wages. Pledges by President MUBARAK for the formation of a new government and additional concessions failed to assuage protesters and resulted in an escalation of the number and intensity of demonstrations and clashes with police. In February 2011 MUBARAK resigned and national leadership was assumed by a Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF). The SCAF dissolved the Egyptian parliament, suspended the nation's constitution, and formed a committee to recommend constitutional changes to facilitate a political transition through democratic elections. Following some delays, elections for a new parliament took place between November 2011 and January 2012; however, the lower house of parliament was dissolved in June after a court ruling deemed its formation illegal. Presidential elections held in May and June witnessed the victory of Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohammed MURSI, but elections to form a new lower house of parliament, scheduled spring 2013, have been put on hold by the Administrative Court in order to review legal arguments over the process used to approve the amended election law.”
CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Perhaps no other people in the world say `Welcome´ so frequently - and mean it every time. Egypt´s ancient civilisation still awes, but today's Egyptians are pretty amazing, too. With sand-covered tombs, austere pyramids and towering Pharaonic temples, Egypt brings out the explorer in all of us. Visit the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, where Tutankhamun´s tomb was unearthed, and see the glittering finds in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Hop off a Nile boat to visit a waterside temple, or trek into the desert to find the traces of Roman trading outposts. You never know - your donkey might stumble across yet another find, just as many previous discoveries were made.
Egypt is the most traveller-friendly country in the Middle East. This means you´ll enjoy decent places to sleep and English spoken to some degree everywhere. It also means that if you ever get into a jam, an Egyptian will likely be there to help you out. Then again, an Egyptian will also be there to sell you some papyrus or perfume - an undeniable reality of travel here. But the souvenir sales are a minor irritant when compared with the chance to connect with some of the world´s most generous people.”
"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Egypt National and Social Development

#economics #human_development

UN HDI (2016)₁₁
Pos.		Lower is better Rank₁₁
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
108	Botswana	108
109	Gabon	109
110	Paraguay	110
111	Egypt	111
112	Turkmenistan	111
113	Indonesia	113
114	Palestine	114
115	Vietnam	115
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2011)₁₂
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $₁₂
1	Qatar	$129 916
2	Singapore	$78 162
3	Kuwait	$76 075
	...
101	Jordan	$10 111
102	Dominica	$10 096
103	Bosnia & Herzegovina	$10 091
104	Egypt	$10 064
105	Indonesia	$10 053
106	St Lucia	$9 791
107	Namibia	$9 770
108	Georgia	$8 856
	World Avg	$17 240
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index₁₃_,₁₄
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₃_,₁₄
1	Denmark	27.7
2	Norway	28.3
3	Finland	29.6
	...
106	Paraguay	91.4
107	St Lucia	91.9
108	Andorra	92.3
109	Egypt	92.5
110	Belize	93.5
111	Antigua & Barbuda	93.5
112	Nepal	93.7
113	Indonesia	94.3
	World Avg	86.6
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Egypt's Demographics

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Egypt's population is predicted to rise to 106.5 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 2.65. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population (2018)₂
Pos.		Population₂
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
11	Mexico	126.2m
12	Ethiopia	109.2m
13	Philippines	106.7m
14	Egypt	98.4m
15	Vietnam	95.5m
16	Congo, DR	84.1m
17	Germany	83.1m
18	Turkey	82.3m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy (2015)₁₂
Pos.		Higher is better Years₁₂
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
106	Libya	71.76
107	Moldova	71.73
108	Belarus	71.46
109	Egypt	71.33
110	Suriname	71.28
111	Ukraine	71.13
112	Azerbaijan	70.90
113	Kyrgyzstan	70.79
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Fertility Rate (2013)₁₅
Pos.		2.0 is best₁₅
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
106	Botswana	2.64
107	Kyrgyzstan	2.64
108	Austria	1.35
109	Egypt	2.65
110	Singapore	1.35
111	Saudi Arabia	2.67
112	Portugal	1.31
113	Belize	2.70
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)₁₆
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100₁₆
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
69	Cape Verde	10.0
70	Philippines	10.3
71	Cambodia	10.4
72	Egypt	10.5
73	Libya	10.5
74	S. Africa	10.5
75	Bangladesh	10.6
76	Nepal	10.8
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants (2017)₁₇
Pos.		%₁₇
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
168	Algeria	0.6%
169	Mongolia	0.6%
170	Tunisia	0.5%
171	Egypt	0.5%
172	Guatemala	0.5%
173	Cambodia	0.5%
174	Honduras	0.4%
175	Solomon Islands	0.4%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants (2010)₁₈
Pos.		%₁₈
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
117	Colombia	4.6%
118	Sierra Leone	4.6%
119	Philippines	4.6%
120	Egypt	4.4%
121	Germany	4.3%
122	S. Korea	4.3%
123	Belgium	4.2%
124	Syria	4.2%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#egypt #equality #freedom #human_rights #politics #tolerance

Egypt is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Egypt comes in the best 20 in terms of speed of uptake of HR treaties₁₉. It does better than average for its nominal commitment to Human Rights₂₀. However Egypt performs less well in most areas. Despite having over 118,000 girls in under-age marriages in 2017, the Supreme Constitutional Court ruled against a 2008 law that prohibits child marriage, and violence against women is far, far too common₂₇. It does worse than average in commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₂₁, opposing gender inequality₂₂, supporting press freedom₂₃ and in LGBT equality₂₄. And finally, it sits amongst the bottom 20 for its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice₂₅ and in supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₂₆. Independent newspapers and news websites that the government dislike face arbitrary restrictions, confiscation of equipment and their staff are harassed - Al-Borsa, Daily News Egypt, Masry al-Arabiya and Cairo Portal were all abused in 2017₂₇. "President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi [crushes] public dissent in Egypt"₂₈ and security forces use torture to obtain confessions₂₇.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

Human Rights and Freedom in Egypt

5. Egypt's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #Egypt #health #life_expectancy #longevity #mental_health #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Health (2020)₂₉_,₃₀
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₉_,₃₀
1	Hong Kong	18.0
2	Singapore	41.5
3	Maldives	43.3
	...
122	Jamaica	100.3
123	Cape Verde	100.3
124	Colombia	100.6
125	Egypt	100.6
126	Guatemala	100.6
127	Comoros	101.3
128	Gambia	101.3
129	Uruguay	102.1
130	Guinea	102.3
	World Avg	92.3
q=187.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Hong Kong, Singapore and The Maldives₂₉. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are S. Sudan, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea₂₉.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and Europe₂₉, whereas the worst are Africa, Micronesia and Polynesia₂₉.

Health:

Egypt does relatively well in encouraging good health, compared to many other countries. Egypt comes in the best 20 for its suicide rate₃₁ (the lowest in Africa) and in its alcohol consumption rate₃₂. It does better than average when it comes to its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance₃₃ and in its immunizations take-up₃₄. Egypt does not succeed in everything, however. It does worse than average for its average life expectancy₁₂ (still high for Africa), its adolescent birth rate₂₂ (still low for Africa), its fertility rate₁₅ (still low for Africa) and in its smoking rate₃₅ (amongst the highest in Africa). The prevalence of overweight adults has increased by 14% between 1976 and 2016.

Life Expectancy (2015)₁₂
Pos.		Higher is better Years₁₂
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
106	Libya	71.76
107	Moldova	71.73
108	Belarus	71.46
109	Egypt	71.33
110	Suriname	71.28
111	Ukraine	71.13
112	Azerbaijan	70.90
113	Kyrgyzstan	70.79
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Alcohol Consumption (2016)₃₂
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita₃₂
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
11	Kiribati	0.4
12	Iraq	0.4
13	Brunei	0.4
14	Egypt	0.4
15	Djibouti	0.5
16	Niger	0.5
17	Sudan	0.5
18	Bhutan	0.6
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate (2013)₁₅
Pos.		2.0 is best₁₅
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
106	Botswana	2.64
107	Kyrgyzstan	2.64
108	Austria	1.35
109	Egypt	2.65
110	Singapore	1.35
111	Saudi Arabia	2.67
112	Portugal	1.31
113	Belize	2.70
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Smoking Rates (2014)₃₅
Pos.		Higher is worse₃₅
182	Montenegro	4 125
181	Belarus	3 831
180	Lebanon	3 023
	...
136	Spain	1 265
135	Iraq	1 227
134	Vietnam	1 215
133	Egypt	1 188
132	Albania	1 177
131	Canada	1 154
130	Uruguay	1 135
129	Lithuania	1 124
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate (2013)₃₁
Pos.		Per 100k₃₁
1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
4	Jordan	0.2
5	Maldives	0.7
6	Azerbaijan	1.3
7	S. Africa	1.8
8	Bahamas	2.5
9	Peru	2.9
10	Kuwait	3.6
11	Armenia	3.9
12	Dominican Rep.	4.6
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance (2017)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Rank₃₃
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
70	Latvia	70
71	Liberia	71
72	Kazakhstan	72
73	Egypt	73
74	Burundi	74
75	Cameroon	74
76	Malta	76
77	Guatemala	77
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Overweight Adults (2016)₃₆
Pos.		Lower is better %₃₆
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
	...
157	Uruguay	62.9
158	Chile	63.1
159	Venezuela	63.4
160	Egypt	63.5
161	Andorra	63.7
162	UK	63.7
163	Fiji	63.8
164	Canada	64.1
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)₂₂
Pos.		Lower is better Per 1000₂₂
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
110	Colombia	50.2
111	St Vincent & Grenadines	51.0
112	Cambodia	51.6
113	Egypt	51.9
114	St Lucia	53.9
115	Eritrea	54.3
116	Papua New Guinea	54.8
117	Uruguay	56.1
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)₃₄
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %₃₄
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
88	Argentina	93.7
89	Bulgaria	93.7
90	Serbia	93.5
91	Egypt	93.4
92	Cape Verde	93.4
93	Burundi	93.3
94	Chile	93.3
95	Georgia	93.1
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

6. Egypt's Modernity and Learning

#education #intelligence #modernity #politics #religion #research #science #technology #the_internet

Modernity and Learning (2020)₃₇
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₇
1	Finland	8.0
2	Belgium	9.1
3	Denmark	10.0
	...
76	Ecuador	64.7
77	Thailand	65.2
78	Armenia	65.3
79	Egypt	65.4
80	St Lucia	66.6
81	Bahrain	67.1
82	Kuwait	67.1
83	Kyrgyzstan	67.6
84	Fiji	68.0
	World Avg	69.0
q=180.

Modernity and Education:

Research and Development (2016)
Pos.		Higher is better % RDP PPP
1	S. Korea	4.29₃₈
2	Israel	4.11₃₈
3	Japan	3.58₃₈
	...
46	Serbia	0.73₃₉
47	Hong Kong	0.73₄₀
48	Tunisia	0.68₄₀
49	Egypt	0.68₃₉
50	Belarus	0.67₃₉
51	Mali	0.66₄₁
52	Bulgaria	0.65₃₉
53	Ethiopia	0.61₃₉
	World Avg	0.84
q=126.

Secondary Education (2018)₄₂
Pos.		Higher is better₄₂
1	Luxembourg	100.0%
2	Estonia	100.0%
3	Austria	100.0%
	...
82	Mauritius	66.9%
83	Oman	66.4%
84	Jamaica	66.3%
85	Egypt	65.3%
86	Argentina	64.8%
87	Greece	64.8%
88	Guyana	63.3%
89	Ghana	63.1%
	World Avg	63.0%
q=169.

Length of Schooling (2018)₄₃
Pos.		Higher is better Years₄₃
1	Australia	22.1
2	Belgium	19.7
3	Finland	19.3
	...
93	Armenia	13.2
94	Jamaica	13.1
95	Belize	13.1
96	Egypt	13.1
97	Morocco	13.1
98	Dominica	13.0
99	Trinidad & Tobago	13.0
100	Indonesia	12.9
	World Avg	13.2
q=193.

Intellectual Endeavours (2017)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Rank₃₃
1	Ukraine	1
2	Czechia	2
3	Hungary	3
	...
57	Guinea-Bissau	57
58	Central African Rep.	58
59	Kenya	59
60	Egypt	60
61	Japan	61
62	Malta	62
63	Ghana	63
64	Samoa	64
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Religiosity (2009)₄₄
Pos.		Lower is better %₄₄
1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
99	Malaysia	96
100	Afghanistan	97
101	Comoros	97
102	Egypt	97
103	Morocco	97
104	Thailand	97
105	Mauritania	98
106	Djibouti	98
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

IQ (2006)₄₅
Pos.		Higher is better₄₅
1	Hong Kong	108
2	Singapore	108
3	S. Korea	106
	...
94	Lebanon	82
95	Dominican Rep.	82
96	Madagascar	82
97	Egypt	81
98	Honduras	81
99	Nicaragua	81
100	El Salvador	80
101	Guatemala	79
	World Avg	85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users (2016)₄₆
Pos.		Higher is better₄₆
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
126	Mongolia	36%
127	India	35%
128	Kyrgyzstan	34%
129	Egypt	33%
130	Cuba	32%
131	Micronesia	31%
132	Vanuatu	31%
133	Syria	30%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

Freedom On The Internet (2012)₄₇
Pos.		Lower is better₄₇
1	Estonia	10
2	USA	12
3	Germany	15
	...
31	Zimbabwe	54
32	Sri Lanka	55
33	Kazakhstan	58
34	Egypt	59
35	Thailand	61
36	Pakistan	63
37	Belarus	69
38	Bahrain	71
	World Avg	46.7
q=47.

IPv6 Uptake (2017)₄₈
Pos.		Higher is better Ratio₄₈
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
53	Spain	0.6
54	St Kitts & Nevis	0.6
55	Nauru	0.5
56	Egypt	0.4
57	Mexico	0.4
58	Bhutan	0.4
59	China	0.3
60	Iceland	0.3
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

7. National Culture

#charity #corruption #happiness #morals #politics

Personal Charitability (World Position, 2013-2016)₄₉
Pos.		Lower is better₄₉
1	Myanmar (Burma)	1.25
2	USA	1.5
3	New Zealand	3.5
	...
126	Algeria	109
127	Slovakia	110.5
128	Ecuador	111
129	Egypt	112.25
130	Croatia	113
131	Chad	113.75
132	Madagascar	114
133	Benin	114.25
	World Avg	68.1185897435897
q=156.

Corruption (2012-2016)₅₀
Pos.		Higher is better Avg Score₅₀
1	Denmark	90.8
2	New Zealand	90.6
3	Finland	89.4
	...
101	Armenia	35.0
102	Gabon	35.0
103	Albania	34.4
104	Egypt	34.2
105	Argentina	34.2
106	Niger	34.2
107	Indonesia	34.2
108	Djibouti	34.0
	World Avg	43.05
q=176.

Happiness (2018)₅₁
Pos.		Higher is better₅₁
1	Finland	7.6
2	Norway	7.6
3	Denmark	7.6
	...
119	Namibia	4.4
120	Cambodia	4.4
121	Burkina Faso	4.4
122	Egypt	4.4
123	Mozambique	4.4
124	Kenya	4.4
125	Zambia	4.4
126	Mauritania	4.4
	World Avg	5.38
q=156.

Creativity and Culture (2017)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Rank₃₃
1	Belgium	1
2	Netherlands	2
3	Estonia	3
	...
120	Honduras	120
121	Tanzania	121
122	Zimbabwe	122
123	Egypt	123
124	Burkina Faso	124
125	Dominican Rep.	125
126	Oman	126
127	Mozambique	127
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Open Trading, Aid and Development (2017)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Rank₃₃
1	Ireland	1
2	Denmark	2
3	Sweden	3
	...
131	Kazakhstan	131
132	Bangladesh	132
133	Indonesia	133
134	Egypt	134
135	Uruguay	135
136	Namibia	136
137	Yemen	137
138	Cambodia	138
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

8. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index (2012)₅₂
Pos.		Lower is better₅₂
1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
108	Belarus	2.21
109	Uzbekistan	2.22
110	El Salvador	2.22
111	Egypt	2.22
112	Jamaica	2.22
113	Benin	2.23
114	Armenia	2.24
115	Niger	2.24
	World Avg	2.02
q=157.

Peacekeeping and Security (2017)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Rank₃₃
1	Samoa	1
2	S. Africa	2
3	Tunisia	3
4	Egypt	4
5	Nigeria	5
6	Uruguay	6
7	Indonesia	7
8	Brunei	8
9	Moldova	9
10	Morocco	10
11	Oman	11
12	Tanzania	12
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Refugees and UN Treaties (2017)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Rank₃₃
1	Austria	1
2	Germany	2
3	Netherlands	3
	...
117	Saudi Arabia	117
118	Lesotho	118
119	Oman	119
120	Egypt	120
121	Colombia	121
122	Honduras	122
123	Guinea	123
124	Congo, (Brazzaville)	124
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Impact of Terrorism (2019)₅₃
Pos.		Lower is better Score₅₃
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
	...
137	Central African Rep.	6.62
138	Mali	6.65
139	Libya	6.77
140	Egypt	6.79
141	Congo, DR	7.04
142	Philippines	7.14
143	Yemen	7.26
144	India	7.52
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

9. The Natural Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #over-exploitation #the_environment

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 (2015)₅₄
Pos.		Higher is better %₅₄
1	Iceland	205.6
2	Bahrain	144.4
3	Uruguay	131.3
4	Kuwait	81.2
5	Dominican Rep.	79.5
6	Egypt	65.9
7	Vietnam	65.6
8	Ireland	62.2
9	Tunisia	61.9
10	Cuba	56.9
11	Cape Verde	55.7
12	Rwanda	50.9
	World Avg	02.8
q=184.

Environmental Performance (2018)₅₅
Pos.		Higher is better₅₅
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
	...
63	Armenia	62.1
64	Peru	61.9
65	Montenegro	61.3
66	Egypt	61.2
67	Lebanon	61.1
68	Macedonia	61.1
69	Brazil	60.7
70	Sri Lanka	60.6
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

Energy to GDP Efficiency (2014)₅₆
Pos.		Higher is better₅₆
1	Hong Kong	26.32
2	Sri Lanka	20.00
3	Panama	17.86
	...
26	Portugal	12.35
27	Botswana	12.35
28	Ecuador	11.90
29	Egypt	11.76
30	El Salvador	11.76
31	Romania	11.49
32	Austria	11.24
33	Germany	11.24
	World Avg	09.29
q=119.

Convention on Biological Diversity
Pos.		Earlier is better Signed
1	China	1993 Dec 29
2	Guinea	1993 Dec 29
3	Cook Islands	1993 Dec 29
	...
57	Bangladesh	1994 Aug 01
58	Luxembourg	1994 Aug 07
59	Georgia	1994 Aug 31
60	Egypt	1994 Aug 31
61	UK	1994 Sep 01
62	Chad	1994 Sep 05
63	Gambia	1994 Sep 08
64	Micronesia	1994 Sep 18
	World Avg	1899 Dec 30
q=197.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy (2019)₅₇
Pos.		Higher is worse₅₇
184	Chad	40.90
183	Central African Rep.	40.10
182	Sierra Leone	39.00
	...
97	Solomon Islands	12.10
96	Palestine	12.00
95	Panama	12.00
94	Egypt	11.60
93	Ecuador	11.50
92	N. Korea	11.50
91	Kyrgyzstan	11.30
90	St Vincent & Grenadines	11.30
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) (2017)₅₈
Pos.		Lower is better %₅₈
1	Ukraine	25.0
2	Belarus	25.4
3	Slovenia	25.4
	...
26	Croatia	31.1
27	S. Korea	31.6
28	Germany	31.7
29	Egypt	31.8
30	Ireland	31.8
31	Lebanon	31.8
32	Montenegro	31.9
33	Japan	32.1
	World Avg	38.1
q=152.

Multidimensional Poverty (2018)₅₉
Pos.		Lower is better Severity₅₉
1	Armenia	.001
2	Ukraine	.001
3	Serbia	.001
	...
28	Jamaica	.018
29	Paraguay	.019
30	Vietnam	.019
31	Egypt	.019
32	Colombia	.020
33	Philippines	.024
34	Mexico	.025
35	S. Africa	.025
	World Avg	.154
q=101.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #egypt #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion

Religiosity (2009)₄₄
Pos.		Lower is better %₄₄
1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
99	Malaysia	96
100	Afghanistan	97
101	Comoros	97
102	Egypt	97
103	Morocco	97
104	Thailand	97
105	Mauritania	98
106	Djibouti	98
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

Disbelief In God (2007)₆₀
Pos.		Higher is better %₆₀
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
114	Kenya	0
115	Ethiopia	0
116	Afghanistan	0
117	Egypt	0
118	Liberia	0
119	Libya	0
120	Ivory Coast	0
121	Pakistan	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₆₁:

Christian	5.1%
Muslim	94.9%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	0.1%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%₆₂.

When it comes to religious freedom and persecution, sociologists Grim & Finke place Egypt into the worst category, along with just 13 other countries. In this category, severe restrictions on religious freedom and freedom of belief stem simultaneously from top-down pressure from government and institutionalized religion, and from bottom-up grassroots movements that often go even further than the government in harrassing those who do not believe the right things (2011)₆₃.The International Humanist and Ethical Union produced a report in 2012 entitled "Freedom of Thought" (2012)₆₄, in which they document bias and prejudice at the national level that is based on religion, belief and/or lack of belief. Their entry for Egypt states:

“The constitution and other laws and policies protect freedom of religion or belief. However, Article 98(f) of the country's penal code, as amended by law 147/2006, states that "whoever makes use of religion in propagating, either by words, in writing, or in any other means, extreme ideas for the purpose of inciting strife, ridiculing or insulting a heavenly religion or a sect following it, or damaging national unity" should be punished with between six months and five years imprisonment, and/or a fine between five hundred and one thousand pounds. The constitutional situation remains unclear and fluid with continuing political upheaval following the democratic revolution. There has been a marked increase in blasphemy charges in the past year directed at atheist and Coptic Christians, especially since the YouTube video "Innocence of Muslims" (produced by Coptic emigrants from Egypt) was publicized in the country.
Cases of Discrimination
On February 22nd, 2007 An Egyptian court sentenced a blogger, Abdel Kareem Soliman, to four years' prison for insulting Islam and the president. Soliman's trial was the first time that a blogger had been prosecuted in Egypt. He had used his web log to criticise the country's top Islamic institution, al-Azhar university and President Hosni Mubarak, whom he called a dictator.
On Oct. 27, 2007, blogger Kareem Amer was sentenced for Facebook posts deemed offensive to Islam, along with being seditious toward Hosni Mubarak. He was released on Nov. 17, 2010, upon which he was re-detained by security forces and allegedly tortured.
On Oct. 12, 2011, a court gave Ayman Yusef Mansur, 24, a three-year prison sentence with hard labor because he allegedly intentionally insulted the dignity of the Islamic religion with criticism on Facebook. The court did not make available what exactly Mansur posted on Facebook to draw the sentence.
In February 2012, a Christian school secretary named Makram Diab was sentenced to six years in prison for "insulting the Prophet Muhammad." A mob of 2,500 Muslims rallied outside the courthouse and demanded Diab be sentenced to death. Diab was apparently convicted on the testimony of Muslim colleagues, who stated he had made offensive remarks.
On 4 April 2012, An Egyptian court sentenced 17-year-old Christian boy, Gamal Abdou Massoud, to three years in jail for publishing cartoons on his Facebook page that "mocked" Islam and the Prophet Mohammad. Massoud was also accused of distributing some of his cartoons to his school friends in a village in the southern city of Assiut, home to a large Christian population. The child's court in Assiut sentenced Gamal Abdou Massoud to three years in prison "after he insulted Islam and published and distributed pictures that insulted Islam and its Prophet," the court said in a statement seen by Reuters. The cartoons, published by Massoud in December, had already prompted some Muslims to attack Christians, with several Christian houses burned and several people injured in the violence.
September 2012 also saw riots across Egypt over the YouTube video "Innocence of Muslims", which offended Muslims with its portrayal of the Prophet Mohammad. As a result, in November an Egyptian court convicted, in absentia, seven Coptic Christians, allegedly involved in the production of the movie, for "insulting the Islamic religion through participating in producing and offering a movie that insults Islam and its prophet." At the same time, the court convicted an American Christian pastor, Terry Jones, for burning the Qur'an on YouTube. All eight were sentenced to death, but they are all living abroad in countries that are not expected to extradite them to Egypt.
On September 14, 2012, during the riots over the "Innocence of Muslims", Alber Saber was arrested after a mob formed outside his home and demanded his arrest for insulting religion. Saber is a twenty-seven-year-old prominent activist for secular democracy in Egypt. Raised in a Coptic Christian household, Saber is an atheist who reportedly operates the Egyptian Atheists page on Facebook and has been a vocal critic of fundamentalist Islam. Saber was reportedly beaten after a prison guard announced his charges to others in Saber's cell. He faces between six months and five years in prison and/or a fine between five hundred and one thousand pounds. His trial is currently ongoing.
In late July 2012 a Coptic Christian teacher, Bishoy Kamel, 32, was arrested in the southern governorate of Sohag over an accusation that he posted images "insulting" to Islam on his Facebook page. Police were reported by al-Ahram newspaper as saying Kamel could be charged with blasphemy and would face up to five years in prison if convicted. The images he allegedly posted were cartoons depicting the Prophet Mohamed and Egypt's new President Mohamed Morsi. Mohamed Safwat, who filed the charges against Kamel, reportedly argued that that the teacher had also "insulted members of his own family." Kamel admitted to managing the Facebook page under investigation but denied the charges, claiming his account had been hacked. In September 2012 Kamel was sentenced to six years in prison for blasphemy
”
"Freedom of Thought" by IHEU (2012)₆₅

Freedom of Religion and Belief: Discriminatory laws serve to restrict Christian churches from operating₂₇, and there is frequently violence against churches. When attacks occur, the government has sponsored "customary reconciliation" sessions rather than conduct criminal investigations and prosecutions against Muslims₂₇.

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