The Human Truth Foundation

Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti)

http://www.humantruth.info/djibouti.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

#atheism #bahá'í_faith #djibouti

Djibouti
Republic of Djibouti
StatusIndependent State
Social and Moral Index164th best
CapitalDjibouti
Land Area 23 180km21
LocationAfrica
Population1.0m2
Life Expectancy62.30yrs (2017)3
GNI$5 025 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 CodesDJ, DJI, 2625
Internet Domain.dj6
CurrencyFranc (DJF)7
Telephone+2538

1. Overview

#france #USA

The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afar minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to begin a third term in 2011. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and serves as an important shipping portal for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands and transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government holds longstanding ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, and has strong ties with the United States. Djibouti hosts several thousand members of US armed services at US-run Camp Lemonnier.

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)9

Book CoverDjibouti, a tiny speck of a country, packs a big punch, making up for its diminutive size with austere beauty, other wordly landscapes and geological oddities. Few countries in the world offer such weird landscapes as Djibouti. Think salt lakes, extinct volcanoes, sunken plains, limestone chimneys belching out puffs of steam, basaltic plateaus and majestic canyons. This comes courtesy of Djibouti's location, straddling the intersection of three diverging tectonic plates, on the edge of the Red Sea.

Outdoor adventure comes in many forms here, with superb and challenging hiking opportunities. Then, after extending yourself in the rugged beauty of the interior, there is diving and kitesurfing on the Red Sea - not to mention snorkelling alongside mighty whale sharks in the Gulf of Tadjoura.Barring Djibouti City, the country is refreshingly devoid of large-scale development. It's all about ecotravel, with some great sustainable stays in the hinterland that provide a fascinating glimpse into rural life. Travelling independently around Djibouti may not come cheap, but despite the high cost of living you´ll leave this corner of Africa with new experiences and wonderful memories.

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)10

2. Djibouti National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Value11
1Switzerland0.962
2Norway0.961
3Iceland0.959
4Hong Kong0.952
5Australia0.951
...
168Lesotho0.514
169Malawi0.512
170Senegal0.511
171Djibouti0.509
172Sudan0.508
173Madagascar0.501
Africa Avg0.56
World Avg0.72
q=191.
Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
PPP $11
1Liechtenstein$146 830
2Singapore$90 919
3Qatar$87 134
4Luxembourg$84 649
5Ireland$76 169
...
137Honduras$5 298
138Ivory Coast$5 217
139Mauritania$5 075
140Djibouti$5 025
141Venezuela$4 811
142Nigeria$4 790
Africa Avg$5 339
World Avg$20 136
q=193.
Social & Moral
Development Index
12,13
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank12,13
1Taiwan28.6
2Norway29.4
3Denmark31.2
4Sweden32.2
5Finland32.6
...
161Cameroon112.1
162Nigeria112.1
163Myanmar (Burma)112.8
164Djibouti113.2
165Pakistan114.0
166Niger115.5
Africa Avg108.3
World Avg86.1
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Djibouti's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Djibouti's population is predicted to rise to 1.263 million by 2030. This country has a fertility rate of 3.61. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population (2018)2
Pos.
Population2
1China1.4b
2India1.4b
3USA327.1m
4Indonesia267.7m
5Pakistan212.2m
...
155Mauritius1.3m
156Cyprus1.2m
157Swaziland1.1m
158Djibouti1.0m
159Fiji0.9m
160Comoros0.8m
World Avg39.0m
q=195.
Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
4Australia84.5
5Switzerland84.0
...
162Malawi62.9
163Uganda62.7
164S. Africa62.3
165Djibouti62.3
166Gambia62.1
167Afghanistan62.0
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.2.0 is best14
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
4France1.99
5Turkey2.04
...
131Pakistan3.25
132Micronesia3.33
133Sao Tome & Principe3.52
134Djibouti3.61
135Vanuatu3.77
136Samoa3.77
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)15
Pos.Lower is better
Per 10015
1Uganda04.3
2Mali04.5
3Chad04.7
4Burkina Faso04.7
5Sierra Leone04.8
...
58Pakistan08.6
59Bahrain08.7
60Syria09.0
61Djibouti09.1
62Tajikistan09.1
63Equatorial Guinea09.4
World Avg18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants (2017)16
Pos.
%16
1UAE88.4%
2Kuwait75.5%
3Qatar65.2%
4Liechtenstein65.1%
5Monaco54.9%
...
46Libya12.4%
47France12.2%
48Barbados12.1%
49Djibouti12.1%
50Netherlands12.1%
51Slovenia11.8%
World Avg9.4%
q=195.
Emigrants (2010)17
Pos.
%17
1Dominica104.8%
2Palestine68.4%
3Samoa67.3%
4Grenada65.5%
5St Kitts & Nevis61.1%
...
160Libya1.7%
161Gabon1.7%
162Vanuatu1.6%
163Djibouti1.5%
164Timor-Leste (E. Timor)1.4%
165Zambia1.4%
World Avg11.5%
q=192.

4. Djibouti's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freethought #gender_equality #homosexuality #human_rights #international_law #mass_media #morals #politics #prejudice #religious_tolerance #slavery #tolerance #women

Compared to Africa (2020)18,19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank18,19
1S. Africa56.3
2Seychelles67.0
3Namibia69.7
4Mauritius72.6
5Senegal74.0
...
46Zimbabwe134.5
47Angola136.2
48Eritrea139.8
49Djibouti140.9
50Comoros141.2
51Swaziland142.0
52Mauritania144.7
Africa Avg108.4
q=54.
Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)18,19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank18,19
1Sweden9.2
2Norway14.7
3Denmark14.7
4Netherlands15.8
5New Zealand17.5
...
185Kiribati138.4
186Eritrea139.8
187Afghanistan140.8
188Djibouti140.9
189Comoros141.2
190Pakistan141.5
191Swaziland142.0
World Avg87.7
q=199.

The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Norway and Denmark18. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are The Solomon Islands, Somalia and Tuvalu18.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are statistics on commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, supporting press freedom, eliminating modern slavery, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe18, whereas the worst are Melanesia, Micronesia and Australasia18.

For more, see:

Human Rights & Tolerance:

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009)20
Pos.Higher is better
Treaties20
1Argentina24
2Chile23
3Costa Rica23
4Ecuador23
5Germany23
...
133Equatorial Guinea13
134Antigua & Barbuda13
135Nepal13
136Djibouti13
137Ethiopia12
138Haiti12
Africa Avg14.8
World Avg15.1
q=194.
HR Treaties Lag (2019)21
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Yrs/Treaty21
1Ecuador2.15
2Uruguay2.25
3Tunisia3.65
4Colombia3.68
5Costa Rica4.05
...
167Grenada13.86
168Bahamas13.93
169Zimbabwe13.95
170Djibouti13.99
171St Lucia14.11
172Montenegro14.20
Africa Avg9.88
World Avg10.02
q=195.
Press Freedom (2013)22
Pos.Lower is better22
1Finland638
2Netherlands648
3Norway652
4Luxembourg668
5Andorra682
...
163Uzbekistan6039
164Bahrain6275
165Equatorial Guinea6720
166Djibouti6740
167Laos6799
168Yemen6922
Africa Avg3511
World Avg3249
q=178.
Slavery (2018)23
Pos.Lower is better
% Victims23
1Japan0.03
2Canada0.05
3Taiwan0.05
4Australia0.06
5New Zealand0.06
...
125Kenya0.69
126Albania0.69
127Malaysia0.69
128Djibouti0.71
129Angola0.72
130Syria0.73
Africa Avg0.96
World Avg0.65
q=167.

Gender Equality:

See:

Year Women Can Vote
Pos.Lower is better
Year
1New Zealand1893
2Australia1902
3Finland1906
4Norway1913
5Denmark1915
...
176Iraq1980
177Vanuatu1980
178Liechtenstein1984
179Djibouti1986
180Central African Rep.1986
181Namibia1989
Africa Avg1961
World Avg1930
q=189.

Prejudice:

LGBT Equality (2017)24
Pos.Higher is better
Score24
1Netherlands103
2Belgium90
3Sweden86
4Brazil81
5Spain79
...
104Kyrgyzstan15
105Jordan12
106China12
107Djibouti11
108Mali11
109Tajikistan11
Africa Avg-10.4
World Avg12.6
q=196.
Freedom of Thought (2021)25
Pos.Lower is better25
1Belgium1.0
2Netherlands1.0
3Taiwan1.0
4Sao Tome & Principe1.3
5Ecuador1.3
...
121Bosnia & Herzegovina3.3
122Croatia3.3
123Singapore3.3
124Djibouti3.3
125Dominican Rep.3.3
126Cameroon3.3
Africa Avg3.1
World Avg3.0
q=196.

5. Djibouti's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #Djibouti #health #life_expectancy #longevity #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Compared to Africa (2020)26,27
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank26,27
1Mauritius64.5
2Morocco73.1
3Eritrea77.0
4Tunisia80.1
5Algeria87.3
...
9Rwanda91.9
10Ethiopia93.3
11Sao Tome & Principe93.6
12Djibouti95.7
13Cape Verde97.3
14Seychelles97.3
15Gambia101.3
Africa Avg108.2
q=54.
Health (2020)26,27
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank26,27
1Monaco13.0
2Hong Kong18.3
3Maldives41.0
4Singapore42.6
5Japan51.0
...
102Lebanon95.4
103Russia95.5
104Georgia95.6
105Djibouti95.7
106Indonesia95.8
107Peru96.5
108St Vincent & Grenadines96.8
World Avg93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives26. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau26.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean26, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa26.

For more, see:

Health:

Djibouti has some poor policies and cultural issues which cause some public health problems. Djibouti comes in the best 20 when it comes to its alcohol consumption rate28. It does better than average when it comes to its adolescent birth rate29 and in its smoking rate30 (but high for Africa). Djibouti doesn't do so well in other areas. Djibouti does worse than average in its fertility rate14 (still low for Africa), its immunizations take-up31 and in its average life expectancy11. The prevalence of overweight adults has increased by 14% during the past 40 years.

Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
4Australia84.5
5Switzerland84.0
...
162Malawi62.9
163Uganda62.7
164S. Africa62.3
165Djibouti62.3
166Gambia62.1
167Afghanistan62.0
Africa Avg62.79
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Alcohol Consumption (2016)28
Pos.Lower is better
Per Capita28
1Bangladesh0.0
2Kuwait0.0
3Libya0.0
4Mauritania0.0
5Somalia0.0
...
12Iraq0.4
13Brunei0.4
14Egypt0.4
15Djibouti0.5
16Niger0.5
17Sudan0.5
Africa Avg4.8
World Avg6.2
q=189.
Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.2.0 is best14
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
4France1.99
5Turkey2.04
...
131Pakistan3.25
132Micronesia3.33
133Sao Tome & Principe3.52
134Djibouti3.61
135Vanuatu3.77
136Samoa3.77
Africa Avg4.31
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Smoking Rates (2014)30
Pos.Higher is worse30
182Montenegro4 125
181Belarus3 831
180Lebanon3 023
179Macedonia2 732
178Russia2 690
...
80Angola 489
79Nicaragua 488
78Ivory Coast 477
77Djibouti 476
76Syria 459
75Botswana 449
Africa Avg 340
World Avg 819
q=182.
Overweight Adults (2016)32
Pos.Lower is better
%32
1Vietnam18.3
2India19.7
3Bangladesh20.0
4Ethiopia20.9
5Nepal21.0
...
61Seychelles36.8
62Zimbabwe38.2
63Swaziland38.4
64Djibouti38.6
65Lesotho38.7
66Gabon40.2
Africa Avg33.3
World Avg49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)29
Pos.Lower is better
Per 100029
1N. Korea0.5
2S. Korea1.6
3Switzerland2.9
4Hong Kong3.2
5Slovenia3.8
...
62Slovakia20.2
63Brunei21.0
64Bhutan21.4
65Djibouti21.5
66Albania21.7
67Moldova22.6
Africa Avg87.5
World Avg47.9
q=185.
Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)31
Pos.Higher is better
Avg %31
1Hungary99.0
2China99.0
3Uzbekistan98.9
4Niue98.8
5Mongolia98.7
...
146Congo, (Brazzaville)83.6
147Cameroon83.3
148Laos83.3
149Djibouti82.6
150Uganda82.5
151Comoros81.8
Africa Avg81.7
World Avg88.3
q=194.

6. Djibouti's Modernity and Learning

#education #it_security #modernity #religion #religiosity #secularisation #technology #the_internet

Compared to Africa (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1S. Africa52.8
2Egypt70.4
3Tunisia73.4
4Kenya79.8
5Seychelles81.3
...
30Mali124.1
31Togo124.4
32Angola124.8
33Djibouti125.8
34Liberia130.8
35Tanzania132.0
36Mozambique133.8
Africa Avg120.7
q=53.
Modernity and Learning (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1Finland8.4
2Taiwan10.0
3Switzerland15.1
4Estonia15.8
5Denmark16.0
...
170Togo124.4
171Angola124.8
172San Marino125.0
173Djibouti125.8
174Myanmar (Burma)127.0
175Timor-Leste (E. Timor)129.0
176Honduras130.6
World Avg83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Length of Schooling (2021)33
Pos.Higher is better
Years33
1Australia21.1
2New Zealand20.3
3Greece20.0
4Belgium19.6
5Sweden19.4
...
187Central African Rep.8.0
188Chad8.0
189Sudan7.9
190Djibouti7.4
191Mali7.4
192Niger7.0
Africa Avg11.0
World Avg13.5
q=193.
Religiosity (2018)34
Pos.Lower is better
%34
1China3
2Estonia6
3Czechia7
4Switzerland9
5Denmark9
...
85Congo, DR88
86Nigeria88
87Nicaragua88
88Djibouti89
89Ghana89
90Guatemala89
Africa Avg87.0
World Avg54.3
q=106.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users (2016)35
Pos.Higher is better35
1Iceland100%
2Faroe Islands99%
3Norway98%
4Bermuda97%
5Andorra97%
...
171Mali12%
172Haiti12%
173Papua New Guinea12%
174Djibouti12%
175Cambodia11%
176Gabon10%
Africa Avg18.4%
World Avg48.1%
q=201.
IT Security (2013)36
Pos.Lower is better36
1Ireland0.11
2Luxembourg0.11
3Belize0.11
4Hong Kong0.12
5Mexico0.16
...
57Malawi1.23
58Turkmenistan1.23
59Kazakhstan1.23
60Djibouti1.29
61UK1.34
62Mongolia1.42
Africa Avg1.07
World Avg0.98
q=81.
IPv6 Uptake (2017)37
Pos.Higher is better
Ratio37
1Belgium55.4
2Germany41.8
3Switzerland35.1
4USA35.0
5Greece33.5
...
125Albania0.0
126Micronesia0.0
127Algeria0.0
128Djibouti0.0
129Guyana0.0
130Namibia0.0
Africa Avg0.04
World Avg3.82
q=176.

7. National Culture

#corruption #politics

Corruption (2022)38
Pos.Higher is better
Points38
1Denmark90.0
2Finland87.0
3New Zealand87.0
4Norway84.0
5Singapore83.0
...
131Mauritania30.0
132Togo30.0
133Swaziland30.0
134Djibouti30.0
135Papua New Guinea30.0
136Gabon29.0
Africa Avg32.31
World Avg42.98
q=180.

8. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index (2021)39
Pos.Lower is better39
1Iceland1.10
2New Zealand1.25
3Denmark1.26
4Portugal1.27
5Slovenia1.32
...
103Mozambique2.12
104Ivory Coast2.12
105Bolivia2.14
106Djibouti2.15
107Papua New Guinea2.15
108Haiti2.15
Africa Avg2.29
World Avg2.08
q=163.
Impact of Terrorism (2019)40
Pos.Lower is better
Score40
1Togo0.00
2Mongolia0.00
3Swaziland0.00
4Equatorial Guinea0.00
5Cambodia0.00
...
35S. Korea0.30
36Macedonia0.30
37Zambia0.31
38Djibouti0.32
39Bulgaria0.37
40Albania0.42
Africa Avg3.41
World Avg2.78
q=150.

9. The Natural Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #over-exploitation #the_environment

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 (2015)41
Pos.Higher is better
%41
1Iceland+205.6
2Bahrain+144.4
3Uruguay+131.3
4Kuwait+81.2
5Dominican Rep.+79.5
...
86Maldives00.0
87Vanuatu00.0
88Turkmenistan00.0
89Djibouti00.0
90S. Africa00.0
91Kiribati00.0
Africa Avg-08.0
World Avg+02.8
q=184.
Environmental Performance (2018)42
Pos.Higher is better42
1Switzerland87.4
2France84.0
3Denmark81.6
4Malta80.9
5Sweden80.5
...
160Liberia41.6
161Cameroon40.8
162Swaziland40.3
163Djibouti40.0
164Papua New Guinea39.4
165Eritrea39.3
Africa Avg46.4
World Avg56.4
q=180.
Convention on Biological Diversity
Pos.Earlier is better
Signed
1China1993 Dec 29
2Guinea1993 Dec 29
3Cook Islands1993 Dec 29
4Vanuatu1993 Dec 29
5Papua New Guinea1993 Dec 29
...
81Nigeria1994 Nov 27
82Guyana1994 Nov 27
83Ghana1994 Nov 27
84Djibouti1994 Nov 30
85Kazakhstan1994 Dec 05
86El Salvador1994 Dec 07
Africa Avg1899 Dec 30
World Avg1899 Dec 30
q=197.
Rational Beliefs on the Environment (2011)43
Pos.Higher is better
%43
1Argentina78.3%
2Greece77.6%
3Brazil77.1%
4Trinidad & Tobago74.5%
5Costa Rica74.2%
...
55Congo, (Brazzaville)44.0%
56Yemen43.2%
57Sri Lanka43.1%
58Djibouti42.8%
59Burundi42.0%
60Zambia41.9%
Africa Avg38.3%
World Avg39.9%
q=145.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy (2019)44
Pos.Higher is worse44
184Chad40.90
183Central African Rep.40.10
182Sierra Leone39.00
181Somalia38.90
180Nigeria37.10
...
146Ghana24.20
145Papua New Guinea24.10
144Turkmenistan23.40
143Djibouti23.40
142Gabon22.80
141Myanmar (Burma)22.80
Africa Avg26.10
World Avg14.59
q=184.
Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) (2017)45
Pos.Lower is better
%45
1Ukraine25.0
2Belarus25.4
3Slovenia25.4
4Czechia25.9
5Moldova25.9
...
105Haiti41.1
106USA41.5
107Ivory Coast41.5
108Djibouti41.6
109Papua New Guinea41.9
110Turkey41.9
Africa Avg42.6
World Avg38.1
q=152.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#buddhism #christianity #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #religiosity #secularisation

Religiosity (2018)34
Pos.Lower is better
%34
1China3
2Estonia6
3Czechia7
4Switzerland9
5Denmark9
...
85Congo, DR88
86Nigeria88
87Nicaragua88
88Djibouti89
89Ghana89
90Guatemala89
World Avg54.3
q=106.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below46:

Christian2.3%
Muslim96.9%
Hindu0.1%
Buddhist0.1%
Folk Religion0.3%
Jew0.2%
Unaffiliated0.2%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: Muslim 94%, Christian 6%47.

The International Humanist and Ethical Union produced a report in 2012 entitled "Freedom of Thought" (2012)48, in which they document bias and prejudice at the national level that is based on religion, belief and/or lack of belief. Their entry for Djibouti states:

Although the constitution and other laws and policies protect freedom of religion or belief, Islam is the state religion and the president and other government employees, including magistrates, are required to take religious oaths49. More than 99% of the population identifies as Sunni Muslim. Citizens officially are considered Muslims if they do not specifically identify with a faith; there are no figures available on the number of atheists in the country. Muslims are required to marry in an Islamic ceremony. Non-Muslims - who are known to include Roman Catholics, Protestants, Copts, and Bahá'ís - must marry in accordance with the rites of the religion with which they are registered. The government allows civil marriage only for non-Muslim foreign residents; so if there were atheist Djibouti who wanted to marry, they would not be able to do so (unless they hid their atheism and registered with a religion). A non-Muslim man may marry a Muslim woman only after converting to Islam49. According to the family code, "impediment to a marriage occurs when a Muslim woman marries a non-Muslim."

The president is required to take a religious oath at inauguration; other government employees are also required to do so, such as magistrates, the presidents of Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Chamber of Accounts, and the inspector general of state. While there is no penalty established by law, it remains an official custom written in the Constitution for the president of the country and required by law for others. No legal provision exists for opposite practice.

"Freedom of Thought" by IHEU (2012)50

Links: