Libya (Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

Libya Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Status	Independent State
Capital	Tripoli
Land Area	1 759 540km21
Location	Africa, Mediterranean
Population	6.5m (2011)2
Life Expectancy	71.76yrs (2017)3
GNI	$14 303 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	LY, LBY, 4345
Internet Domain	.ly6
Currency	Dinar (LYD)7
Telephone	+2188

1. Overview
2. Libya National and Social Development
3. Population and Demographics
4. Human Rights, Equality and Freedom
5. Religion and Beliefs
6. The Internet
7. Public Health Issues
8. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries
9. Links

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1. Overview

#chad #islam #italy #switzerland #turkey

“The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI began to espouse his political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system was a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and was supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing by Libyan state-sponsored terrorists of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. During the 1990s, QADHAFI began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya accepted responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and to renounce terrorism. QADHAFI subsequently made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. The US rescinded Libya's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism in June 2006. In August 2008, the US and Libya signed a bilateral comprehensive claims settlement agreement to compensate claimants in both countries who allege injury or death at the hands of the other country, including the Lockerbie bombing, the LaBelle disco bombing, and the UTA 772 bombing. In October 2008, the US Government received $1.5 billion pursuant to the agreement to distribute to US national claimants, and as a result effectively normalized its bilateral relationship with Libya. The two countries then exchanged ambassadors for the first time since 1973 in January 2009. Libya in May 2010 was elected to its first three-year seat on the UN Human Rights Council, prompting protests from international non-governmental organizations and human rights campaigners. Unrest that began in several Near Eastern and North African countries in late December 2010 spread to several Libyan cities in early 2011. In March 2011, a Transitional National Council (TNC) was formed in Benghazi with the stated aim of overthrowing the QADHAFI regime and guiding the country to democracy. In response to QADHAFI's harsh military crackdown on protesters, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1973, which demanded an immediate ceasefire and authorized the international community to establish a no-fly zone over Libya. After several months of see-saw fighting, anti-QADHAFI forces in August 2011 captured the capital, Tripoli. In mid-September, the UN General Assembly voted to recognize the TNC as the legitimate interim governing body of Libya. The TNC on 23 October officially declared the country liberated following the defeat of the last remaining pro-QADHAFI stronghold and QADHAFI's death. In July 2012, Libya held its first post-QADHAFI nationwide election, which resulted in the formation of a 200-member National Congress (NC). In August 2012, the NC elected a congress president and in October, a new prime minister.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Libya, a realm of stunning coastline, dramatic Greek and Roman ruins and the majesty of the Sahara remains poised to become a travel hotspot. Libya is a classic North African destination and its primary appeal derives from its position as an ancient crossroads of civilisations - these civilisations bequeathed to the Libyan coast some of the finest Roman and Greek ruins in existence, among them Leptis Magna, Cyrene and Sabratha. This is also one of the best places in Africa to experience the Sahara Desert, from seas of sand the size of Switzerland and sheltering palm-fringed lakes (the Ubari Sand Sea) to remote massifs adorned with prehistoric rock art (the Jebel Acacus), labyrinthine caravan towns (Ghadames) and an isolated black-as-black volcano (Wawa al-Namus) in the desert´s heart.

However, the upheaval caused by Libya´s democratic revolution in 2011-12 continues, meaning the future is still uncertain. That said, Libya´s tourism and transport infrastructure are excellent, so once peace returns fully to the country, expect it to be one of the hottest travel destinations on the continent.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Libya National and Social Development

#human_development

UN HDI (2016)11
Pos.		Lower is better Rank11
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
99	Dominican Rep.	99
100	St Vincent & Grenadines	99
101	Tonga	101
102	Libya	102
103	Belize	103
104	Samoa	104
105	Maldives	105
106	Uzbekistan	105
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Higher is better Points12
1	Denmark	84.0
2	Sweden	83.9
3	Finland	83.5
	...
152	Liberia	44.7
153	Tanzania	44.7
154	Myanmar (Burma)	44.5
155	Libya	44.4
156	Benin	44.2
157	Lesotho	44.2
158	Togo	44.1
159	Madagascar	44.1
	World Avg	53.8
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

#demographics #health #immigration #Libya #life_expectancy #overpopulation #population

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)13
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10013
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
70	Philippines	10.3
71	Cambodia	10.4
72	Egypt	10.5
73	Libya	10.5
74	S. Africa	10.5
75	Bangladesh	10.6
76	Nepal	10.8
77	Bhutan	10.8
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Dominica	104.8
2	Palestine	68.4
3	Samoa	67.3
	...
157	Venezuela	1.8
158	S. Africa	1.7
159	Iran	1.7
160	Libya	1.7
161	Gabon	1.7
162	Vanuatu	1.6
163	Djibouti	1.5
164	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	1.4
	World Avg	11.5
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013)15
Pos.		2.0 is best15
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
64	Barbados	1.57
65	China	1.57
66	Serbia	1.56
67	Libya	2.44
68	Cambodia	2.45
69	Bulgaria	1.54
70	Bahrain	2.46
71	Thailand	1.54
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Immigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Qatar	86.5
2	Monaco	71.6
3	UAE	70.0
	...
51	Costa Rica	10.5
52	Netherlands	10.5
53	Armenia	10.5
54	Libya	10.4
55	Greece	10.1
56	Norway	10.0
57	Syria	9.8
58	Bahamas	9.7
	World Avg	9.2
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015)16
Pos.		Higher is better Years16
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
103	Vanuatu	72.11
104	Guatemala	72.06
105	Bangladesh	71.99
106	Libya	71.76
107	Moldova	71.73
108	Belarus	71.46
109	Egypt	71.33
110	Suriname	71.28
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)17
Pos.		The Overpopulation of the Earth17
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
100	Papua New Guinea	7.2m
101	Tajikistan	7.1m
102	Paraguay	6.7m
103	Libya	6.5m
104	Jordan	6.5m
105	Laos	6.4m
106	Togo	6.3m
107	El Salvador	6.3m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Libya's population is predicted to rise to 7.783 million by 2030. This country has a fertility rate of 2.44. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

• The Overpopulation of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

4. Human Rights, Equality and Freedom

#equality #freedom #human_rights #ISIS #libya #politics #tolerance

Libya is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Libya does worse than average in its nominal commitment to Human Rights₁₈, supporting press freedom₁₉ and in eliminating modern slavery₂₀. It falls into the bottom 20 in fighting anti-semitic opinions₂₁, commentary from Human Rights Watch₂₂, its Global Peace Index rating₂₃, fighting corruption₂₄ and in LGBT equality₂₅. And finally, it is the worst in supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₂₆. Freedom of speech is undermined by needlessly aggressive and restrictive laws₂₇. In 2016, slave markets in Libya had migrant men, women and children auctioned off to the highest bidders, many destined for lives of abuse₂₈. In 2017, the country is still steeped in conflict between multiple militias (including ISIS) and competing proto-governments, the fighting has "decimated the economy and public services, including the public health system, law enforcement, and the judiciary" with executions and widespread human rights abuses₂₇. Freedom of religion and freedom of belief are not protected in Libya and minorities such as Sufis and Christians are openly attacked₂₇.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

• Human Rights and Freedom in Libya

5. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #ISIS #islam #judaism #libya #religion

Disbelief In God (2007)29
Pos.		Higher is better29
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
116	Afghanistan	0
117	Egypt	0
118	Liberia	0
119	Libya	0
120	Ivory Coast	0
121	Pakistan	0
122	Niger	0
123	Saudi Arabia	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₃₀:

Christian	2.7%
Muslim	96.6%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.3%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	0.2%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: Sunni Muslim (official) 97%, other 3%₃₁.

Freedom of Religion and Belief: Freedom of religion and freedom of belief are not protected in Libya; in addition the current conflict from 2011 has allowed "militias and forces affiliated with several interim authorities, as well as ISIS fighters [to attack] religious minorities, including Sufis and Christians, and [destroy] religious sites in Libya with impunity"₂₇.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?
• Human Rights and Freedom in Libya: 5. Freedom of Belief and Religion

6. The Internet

#internet #it_security #Libya #politics #the_internet

Freedom On The Internet (2012)32
Pos.		Lower is better32
1	Estonia	10
2	USA	12
3	Germany	15
	...
19	Mexico	37
20	India	39
21	Indonesia	42
22	Libya	43
23	Malaysia	43
24	Jordan	45
25	Turkey	46
26	Tunisia	46
	World Avg	46.7
q=47.

Internet Users (2016)33
Pos.		Higher is better33
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
144	Ivory Coast	22%
145	Honduras	22%
146	Botswana	21%
147	Libya	21%
148	Zimbabwe	21%
149	Equatorial Guinea	21%
150	Lesotho	21%
151	Indonesia	20%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IPv6 Uptake (2017)34
Pos.		Higher is better Ratio34
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
169	Cuba	0.0
170	St Vincent & Grenadines	0.0
171	Montenegro	0.0
172	Libya	0.0
173	Jamaica	0.0
174	Fiji	0.0
175	Jordan	0.0
176	Barbados	0.0
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

IT Security (2013)35
Pos.		Lower is better35
1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
	...
22	Switzerland	0.55
23	S. Korea	0.56
24	Australia	0.63
25	Libya	0.63
26	Qatar	0.65
27	Chile	0.66
28	Guinea-Bissau	0.67
29	Uzbekistan	0.69
	World Avg	0.98
q=81.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

7. Public Health Issues

#alcohol #health #Libya #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)36
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100036
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
13	Luxembourg	5.9
14	Italy	6.0
15	Iceland	6.1
16	Libya	6.2
17	Finland	6.5
18	Germany	6.7
19	Maldives	6.7
20	Tunisia	6.8
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Alcohol Consumption (2010)37
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita37
1	Libya	0.1
2	Pakistan	0.1
3	Kuwait	0.1
4	Mauritania	0.1
5	Comoros	0.2
6	Saudi Arabia	0.2
7	Bangladesh	0.2
8	Yemen	0.3
9	Niger	0.3
10	Egypt	0.4
11	Iraq	0.5
12	Somalia	0.5
	World Avg	6.2
q=191.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance (2017)38
Pos.		Lower is better Rank38
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
153	Mozambique	153
154	Cape Verde	154
155	Bahamas	155
156	Libya	156
157	Papua New Guinea	157
158	Belize	158
159	Algeria	159
160	Senegal	160
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)39
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %39
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
40	Brunei	96.6
41	Spain	96.5
42	Poland	96.5
43	Libya	96.4
44	St Kitts & Nevis	96.3
45	Bahamas	96.2
46	Maldives	96.2
47	Tajikistan	96.1
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Smoking Rates (2014)40
Pos.		Lower is better40
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
137	Malta	1 266
138	Philippines	1 291
139	Indonesia	1 322
140	Libya	1 333
141	Israel	1 346
142	Argentina	1 359
143	Denmark	1 378
144	Georgia	1 378
	World Avg	819
q=182.

8. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries