Turkmenistan

http://www.humantruth.info/turkmenistan.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

Turkmenistan
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	141st best
Capital	Ashgabat
Land Area	469 930km²₁
Location	Asia
Population	5.9m₂
Life Expectancy	69.26yrs (2017)₃
GNI	$13 021 (2017)₄
ISO3166-1 Codes	TM, TKM, 795₅
Internet Domain	.tm₆
Currency	Manat (TMM)₇
Telephone	+993₈

1. Overview

“Present-day Turkmenistan covers territory that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. The area was ruled in antiquity by various Persian empires, and was conquered by Alexander the Great, Muslim crusaders, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians. In medieval times Merv (today known as Mary) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited, have begun to transform the country. Turkmenistan is moving to expand its extraction and delivery projects. The Government of Turkmenistan is actively working to diversify its gas export routes beyond the still important Russian pipeline network. In 2010, new gas export pipelines that carry Turkmen gas to China and to northern Iran began operating, effectively ending the Russian monopoly on Turkmen gas exports. President for Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW died in December 2006, and Turkmenistan held its first multi-candidate presidential election in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a deputy cabinet chairman under NYYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president; he was chosen as president again in February 2012, in an election that the OSCE said lacked the freedoms necessary to create a competitive environment.”
CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Isolated and long dominated by an eccentric president, Turkmenistan is one of the oddest corners of Central Asia yet boasts its own distinctive attractions. By far the most mysterious and unexplored of Central Asia´s ´stans, Turkmenistan became famous for the truly bizarre dictatorship of Saparmyrat Niyazov, who ruled as `Turkmenbashi´ (`leader of the Turkmen´) until his death in 2006 and covered this little-known desert republic with golden statues of himself.
The result is a fascinating fiefdom of oddball sights and quirky historical remains. But it is also far more than the totalitarian theme park it´s often portrayed as; Turkmenistan is an ancient land of great spirituality, tradition and natural beauty.
The fabled cities of Merv and Konye-Urgench inspire visions of caravans plodding along the ancient Silk Road, while the stark and haunting beauty of the Karakum desert and other quirky natural phenomena are less expected but equally mesmerising sights. The full Turkmen experience is ultimately about mingling with the warm and fascinating Turkmen themselves, whose hospitality is the stuff of legend.”
"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Turkmenistan National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better Value₁₁
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
90	Maldives	0.747
91=	Azerbaijan	0.745
91=	Tonga	0.745
91=	Turkmenistan	0.745
91=	Algeria	0.745
95	Ecuador	0.740
96	Mongolia	0.739
97=	Egypt	0.731
	Asia Avg	0.75
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $₁₁
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
88	Gabon	$13 367
89	Ukraine	$13 256
90	Armenia	$13 158
91	Turkmenistan	$13 021
92	Iran	$13 001
93	S. Africa	$12 948
94	Suriname	$12 672
95	Sri Lanka	$12 578
	Asia Avg	$22 215
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index₁₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₂
1	Norway	28.6
2	Denmark	30.0
3	Sweden	30.7
	...
138	Rwanda	103.5
139	Libya	103.6
140	Samoa	105.2
141	Turkmenistan	105.8
142	Sao Tome & Principe	105.8
143	Lesotho	107.2
144	Tanzania	107.8
145	Malawi	108.3
	Asia Avg	87.7
	World Avg	86.8
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Turkmenistan's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Turkmenistan's population is predicted to rise to 6.165 million by 2030. This country has a fertility rate of 2.33. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population₂
Pos.		2018 Population₂
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
109	Nicaragua	6.5m
110	El Salvador	6.4m
111	Kyrgyzstan	6.3m
112	Turkmenistan	5.9m
113	Singapore	5.8m
114	Denmark	5.8m
115	Finland	5.5m
116	Slovakia	5.5m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
125	Azerbaijan	69.4
126	Kazakhstan	69.4
127	Philippines	69.3
128	Turkmenistan	69.3
129	Guatemala	69.2
130	Moldova	68.8
131	Nepal	68.4
132	Laos	68.1
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best₁₃
Pos.		2013₁₃
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
51	Colombia	2.31
52	Maldives	1.67
53	Luxembourg	1.67
54	Turkmenistan	2.33
55	Trinidad & Tobago	1.63
56	Montenegro	1.63
57	S. Africa	2.39
58	Iran	1.60
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio Lower is better₁₄
Pos.		2016 Per 100₁₄
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3=	Chad	04.7
	...
77	Bhutan	10.8
78=	Micronesia	10.8
79	Honduras	11.0
80=	Turkmenistan	11.0
80=	Maldives	11.0
82	Mongolia	11.8
83=	Uzbekistan	11.9
83=	Tonga	11.9
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants₁₅
Pos.		2017 %₁₅
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
100	Rwanda	3.6%
101	Moldova	3.5%
102	Slovakia	3.4%
103	Turkmenistan	3.4%
104	Iran	3.3%
105	Kyrgyzstan	3.3%
106	Chad	3.3%
107	Tajikistan	3.1%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants₁₆
Pos.		2010 %₁₆
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
107	Switzerland	5.4%
108	Malaysia	5.3%
109	Guinea	5.2%
110	Turkmenistan	5.0%
111	Mozambique	5.0%
112	Senegal	5.0%
113	Iraq	4.9%
114	Denmark	4.7%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance #turkmenistan

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)₁₇
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₇
1	Sweden	9.0
2	Norway	14.5
3	Denmark	14.5
	...
155	Central African Rep.	121.0
156	Oman	121.3
157	Papua New Guinea	122.2
158	Turkmenistan	122.4
159=	St Kitts & Nevis	123.0
159=	Nauru	123.0
	Asia Avg	99.9
	World Avg	87.9
q=199.

Turkmenistan is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Turkmenistan does worse than average when it comes to freethought₁₈ (still low for Asia), speed of uptake of HR treaties₁₉ and in LGBT equality₂₀. And finally, it falls into the worst 20 for commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₂₁ and in supporting press freedom₂₂ (amongst the highest in Asia). Turkmenistan is one of the world´s most closed and oppressively governed countries; the government, led by President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov controls all aspects of public life and "effectively bans all forms of religious and political expression not approved by authorities", tightly controls the media and disallows any human rights monitoring₂₃. Anyone who questions or criticizes government policies (or even simply tells outsiders about them) faces a "constant threat of reprisal"₂₃. Torture and ill-treatment of political prisoners is widespread and the justice system is so closed that the true scale of issues cannot be determined₂₃.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

Human Rights and Freedom in Turkmenistan

5. Turkmenistan's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #Turkmenistan #vaccines

Compared to Asia (2020)₂₄
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₄
1	Hong Kong	18.3
2	Maldives	41.0
3	Singapore	42.6
	...
25	India	79.6
26	Nepal	80.3
27=	Israel	82.1
28	Turkmenistan	83.1
29=	Tajikistan	83.1
30	Turkey	84.5
31	Jordan	84.8
32	Vietnam	85.4
33	Pakistan	88.5
	Asia Avg	80.1
q=50.

Health (2020)₂₄
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₄
1	Monaco	13.0
2	Hong Kong	18.3
3	Maldives	41.0
	...
56	Cuba	82.4
57	Macedonia	82.5
58	Croatia	82.9
59=	Turkmenistan	83.1
59=	Tajikistan	83.1
61	Canada	83.5
62=	Poland	83.5
63	Czechia	83.6
	World Avg	93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives₂₅. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau₂₅.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean₂₅, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa₂₅.

For more, see:

"Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Health:

Turkmenistan does relatively well in encouraging good health, compared to many other countries. Turkmenistan does better than average when it comes to its immunizations take-up₂₆, its adolescent birth rate₂₇, its fertility rate₁₃ and in its alcohol consumption rate₂₈ (but bad for Asia). Turkmenistan doesn't do so well in other areas. Turkmenistan does worse than average in terms of its smoking rate₂₉ and in its average life expectancy₁₁. The prevalence of overweight adults has increased by 14% over the past 40 years. Life expectancy in Turkmenistan improved by +5.1yrs in the 30 years from 1990, less than the global average of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
125	Azerbaijan	69.4
126	Kazakhstan	69.4
127	Philippines	69.3
128	Turkmenistan	69.3
129	Guatemala	69.2
130	Moldova	68.8
131	Nepal	68.4
132	Laos	68.1
	Asia Avg	73.48
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Alcohol Consumption Lower is better₂₈
Pos.		2016 Per Capita₂₈
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
80	Lesotho	5.0
81	Suriname	5.1
82	Nicaragua	5.2
83	Turkmenistan	5.4
84	Armenia	5.5
85	Venezuela	5.6
86=	Sierra Leone	5.7
86=	India	5.7
	Asia Avg	3.9
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best₁₃
Pos.		2013₁₃
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
51	Colombia	2.31
52	Maldives	1.67
53	Luxembourg	1.67
54	Turkmenistan	2.33
55	Trinidad & Tobago	1.63
56	Montenegro	1.63
57	S. Africa	2.39
58	Iran	1.60
	Asia Avg	2.46
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Smoking Rates Lower is better₂₉
Pos.		2014₂₉
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
112	Laos	836
113	Iran	869
114	Thailand	895
115	Turkmenistan	925₃₀
116	Chile	930
117	Ireland	954
118	Australia	956
119	Mongolia	957
	Asia Avg	1 035
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Overweight Adults Lower is better₃₁
Pos.		2016 %₃₁
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
	...
77	Yemen	48.8
78	Guyana	49.4
79	Grenada	51.4
80=	Turkmenistan	51.8
80=	Moldova	51.8
82	St Kitts & Nevis	52.3
83	Barbados	52.4
84	Papua New Guinea	52.9
	Asia Avg	44.3
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better₂₇
Pos.		2015 Per 1000₂₇
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
50	Micronesia	15.0
51	Tonga	15.2
52	Mongolia	15.7
53	Turkmenistan	16.4
54	Myanmar (Burma)	16.5
55	Malta	16.6
56	Kiribati	17.2
57	Macedonia	17.6
	Asia Avg	29.9
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 Higher is better₂₆
Pos.		2015 Avg %₂₆
1=	Hungary	99.0
1=	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
25=	Monaco	97.3
25=	Cook Islands	97.3
27	Greece	97.3
28=	Turkmenistan	97.2
28=	St Vincent & Grenadines	97.2
30	Dominica	97.1
31=	Kazakhstan	97.1
32	Albania	97.1
	Asia Avg	90.5
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

6. Turkmenistan's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #food #meat #over-exploitation #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism

Compared to Asia (2023)₃₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₂
1	Japan	33.2
2	Philippines	45.0
3	Sri Lanka	49.0
	...
38	Saudi Arabia	104.4
39	Laos	104.5
40	Oman	104.7
41	Turkmenistan	110.8
42	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	114.3
43	UAE	114.4
44	Kuwait	115.4
45	Uzbekistan	118.5
46	Afghanistan	120.3
	Asia Avg	88.8
q=51.

Responsibility Towards The Environment (2023)₃₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₂
1	Japan	33.2
2	Philippines	45.0
3	Uruguay	48.0
	...
157	Latvia	109.0
158	Lesotho	109.7
159	Sao Tome & Principe	110.3
160	Turkmenistan	110.8
161	USA	111.0
162	Grenada	111.3
163	Congo, (Brazzaville)	111.8
164	Croatia	112.0
	World Avg	85.7
q=188.

With regard to its responsibility towards the environment, Turkmenistan ranks 160th in the world. This rank is calculated from 5 data sets. Turkmenistan does better than average in terms of its environmental performance₃₃ and in its forested percent change 1990-2015₃₄. Turkmenistan does worse than average in terms of annual meat consumption per person₃₅ and in how quickly it ratified the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity. And finally, it is the worst in the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population₃₆.

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 Higher is better₃₄
Pos.		2015 %₃₄
1	Iceland	+205.6
2	Bahrain	+144.4
3	Uruguay	+131.3
	...
85=	Tonga	00.0
85=	Maldives	00.0
85=	Vanuatu	00.0
85=	Turkmenistan	00.0
85=	Djibouti	00.0
85=	S. Africa	00.0
85=	Kiribati	00.0
85=	Andorra	00.0
	Asia Avg	+07.0
	World Avg	+02.8
q=184.

Environmental Performance Higher is better₃₃
Pos.		2018₃₃
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
	...
35	Trinidad & Tobago	67.4
36	St Vincent & Grenadines	66.5
37	Latvia	66.1
38	Turkmenistan	66.1
39	Seychelles	66.0
40	Albania	65.5
41	Croatia	65.5
42	Colombia	65.2
	Asia Avg	54.5
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

Convention on Biological Diversity Earlier is better
Pos.		0 Signed
1=	China	1993 Dec 29
1=	Guinea	1993 Dec 29
1=	Cook Islands	1993 Dec 29
	...
158	Mauritania	1996 Nov 14
159	Qatar	1996 Nov 19
160	Bahrain	1996 Nov 28
161	Turkmenistan	1996 Dec 17
162	Laos	1996 Dec 19
163	Haiti	1996 Dec 24
164	Croatia	1997 Jan 05
165	Belgium	1997 Feb 20
	Asia Avg	1899 Dec 30
	World Avg	1899 Dec 30
q=197.

Rational Beliefs on the Environment Higher is better₃₆
Pos.		2011 %₃₆
1	Argentina	78.3%
2	Greece	77.6%
3	Brazil	77.1%
	...
138	Denmark	14.9%
139	Libya	14.6%
140	Iceland	13.1%
141	Uzbekistan	11.3%
142	Tajikistan	11.1%
143	Haiti	10.0%
144	Albania	9.4%
145	Turkmenistan	8.6%
	Asia Avg	37.9%
	World Avg	39.9%
q=145.

Meat Consumption Lower is better₃₅
Pos.		2021 kg₃₅
1	Congo, DR	03.0
2	Burundi	03.5
3	Bangladesh	04.3
	...
98	Zimbabwe	56.0
99	Belize	56.6
100	Japan	57.2
101	Turkmenistan	57.4
102	Papua New Guinea	58.5
103	Trinidad & Tobago	58.5
104	Armenia	60.0
105	Suriname	60.8
	Asia Avg	46.7
	World Avg	52.5
q=185.

7. Turkmenistan's Modernity and Learning

#education #intelligence #it_security #modernity #technology #the_internet

Compared to Asia (2020)₃₇
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₇
1	Taiwan	10.0
2	Japan	21.9
3=	S. Korea	24.0
	...
37	Indonesia	92.3
38	Pakistan	97.9
39	Maldives	99.8
40	Turkmenistan	105.3
41	Nepal	110.8
42	Bhutan	112.3
43	Bangladesh	112.9
44	Laos	115.2
45	Iraq	121.8
	Asia Avg	79.0
q=51.

Modernity & Learning (2020)₃₇
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₇
1	Finland	8.4
2	Taiwan	10.0
3	Switzerland	15.1
	...
139	Algeria	103.4
140	Samoa	103.4
141	Paraguay	104.4
142	Turkmenistan	105.3
143	Guinea-Bissau	106.0
144	Zambia	107.9
145	Ethiopia	108.4
146	Nepal	110.8
	World Avg	83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Length of Schooling Higher is better₃₈
Pos.		2021 Years₃₈
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
100	Dominica	13.3
101	Andorra	13.3
102	Bhutan	13.2
103	Turkmenistan	13.2
104	Kyrgyzstan	13.2
105	Philippines	13.1
106	Armenia	13.1
107	Cameroon	13.1
	Asia Avg	13.5
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

IQ Higher is better₃₉
Pos.		2006₃₉
1=	Hong Kong	108
1=	Singapore	108
3	S. Korea	106
	...
65=	Iraq	87
65=	Azerbaijan	87
65=	Indonesia	87
65=	Turkmenistan	87
65=	Uzbekistan	87
70	Kuwait	86
71=	Philippines	86
72	Yemen	85
	Asia Avg	90.4
	World Avg	85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users Higher is better₄₀
Pos.		2016₄₀
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
163	Gambia	17%
164	Laos	16%
165	Namibia	16%
166	Turkmenistan	15%
167	Bangladesh	13%
168	Iraq	13%
169	Kiribati	13%
170	Rwanda	12%
	Asia Avg	48.7%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IT Security Lower is better₄₁
Pos.		2013₄₁
1=	Ireland	0.11
1=	Luxembourg	0.11
1=	Belize	0.11
	...
55	Belarus	1.22
56	Armenia	1.22
57	Malawi	1.23
58	Turkmenistan	1.23
59	Kazakhstan	1.23
60	Djibouti	1.29
61	UK	1.34
62	Mongolia	1.42
	Asia Avg	1.08
	World Avg	0.98

IPv6 Uptake Higher is better₄₂
Pos.		2017 Ratio₄₂
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
104=	Yemen	0.0
104=	Laos	0.0
104=	Malta	0.0
104=	Turkmenistan	0.0
104=	Bangladesh	0.0
104=	Qatar	0.0
104=	Kuwait	0.0
104=	Guernsey	0.0
	Asia Avg	2.11
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

8. National Culture

#corruption #happiness #politics

Corruption Higher is better₄₃
Pos.		2022 Points₄₃
1	Denmark	90.0
2=	Finland	87.0
2=	New Zealand	87.0
	...
166	Congo, DR	20.0
167=	Nicaragua	19.0
167=	Comoros	19.0
167=	Turkmenistan	19.0
167=	Chad	19.0
171	Equatorial Guinea	17.0
172=	N. Korea	17.0
172=	Libya	17.0
	Asia Avg	39.98
	World Avg	42.98
q=180.

Turkmenistan has a poor long-term record on corruption. In 2012, became the 6th-worst country in terms of perception of corruption.

Happiness Higher is better₄₄
Pos.		2018 Score₄₄
1	Finland	7.6
2	Norway	7.6
3	Denmark	7.6
	...
65	Peru	5.7
66	Kosovo	5.7
67	Moldova	5.6
68	Turkmenistan	5.6
69	Hungary	5.6
70	Libya	5.6
71	Philippines	5.5
72	Honduras	5.5
	Asia Avg	5.29
	World Avg	5.38
q=156.

9. Peace Versus Instability

#human_development #peace #politics

Global Peace Index Lower is better₄₅
Pos.		2023 Score₄₅
1	Iceland	1.12
2	Denmark	1.31
3	Ireland	1.31
	...
97=	Azerbaijan	2.10
98	Ecuador	2.10
99	Cuba	2.10
100	Turkmenistan	2.11
101	Tajikistan	2.11
102	Kyrgyzstan	2.12
103=	Peru	2.13
103=	Guatemala	2.13
	Asia Avg	2.17
	World Avg	2.07
q=163.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy Lower is better₄₆
Pos.		2019₄₆
1	Iceland	2.40
2=	Singapore	2.50
2=	Hong Kong	2.50
	...
140	Congo, (Brazzaville)	22.80
141=	Myanmar (Burma)	22.80
141=	Gabon	22.80
143	Turkmenistan	23.40
144=	Djibouti	23.40
145	Papua New Guinea	24.10
146=	Zimbabwe	24.20
146=	Ghana	24.20
	Asia Avg	11.80
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Multidimensional Poverty Lower is better₄₇
Pos.		2018 Severity₄₇
1	Armenia	.001
2	Ukraine	.001
3	Serbia	.001
4	Turkmenistan	.001
5	Jordan	.002
6	Kazakhstan	.002
7	Montenegro	.002
8	Trinidad & Tobago	.002
9	Maldives	.003
10	Albania	.003
11	Thailand	.003
12	Moldova	.004
	Asia Avg	.084
	World Avg	.154
q=101.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #turkmenistan

Disbelief In God (2007)₄₈
Pos.		Higher is better %₄₈
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
68=	Chile	2
68=	Central African Rep.	2
68=	Tajikistan	2
68=	Turkmenistan	2
68=	Indonesia	2
73	Paraguay	1
74=	Nicaragua	1
74=	Bolivia	1
74=	Colombia	1
74=	Costa Rica	1
74=	Honduras	1
74=	Brazil	1
74=	Ecuador	1
74=	S. Africa	1
74=	Venezuela	1
74=	Peru	1
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₄₉:

Christian	6.4%
Muslim	93%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jewish	0.1%
Unaffiliated	0.5%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%₅₀.

Freedom of Religion and Belief: The government "effectively bans all forms of religious and political expression not approved by authorities" and severely punishes any gathering or activity that seems religious in nature but is not pre-approved by the state₂₃.

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