Montenegro (Republic of Montenegro)

Montenegro Republic of Montenegro
Status	Independent State
Capital	Podgorica
Land Area	13 450km21
Location	Europe, Mediterranean, The Balkans
Population	0.6m (2011)2
Life Expectancy	76.40yrs (2017)3
GNI	$15 410 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	ME, MNE, 4995
Internet Domain	.me, .yu6
Currency	Euro (EUR)7
Telephone	+3828

1. Overview
2. Montenegro National and Social Development
3. Population and Demographics
4. Politics and Freedom
5. Gender Equality
6. Religion and Beliefs
7. The Internet
8. Public Health Issues
9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries
10. Links

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1. Overview

#croatia #switzerland

“The use of the name Crna Gora (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro, while a part of the Ottoman Empire, was able to maintain a level of autonomy. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Montenegro, Crna Gora, Black Mountain: the very name conjures up images of romance and drama – and this fascinating land doesn´t disappoint on either front. Imagine a place with sapphire beaches as spectacular as Croatia´s, rugged peaks as dramatic as Switzerland´s, canyons nearly as deep as Colorado´s, palazzos as elegant as Venice´s and towns as old as Greece´s and then wrap it up in a Mediterranean climate and squish it into an area two-thirds the size of Wales and you start to get a picture of Montenegro.

There´s not a lot of it – barely 100km from tip to toe – but Montenegro´s coast is quite extraordinary. Mountains jut sharply from crystal-clear waters in such a way that the word `looming´ is unavoidable. As if that wasn´t picturesque enough, ancient walled towns cling to the rocks and dip their feet in the water like they´re the ones on holiday.

But when the beaches fill up with Eastern European sunseekers, intrepid travellers can easily sidestep the hordes in the rugged mountains of Durmitor and Prokletije, the primeval forest of Biogradska Gora or in the many towns and villages where ordinary Montenegrins go about their daily lives.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Montenegro National and Social Development

#human_development

UN HDI (2016)11
Pos.		Lower is better Rank11
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
45	Croatia	45
46	Argentina	45
47	Bahrain	47
48	Montenegro	48
49	Russia	49
50	Romania	50
51	Kuwait	51
52	Belarus	52
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Higher is better Points12
1	Denmark	84.0
2	Sweden	83.9
3	Finland	83.5
	...
73	Seychelles	55.4
74	Philippines	55.2
75	Thailand	55.2
76	Montenegro	54.9
77	Tajikistan	54.9
78	Peru	54.9
79	Georgia	54.7
80	Armenia	54.4
	World Avg	53.8
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

#demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #Montenegro #overpopulation #population

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)13
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10013
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
139	Ireland	29.2
140	Russia	29.5
141	Georgia	29.7
142	Montenegro	30.0
143	Belarus	30.3
144	Ukraine	30.8
145	Australia	31.3
146	Slovakia	31.6
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Dominica	104.8
2	Palestine	68.4
3	Samoa	67.3
	...
185	Qatar	0.7
186	Nigeria	0.6
187	Maldives	0.6
188	China	0.6
189	Japan	0.6
190	Oman	0.5
191	Madagascar	0.4
192	Montenegro	0.0
	World Avg	11.5
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013)15
Pos.		2.0 is best15
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
53	Luxembourg	1.67
54	Turkmenistan	2.33
55	Trinidad & Tobago	1.63
56	Montenegro	1.63
57	S. Africa	2.39
58	Iran	1.60
59	Venezuela	2.41
60	Ecuador	2.41
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Immigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Qatar	86.5
2	Monaco	71.6
3	UAE	70.0
	...
67	Ghana	7.6
68	Suriname	7.5
69	Italy	7.4
70	Montenegro	6.8
71	Burkina Faso	6.4
72	Macedonia	6.3
73	Namibia	6.3
74	St Lucia	5.9
	World Avg	9.2
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015)16
Pos.		Higher is better Years16
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
52	Bosnia & Herzegovina	76.63
53	Argentina	76.46
54	Slovakia	76.41
55	Montenegro	76.40
56	Antigua & Barbuda	76.24
57	Ecuador	76.12
58	China	75.96
59	Vietnam	75.94
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)17
Pos.		The Overpopulation of the Earth17
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
160	Guyana	0.8m
161	Bhutan	0.8m
162	Equatorial Guinea	0.7m
163	Montenegro	0.6m
164	Solomon Islands	0.6m
165	Suriname	0.5m
166	Luxembourg	0.5m
167	Cape Verde	0.5m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Montenegro's population is predicted to fall to 633 000 by 2030. Developed countries with falling populations face a pension's crises, whereby an incresingly ageing population must be cared for by fewer and fewer workers. Economic stability can be maintained by increasing foreign workers from younger countries. This country has a fertility rate of 1.63. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

• The Overpopulation of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

4. Politics and Freedom

#antisemitism #burundi #corruption #eritrea #france #freedom #human_development #human_rights #indonesia #mass_media #Montenegro #peace #politics #slavery

Anti-Semite Opinions (2014)18
Pos.		Lower is better %18
1	Laos	0
2	Philippines	3
3	Sweden	4
	...
40	Slovenia	27
41	Austria	28
42	Latvia	28
43	Montenegro	29
44	Spain	29
45	Venezuela	30
46	Moldova	30
47	Russia	30
	World Avg	36.8
q=101.

Corruption (2012-2016)19
Pos.		Higher is better Avg Score19
1	Denmark	90.8
2	New Zealand	90.6
3	Finland	89.4
	...
67	Kuwait	44.2
68	Italy	43.8
69	S. Africa	43.6
70	Montenegro	43.2
71	Sao Tome & Principe	42.8
72	Macedonia	42.2
73	Solomon Islands	42.0
74	Greece	41.8
	World Avg	43.05
q=176.

Global Peace Index (2012)20
Pos.		Lower is better20
1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
78	Senegal	1.99
79	Peru	2.00
80	Nepal	2.00
81	Montenegro	2.01
82	Nicaragua	2.01
83	Brazil	2.02
84	Bolivia	2.02
85	Ecuador	2.03
	World Avg	2.02
q=157.

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009)21
Pos.		Higher is better Treaties21
1	Argentina	24
2	Chile	23
3	Costa Rica	23
	...
17	Belgium	22
18	Austria	22
19	Brazil	21
20	Montenegro	21
21	Guatemala	21
22	Mali	21
23	Azerbaijan	21
24	Bosnia & Herzegovina	21
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom (2014)22
Pos.		Lower is better Rank22
1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
	...
42	Uruguay	42
43	Georgia	43
44	Croatia	44
45	Montenegro	44
46	Panama	46
47	Mongolia	47
48	Bahamas	48
49	Greece	48
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

Press Freedom (2013)23
Pos.		Lower is better23
1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
	...
108	Bolivia	3280
109	Qatar	3286
110	Panama	3295
111	Montenegro	3297
112	Israel	3297
113	UAE	3349
114	Nigeria	3411
115	Macedonia	3427
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

Slavery (2018)24
Pos.		Lower is better % Victims24
1	Japan	0.03
2	Canada	0.05
3	Taiwan	0.05
	...
109	Gambia	0.58
110	Lithuania	0.58
111	Ivory Coast	0.59
112	Montenegro	0.59
113	Nepal	0.60
114	Croatia	0.60
115	Ethiopia	0.61
116	India	0.61
	World Avg	0.65
q=167.

The taking of slaves has been an unwholesome feature of Human cultures since prehistory₂₅. Private households and national endeavours have frequently been augmented with the use of slaves. The Egyptian and Roman empires both thrived on them for both purposes. Aside from labourers they are often abused sexually by their owners and their owners' friends₂₆. The era of colonialism and the beginnings of globalisation changed nothing: the imprisonment and forced movements of labour continued to destroy many lives except that new justifications were invented based on Christian doctrine and the effort to convert non-Christians. By 1786 over 12 million slaves had been extracted from Africa and sent to colonial labour camps, with a truly atrocious condition of life₂₇. But they were not the only ones to blame; in Africa internal nations such as the Asantes sold and bought tens of thousands of slaves₂₈.

The abolition of the slave trade was a long and slow process. Until a relatively modern time, even philosophers, religious leaders and those concerned with ethics justified, or ignored, the problem of slavery₂₉. The first abolitionists were always the slaves themselves. Their protests and rebellions caused the industry to become too expensive to continue. After that, it was the economic costs of maintain slave colonies that led the British to reject and then oppose the slave trade globally. Finally, the enlightenment-era thinkers of France encouraged moral and ethical thinking including the declaration of the inherent value of human life and human dignity₃₀. A long-overdue wave of compassionate and conscientious movements swept across the West, eliminating public support for slavery, until the industries and churches that supported it had no choice but to back down.

'Modern slavery' includes forced labour (often of the under-age), debt bondage (especially generational), sexual slavery, chattel slavery and other forms of abuse, some of which can be surprisingly difficult to detect, but often target those fleeing from warzones and the vulnerable.₃₁. Some industries (diamond, clothing, coal) from some countries (Burundi₂₄, Eritrea₂₄, Indonesia₃₂) are a particular concern. The Walk Free Foundation, say that in 2016, 40.3 million people were living in modern slavery₃₃.

5. Gender Equality

#gender #misogyny #Montenegro #women

Gender Inequality (2015)34
Pos.		Lower is better34
1	Switzerland	0.04
2	Denmark	0.04
3	Netherlands	0.04
	...
30	Poland	0.14
31	Croatia	0.14
32	Belarus	0.14
33	Montenegro	0.16
34	New Zealand	0.16
35	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0.16
36	Macedonia	0.16
37	China	0.16
	World Avg	0.36
q=159.

Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchialism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.

Montenegro is on the way towards ending gender inequality.

See:

• "Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

6. Religion and Beliefs

#buddhism #christianity #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion

Religiosity (2009)35
Pos.		Lower is better %35
1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
32	Chile	70
33	Croatia	70
34	Singapore	70
35	Montenegro	71
36	Greece	71
37	Italy	72
38	Moldova	72
39	Kyrgyzstan	72
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₃₆:

Christian	78.1%
Muslim	18.7%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	3.2%

It appears that when asked "What religion are you" many give pollsters the 'correct' answer despite how they actually feel, and despite what they actually believe. Although 97.2% of the populace say they belong to a religion, only 71% say that they are religious when the question is phrased as "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".

For more on this phenomenon, see:

• "Institutionalized Religions Have Their Numbers Inflated by National Polls" by Vexen Crabtree (2009)

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Orthodox 74.2%, Muslim 17.7%, Catholic 3.5%, other 0.6%, unspecified 3%, atheist 1% (2003 census)₃₇.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems

7. The Internet

#internet #Montenegro #the_internet

Internet Users (2016)38
Pos.		Higher is better38
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
72	French Polynesia	64%
73	Albania	63%
74	Palestine	63%
75	Montenegro	62%
76	Bosnia & Herzegovina	62%
77	Azerbaijan	61%
78	Belarus	61%
79	St Vincent & Grenadines	60%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IPv6 Uptake (2017)39
Pos.		Higher is better Ratio39
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
168	Dominica	0.0
169	Cuba	0.0
170	St Vincent & Grenadines	0.0
171	Montenegro	0.0
172	Libya	0.0
173	Jamaica	0.0
174	Fiji	0.0
175	Jordan	0.0
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

8. Public Health Issues

#alcohol #health #Montenegro #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)34
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100034
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
37	Algeria	10.6
38	Qatar	10.7
39	Lithuania	11.0
40	Montenegro	12.2
41	Lebanon	12.4
42	Estonia	13.1
43	Poland	13.4
44	Bahrain	13.5
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Alcohol Consumption (2010)40
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita40
1	Libya	0.1
2	Pakistan	0.1
3	Kuwait	0.1
	...
135	Cameroon	8.4
136	Belize	8.5
137	Brazil	8.7
138	Montenegro	8.7
139	Sierra Leone	8.7
140	Paraguay	8.8
141	Venezuela	8.9
142	USA	9.2
	World Avg	6.2
q=191.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance (2017)41
Pos.		Lower is better Rank41
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
131	Afghanistan	131
132	Suriname	132
133	Grenada	133
134	Montenegro	134
135	Iraq	135
136	Madagascar	136
137	Congo, (Brazzaville)	137
138	Albania	138
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)42
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %42
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
117	Jamaica	90.9
118	Burkina Faso	90.6
119	Nepal	90.1
120	Montenegro	89.9
121	Zimbabwe	89.7
122	Senegal	89.5
123	Peru	89.3
124	Ireland	89.2
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Smoking Rates (2014)43
Pos.		Lower is better43
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
175	Luxembourg	2 284
176	Belgium	2 353
177	Slovenia	2 637
178	Russia	2 690
179	Macedonia	2 732
180	Lebanon	3 023
181	Belarus	3 831
182	Montenegro	4 125
	World Avg	819
q=182.

9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries