The Human Truth Foundation

Uzbekistan (Republic of Uzbekistan)

http://www.humantruth.info/uzbekistan.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

#uzbekistan

Uzbekistan
Republic of Uzbekistan
StatusIndependent State
Social and Moral Index89th best
CapitalTashkent
Land Area 425 400km21
LocationAsia
Population32.5m2
Life Expectancy70.86yrs (2017)3
GNI$7 917 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 CodesUZ, UZB, 8605
Internet Domain.uz6
CurrencySom (UZS)7
Telephone+9988

1. Overview

Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves and increasing its manufacturing base. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)9

Book CoverA Silk Road destination of the highest order, Uzbekistan is a centre of culture, trade and architecture that has drawn travellers for centuries. Central Asia´s cradle of culture for more than two millennia, Uzbekistan is proudly home to a spellbinding arsenal of architecture and ancient cities, all infused with the bloody, fascinating history of the Silk Road. Any romantic who has daydreamed of travelling the Golden Road to Samarkand or the desert tracks to Bukhara will have their sights firmly set on Uzbekistan.

As the cultural and historic heart of Central Asia, Uzbekistan is home to Islamic architecture of floating turquoise domes and towering minarets that rank among the region´s greatest sights. And amid these treasures everyday life goes on: in the foreground bearded old men with stripy cloaks haggle over melons in the bazaar or savour a pot of green tea beside a kebab stand.

Despite being a harshly governed police state, Uzbekistan remains an extremely friendly country where hospitality remains an essential element of daily life.

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)10

2. Uzbekistan National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Value11
1Switzerland0.962
2Norway0.961
3Iceland0.959
4Hong Kong0.952
5Australia0.951
...
98Tunisia0.731
99Fiji0.730
100Suriname0.730
101Uzbekistan0.727
102Jordan0.720
103Dominica0.720
Asia Avg0.75
World Avg0.72
q=191.
Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
PPP $11
1Liechtenstein$146 830
2Singapore$90 919
3Qatar$87 134
4Luxembourg$84 649
5Ireland$76 169
...
117Namibia$8 634
118El Salvador$8 296
119Bolivia$8 111
120Uzbekistan$7 917
121Cuba$7 879
122Vietnam$7 867
Asia Avg$22 215
World Avg$20 136
q=193.
Social & Moral
Development Index
12,13
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank12,13
1Taiwan28.6
2Norway29.4
3Denmark31.2
4Sweden32.2
5Finland32.6
...
86Qatar83.2
87Jamaica83.2
88Morocco84.3
89Uzbekistan84.5
90Kazakhstan85.3
91Kuwait85.3
Asia Avg87.1
World Avg86.1
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Uzbekistan's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Uzbekistan's population is predicted to rise to 33.37 million by 2030. This country has a fertility rate of 2.29. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population (2018)2
Pos.
Population2
1China1.4b
2India1.4b
3USA327.1m
4Indonesia267.7m
5Pakistan212.2m
...
39Canada37.1m
40Morocco36.0m
41Saudi Arabia33.7m
42Uzbekistan32.5m
43Peru32.0m
44Malaysia31.5m
World Avg39.0m
q=195.
Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
4Australia84.5
5Switzerland84.0
...
104St Lucia71.1
105Tonga71.0
106Mongolia71.0
107Uzbekistan70.9
108El Salvador70.7
109Micronesia70.7
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.2.0 is best14
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
4France1.99
5Turkey2.04
...
43Bhutan2.27
44Jamaica2.28
45Suriname2.28
46Uzbekistan2.29
47Cape Verde2.29
48Estonia1.71
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)15
Pos.Lower is better
Per 10015
1Uganda04.3
2Mali04.5
3Chad04.7
4Burkina Faso04.7
5Sierra Leone04.8
...
80Turkmenistan11.0
81Maldives11.0
82Mongolia11.8
83Uzbekistan11.9
84Tonga11.9
85Kyrgyzstan12.1
World Avg18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants (2017)16
Pos.
%16
1UAE88.4%
2Kuwait75.5%
3Qatar65.2%
4Liechtenstein65.1%
5Monaco54.9%
...
96Burkina Faso3.7%
97Trinidad & Tobago3.7%
98Togo3.6%
99Uzbekistan3.6%
100Rwanda3.6%
101Moldova3.5%
World Avg9.4%
q=195.
Emigrants (2010)17
Pos.
%17
1Dominica104.8%
2Palestine68.4%
3Samoa67.3%
4Grenada65.5%
5St Kitts & Nevis61.1%
...
84UK7.5%
85Honduras7.5%
86Austria7.1%
87Uzbekistan7.0%
88Bolivia6.8%
89Guinea-Bissau6.8%
World Avg11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance #uzbekistan

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)18,19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank18,19
1Sweden9.2
2Norway14.7
3Denmark14.7
4Netherlands15.8
5New Zealand17.5
...
137Maldives110.7
138Indonesia111.2
139Algeria111.2
140Uzbekistan111.3
141Bahrain112.9
142Bangladesh113.2
Asia Avg99.8
World Avg87.7
q=199.

Uzbekistan is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Uzbekistan does better than average when it comes to opposing gender inequality20. When it comes to most other metrics, Uzbekistan does not do well. It does worse than average for the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators)21, commentary in Human Rights Watch reports22, its nominal commitment to Human Rights23, freethought24, speed of uptake of HR treaties25 and in LGBT equality26. And finally, it falls into the worst 20 in supporting press freedom27. Since the death of President Islam Karimov, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev "has taken some steps to improve the country´s abysmal human rights record, such as releasing some political prisoners, relaxing certain restrictions on free expression, removing citizens from the security services´ notorious “black list,” and increasing accountability of government institutions to the citizenry", instigating a cautious "sense of hope" amongst some28, that Uzbekistan may start to climb out of its abusive human rights abyss. For the first time in 7 years, a Human Rights Watch delegation was permitted to visit in 201728.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

5. Uzbekistan's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #mental_health #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #Uzbekistan #vaccines

Compared to Asia (2020)29,30
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank29,30
1Hong Kong18.3
2Maldives41.0
3Singapore42.6
4Japan51.0
5S. Korea51.3
...
13Thailand65.3
14Bangladesh66.8
15Kuwait67.1
16Uzbekistan68.4
17Saudi Arabia69.3
18Qatar70.6
19Iran75.5
Asia Avg80.1
q=50.
Health (2020)29,30
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank29,30
1Monaco13.0
2Hong Kong18.3
3Maldives41.0
4Singapore42.6
5Japan51.0
...
19Bangladesh66.8
20Kuwait67.1
21Italy67.5
22Uzbekistan68.4
23Saudi Arabia69.3
24Spain69.6
25Qatar70.6
World Avg93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives29. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau29.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean29, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa29.

For more, see:

Health:

Uzbekistan does relatively well in encouraging good health, compared to many other countries. Uzbekistan comes in the best 20 when it comes to its immunizations take-up31 (amongst the highest in Asia). It does better than average in its suicide rate32, its alcohol consumption rate33 and in its adolescent birth rate20. Uzbekistan doesn't do so well in other areas. Uzbekistan does worse than average in its fertility rate14, its smoking rate34 (still low for Asia) and in its average life expectancy11. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% over the past 40 years.

Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.Higher is better
Years11
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
4Australia84.5
5Switzerland84.0
...
104St Lucia71.1
105Tonga71.0
106Mongolia71.0
107Uzbekistan70.9
108El Salvador70.7
109Micronesia70.7
Asia Avg73.48
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Alcohol Consumption (2016)33
Pos.Lower is better
Per Capita33
1Bangladesh0.0
2Kuwait0.0
3Libya0.0
4Mauritania0.0
5Somalia0.0
...
49Micronesia2.5
50Guatemala2.5
51Congo, DR2.6
52Uzbekistan2.7
53Ghana2.7
54Maldives2.7
Asia Avg3.9
World Avg6.2
q=189.
Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.2.0 is best14
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
4France1.99
5Turkey2.04
...
43Bhutan2.27
44Jamaica2.28
45Suriname2.28
46Uzbekistan2.29
47Cape Verde2.29
48Estonia1.71
Asia Avg2.46
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Smoking Rates (2014)34
Pos.Higher is worse34
182Montenegro4 125
181Belarus3 831
180Lebanon3 023
179Macedonia2 732
178Russia2 690
...
95Seychelles 590
94Malaysia 584
93Oman 577
92Uzbekistan 573
91Venezuela 565
90Gabon 559
Asia Avg1 035
World Avg 819
q=182.
Suicide Rate (2013)32
Pos.
Per 100k32
1Haiti0
2Grenada0
3Egypt0.1
4Jordan0.2
5Maldives0.7
...
27Georgia8.8
28Seychelles8.9
29Cyprus9.1
30Uzbekistan9.3
31Brazil9.7
32Colombia9.9
Asia Avg19.50
World Avg20.93
q=91.
Overweight Adults (2016)35
Pos.Lower is better
%35
1Vietnam18.3
2India19.7
3Bangladesh20.0
4Ethiopia20.9
5Nepal21.0
...
72Trinidad & Tobago46.0
73Antigua & Barbuda48.0
74St Lucia48.1
75Uzbekistan48.2
76Kyrgyzstan48.3
77Yemen48.8
Asia Avg44.3
World Avg49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)20
Pos.Lower is better
Per 100020
1N. Korea0.5
2S. Korea1.6
3Switzerland2.9
4Hong Kong3.2
5Slovenia3.8
...
55Malta16.6
56Kiribati17.2
57Macedonia17.6
58Uzbekistan17.7
59Hungary18.0
60Belarus18.2
Asia Avg29.9
World Avg47.9
q=185.
Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)31
Pos.Higher is better
Avg %31
1Hungary99.0
2China99.0
3Uzbekistan98.9
4Niue98.8
5Mongolia98.7
6Czechia98.7
7Seychelles98.6
8S. Korea98.6
9Sri Lanka98.4
10St Lucia98.2
11Bahrain98.2
12Iran98.1
Asia Avg90.5
World Avg88.3
q=194.

6. Uzbekistan's Modernity and Learning

#education #intelligence #it_security #modernity #politics #religion #religiosity #secularisation #technology #the_internet

Compared to Asia (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1Taiwan10.0
2Japan21.9
3S. Korea24.0
4Singapore27.9
5Israel32.2
...
11Cyprus54.0
12UAE56.0
13Saudi Arabia60.4
14Uzbekistan61.7
15China61.9
16Kazakhstan63.3
17Georgia65.1
Asia Avg79.0
q=51.
Modernity and Learning (2020)19
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank19
1Finland8.4
2Taiwan10.0
3Switzerland15.1
4Estonia15.8
5Denmark16.0
...
62Palau59.3
63Mexico59.8
64Saudi Arabia60.4
65Uzbekistan61.7
66China61.9
67Kazakhstan63.3
68Monaco64.5
World Avg83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Secondary Education (2018)36
Pos.Higher is better36
1Luxembourg100.0%
2Estonia100.0%
3Austria100.0%
4Canada100.0%
5Finland100.0%
6Iceland100.0%
7Uzbekistan99.9%
8Czechia99.8%
9Slovakia99.3%
10Latvia99.2%
11Kazakhstan98.6%
12Kyrgyzstan98.4%
Asia Avg66.0%
World Avg63.0%
q=169.
Length of Schooling (2021)37
Pos.Higher is better
Years37
1Australia21.1
2New Zealand20.3
3Greece20.0
4Belgium19.6
5Sweden19.4
...
125Timor-Leste (E. Timor)12.6
126Cape Verde12.6
127Guyana12.5
128Uzbekistan12.5
129Bangladesh12.4
130Samoa12.4
Asia Avg13.5
World Avg13.5
q=193.
Religiosity (2018)38
Pos.Lower is better
%38
1China3
2Estonia6
3Czechia7
4Switzerland9
5Denmark9
...
30Slovakia23
31Ukraine23
32Canada27
33Uzbekistan29
34Uruguay29
35Poland30
Asia Avg55.8
World Avg54.3
q=106.
IQ (2006)39
Pos.Higher is better39
1Hong Kong108
2Singapore108
3S. Korea106
4Japan105
5Taiwan105
...
66Azerbaijan87
67Indonesia87
68Turkmenistan87
69Uzbekistan87
70Kuwait86
71Philippines86
Asia Avg90.4
World Avg85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users (2016)40
Pos.Higher is better40
1Iceland100%
2Faroe Islands99%
3Norway98%
4Bermuda97%
5Andorra97%
...
95Vietnam52%
96S. Africa52%
97Dominican Rep.52%
98Uzbekistan51%
99Armenia50%
100Iran49%
Asia Avg48.7%
World Avg48.1%
q=201.
Freedom On The Internet (2012)41
Pos.Lower is better41
1Estonia10
2USA12
3Germany15
4Australia18
5Hungary19
...
40Vietnam73
41Ethiopia75
42Myanmar (Burma)75
43Uzbekistan77
44Syria83
45China85
Asia Avg56.6
World Avg46.7
q=47.
IT Security (2013)42
Pos.Lower is better42
1Ireland0.11
2Luxembourg0.11
3Belize0.11
4Hong Kong0.12
5Mexico0.16
...
26Qatar0.65
27Chile0.66
28Guinea-Bissau0.67
29Uzbekistan0.69
30Moldova0.71
31Zambia0.76
Asia Avg1.08
World Avg0.98
q=81.
IPv6 Uptake (2017)43
Pos.Higher is better
Ratio43
1Belgium55.4
2Germany41.8
3Switzerland35.1
4USA35.0
5Greece33.5
...
98Armenia0.0
99Cape Verde0.0
100Nigeria0.0
101Uzbekistan0.0
102Colombia0.0
103Ghana0.0
Asia Avg2.11
World Avg3.82
q=176.

7. National Culture

#charity #corruption #happiness #morals #politics

On the Corruption Index, Uzbekistan scored on average 18.4 over the 2012-2016 period. Over the 10 years since then, it improved by 12.6 points.

World Giving Index (2013-2021)44
Pos.Lower is better44
1Myanmar (Burma)2.7
2New Zealand4.0
3USA4.7
4Australia4.9
5Indonesia9.0
...
30Gambia31.0
31Libya32.0
32Singapore32.6
33Uzbekistan33.7
34Guatemala34.3
35Mongolia34.6
Asia Avg62.5
World Avg67.9
q=160.
Corruption (2022)45
Pos.Higher is better
Points45
1Denmark90.0
2Finland87.0
3New Zealand87.0
4Norway84.0
5Singapore83.0
...
123Kenya32.0
124Dominican Rep.32.0
125Niger32.0
126Uzbekistan31.0
127Laos31.0
128Mexico31.0
Asia Avg39.98
World Avg42.98
q=180.
Happiness (2018)46
Pos.Higher is better46
1Finland7.6
2Norway7.6
3Denmark7.6
4Iceland7.5
5Switzerland7.5
...
41Nicaragua6.1
42Poland6.1
43Bahrain6.1
44Uzbekistan6.1
45Kuwait6.1
46Thailand6.1
Asia Avg5.29
World Avg5.38
q=156.

8. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index (2021)47
Pos.Lower is better47
1Iceland1.10
2New Zealand1.25
3Denmark1.26
4Portugal1.27
5Slovenia1.32
...
87Cuba2.04
88Ecuador2.04
89Georgia2.05
90Uzbekistan2.06
91Bangladesh2.07
92Guinea2.07
Asia Avg2.22
World Avg2.08
q=163.
Impact of Terrorism (2019)48
Pos.Lower is better
Score48
1Togo0.00
2Mongolia0.00
3Swaziland0.00
4Equatorial Guinea0.00
5Cambodia0.00
...
13El Salvador0.00
14Bhutan0.01
15Trinidad & Tobago0.02
16Uzbekistan0.02
17Qatar0.03
18Iceland0.03
Asia Avg3.60
World Avg2.78
q=150.

9. The Natural Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #over-exploitation #the_environment

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 (2015)49
Pos.Higher is better
%49
1Iceland+205.6
2Bahrain+144.4
3Uruguay+131.3
4Kuwait+81.2
5Dominican Rep.+79.5
...
54Poland+06.3
55Liechtenstein+06.2
56Latvia+05.8
57Uzbekistan+05.7
58New Zealand+05.1
59Slovenia+05.1
Asia Avg+07.0
World Avg+02.8
q=184.
Environmental Performance (2018)50
Pos.Higher is better50
1Switzerland87.4
2France84.0
3Denmark81.6
4Malta80.9
5Sweden80.5
...
133Indonesia46.9
134Guinea46.6
135Mozambique46.4
136Uzbekistan45.9
137Chad45.3
138Myanmar (Burma)45.3
Asia Avg54.5
World Avg56.4
q=180.
Convention on Biological Diversity
Pos.Earlier is better
Signed
1China1993 Dec 29
2Guinea1993 Dec 29
3Cook Islands1993 Dec 29
4Vanuatu1993 Dec 29
5Papua New Guinea1993 Dec 29
...
117Cape Verde1995 Jun 27
118Russia1995 Jul 04
119Guatemala1995 Oct 08
120Uzbekistan1995 Oct 17
121Niger1995 Oct 23
122Honduras1995 Oct 29
Asia Avg1899 Dec 30
World Avg1899 Dec 30
q=197.
Rational Beliefs on the Environment (2011)51
Pos.Higher is better
%51
1Argentina78.3%
2Greece77.6%
3Brazil77.1%
4Trinidad & Tobago74.5%
5Costa Rica74.2%
...
138Denmark14.9%
139Libya14.6%
140Iceland13.1%
141Uzbekistan11.3%
142Tajikistan11.1%
143Haiti10.0%
Asia Avg37.9%
World Avg39.9%
q=145.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#health #inequality #life_expectancy

Inequality in Life Expectancy (2019)52
Pos.Higher is worse52
184Chad40.90
183Central African Rep.40.10
182Sierra Leone39.00
181Somalia38.90
180Nigeria37.10
...
111Algeria14.10
110Azerbaijan13.90
109Indonesia13.90
108Uzbekistan13.90
107Paraguay13.80
106Honduras13.30
Asia Avg11.80
World Avg14.59
q=184.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #religiosity #secularisation #uzbekistan

Religiosity (2018)38
Pos.Lower is better
%38
1China3
2Estonia6
3Czechia7
4Switzerland9
5Denmark9
...
30Slovakia23
31Ukraine23
32Canada27
33Uzbekistan29
34Uruguay29
35Poland30
World Avg54.3
q=106.
Disbelief In God (2007)53
Pos.Higher is better
%53
1Vietnam81
2Japan65
3Sweden64
4Czechia61
5Estonia49
...
58Romania4
59Argentina4
60Georgia4
61Uzbekistan4
62Lebanon3
63Congo, (Brazzaville)3
World Avg9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below54:

Christian2.3%
Muslim96.7%
Hindu0.1%
Buddhist0.1%
Folk Religion0.1%
Jew0.1%
Unaffiliated0.8%

It appears that when asked "What religion are you" many give pollsters the 'correct' answer despite how they actually feel, and despite what they actually believe. Although 99.4% of the populace say they belong to a religion, only 29% say that they are religious when the question is phrased as "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".

For more on this phenomenon, see:

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%55.

Freedom of Religion and Belief: "Uzbekistan maintains some of the world´s most restrictive policies on the exercise of worship or belief"28 and sociologists Grim & Finke place Uzbekistan into the worst category, along with just 13 other countries56. It is dangerous for religious folk to congregate even in private; in 2017 April for example, "four Protestant men were sentenced to short prison terms on charges of meeting for worship in ahome"

Links: