Italy (Italian Republic)

Italy Italian Republic
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	23rd best
Capital	Rome
Land Area	294 140km21
Location	Europe, The Mediterranean
Population	60.6m2
Life Expectancy	82.85yrs (2017)3
GNI	$42 840 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	IT, ITA, 3805
Internet Domain	.it6
Currency	Euro (EUR)7
Telephone	+398

1. Overview
2. Italy National and Social Development
3. Italy's Demographics and Migration
4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance
5. Italy's Health
6. Italy's Modernity and Learning
7. National Culture
8. Peace Versus Instability
9. The Natural Environment
10. Economic Inequality and Poverty
11. Religion and Beliefs
12. Links

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1. Overview

#germany

“Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946 and economic revival followed. Italy is a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community (EEC). It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include sluggish economic growth, high youth and female unemployment, organized crime, corruption, and economic disparities between southern Italy and the more prosperous north.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Italy is the ultimate dream date: impossibly good-looking, impeccably cultured and obscenely good in the kitchen. Endlessly inspiring and naturally flirtatious, it will leave you swooning. Italians really do know how to live well. Ever since the Etruscans came, liked what they saw and decided to stay and party, the locals have embraced the finer things in life. Here, family, faith, friendship, food and wine reign supreme, contributing to the famous Italian dolce vita (sweet life).

Travellers have been falling under Italy´s spell ever since the days of the 18th-century Grand Tour, enticed by its sun-kissed landscape, delectable cuisine and extraordinary art. This is the home of gently rolling Tuscan hills and postcard-perfect coastlines; the place where simple dishes such as pizza and pasta attain culinary perfection. It´s where Michelangelo shocked the establishment with his humanist sculptures and Caravaggio shocked everyone else with his criminal highjinks and darkly atmospheric paintings.

So make like Julius Caesar. Come and see - you´re sure to be conquered. If you get it right, travelling in the bel paese (beautiful country) is one of those rare experiences than cannot be overrated.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Italy National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better Value11
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
27	Spain	0.905
28	France	0.903
29	Cyprus	0.896
30	Italy	0.895
31	Estonia	0.890
32	Czechia	0.889
33	Greece	0.887
34	Poland	0.876
	Europe Avg	0.87
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $11
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
27	UK	$45 225
28	S. Korea	$44 501
29	New Zealand	$44 057
30	Italy	$42 840
31	Japan	$42 274
32	Israel	$41 524
33	Slovenia	$39 746
34	Bahrain	$39 497
	Europe Avg	$40 512
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank12
1	Norway	25.2
2	Denmark	26.1
3	Taiwan	26.6
	...
20	Spain	36.6
21	S. Korea	37.7
22	Czechia	38.1
23	Italy	39.0
24	Slovenia	39.3
25	Hungary	40.4
26	Estonia	41.1
27	Portugal	42.8
	Europe Avg	46.9
	World Avg	70.6
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Italy's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Italy's population is predicted to rise to 60.85 million by 2030. This rise is despite a low fertility rate, meaning, that this country is helping to alleviate problems with growing population in neighbouring countries by accepting immigrants, very likely as a requirement of maintaining an active workforce. This country has a fertility rate of 1.47. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population2
Pos.		2018 Population2
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
20	Thailand	69.4m
21	UK	67.1m
22	France	65.0m
23	Italy	60.6m
24	S. Africa	57.8m
25	Tanzania	56.3m
26	Myanmar (Burma)	53.7m
27	Kenya	51.4m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
9	Norway	83.2
10	Spain	83.0
11	Sweden	83.0
12	Italy	82.9
13	Singapore	82.8
14	Iceland	82.7
15	Canada	82.7
16	Luxembourg	82.6
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best13
Pos.		201313
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
86	Nicaragua	2.52
87	Belarus	1.47
88	Slovenia	1.47
89	Italy	1.47
90	Cyprus	1.46
91	Moldova	1.46
92	Cuba	1.45
93	India	2.55
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio Lower is better14
Pos.		2016 Per 10014
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
178	Netherlands	41.9
179	Slovenia	42.7
180	Finland	43.3
181	Hong Kong	43.7
182	Portugal	44.7
183	Germany	47.7
184	Italy	48.6
185	Japan	53.1
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

• The Population of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

Migration:

Immigrants15
Pos.		2017 %15
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
56	Belgium	11.1%
57	Greece	10.9%
58	Malta	10.6%
59	Italy	10.0%
60	Gambia	9.8%
61	Dominica	9.2%
62	Serbia	9.1%
63	Ivory Coast	9.0%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants16
Pos.		2010 %16
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
96	Guatemala	6.1%
97	Brunei	6.0%
98	Netherlands	6.0%
99	Italy	5.8%
100	Benin	5.8%
101	Laos	5.7%
102	Turkey	5.6%
103	Comoros	5.6%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #Italy #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)17
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank17
1	Sweden	9.2
2	Norway	14.7
3	Denmark	14.7
	...
19	Spain	28.3
20	Slovenia	33.3
21	Costa Rica	36.7
22	Italy	37.3
23	Czechia	37.9
24	Ireland	38.5
	Europe Avg	50.3
	World Avg	87.7
q=199.

Italy performs very well in ensuring human rights and freedom compared to most other countries. Italy comes in the best 20 in commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₁₈, its nominal commitment to Human Rights₁₉, opposing gender inequality₂₀ and in the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators)₂₁. It does better than average for its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice₂₂, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₂₃, speed of uptake of HR treaties₂₄, LGBT equality₂₅ and in supporting press freedom₂₆ (but bad for Europe). But, there's bad news too. Italy does worse than average in terms of freethought₂₇. In 2017, "parliament adopted a law finally making torture a crime, but with a definition and statute of limitations that do not meet international standards"₂₈. The United Nations made specific recommendations in 2017 that Italy creates "stronger measures against gender-based violence [and stronger] anti-trafficking mechanisms"₂₈.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

• Human Rights and Freedom in Italy

5. Italy's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #Italy #life_expectancy #longevity #mental_health #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Compared to Europe (2020)29
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank29
1	Monaco	13.0
2	Norway	61.0
3	Finland	65.3
4	Switzerland	65.6
5	Italy	67.5
6	Spain	69.6
7	Portugal	72.3
8	Luxembourg	72.9
9	Denmark	74.3
10	Germany	74.4
11	Austria	74.5
12	Sweden	75.6
13	Iceland	76.9
	Europe Avg	82.5
q=46.

Health (2020)29
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank29
1	Monaco	13.0
2	Hong Kong	18.3
3	Maldives	41.0
	...
18	Switzerland	65.6
19	Bangladesh	66.8
20	Kuwait	67.1
21	Italy	67.5
22	Uzbekistan	68.4
23	Saudi Arabia	69.3
24	Spain	69.6
25	Qatar	70.6
	World Avg	93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives₃₀. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau₃₀.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean₃₀, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa₃₀.

For more, see:

• "Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Health:

Italy does relatively well in encouraging good health, compared to many other countries. Italy comes in the best 20 for its average life expectancy₁₁, its adolescent birth rate₂₀ and in its fertility rate₁₃. It does better than average in its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance₃₁, its suicide rate₃₂ and in its immunizations take-up₃₃. But, things could still be better. Italy does worse than average in terms of its alcohol consumption rate₃₄ (still low for Europe) and in its smoking rate₃₅. The prevalence of overweight adults has increased by 14% between 1976 and 2016. Life expectancy in Italy in the 2000s and 2010 was amongst the top 10 in the world. It improved by +6.6yrs in the 30 years from 1990, less than the global average of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy Higher is better11
Pos.		2021 Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
9	Norway	83.2
10	Spain	83.0
11	Sweden	83.0
12	Italy	82.9
13	Singapore	82.8
14	Iceland	82.7
15	Canada	82.7
16	Luxembourg	82.6
	Europe Avg	78.36
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Alcohol Consumption Lower is better34
Pos.		2016 Per Capita34
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
109	Mongolia	7.4
110	Albania	7.5
111	Burundi	7.5
112	Italy	7.5
113	Norway	7.5
114	Kazakhstan	7.7
115	Congo, (Brazzaville)	7.8
116	Brazil	7.8
	Europe Avg	10.3
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best13
Pos.		201313
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
86	Nicaragua	2.52
87	Belarus	1.47
88	Slovenia	1.47
89	Italy	1.47
90	Cyprus	1.46
91	Moldova	1.46
92	Cuba	1.45
93	India	2.55
	Europe Avg	1.61
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Smoking Rates Lower is better35
Pos.		201435
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
146	Saudi Arabia	1 395
147	Netherlands	1 396
148	Poland	1 396
149	Italy	1 443
150	Germany	1 480
151	Bulgaria	1 505
152	Kuwait	1 517
153	Armenia	1 545
	Europe Avg	1 648
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate32
Pos.		2013 Per 100k32
1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
	...
33	Panama	10.9
34	Nicaragua	11.6
35	Costa Rica	12.1
36	Italy	12.8
37	Macedonia	13.5
38	Mauritius	13.7
39	UK	13.9
40	Ecuador	14.1
	Europe Avg	26.99
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance Lower is better31
Pos.		2017 Rank31
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
21	Japan	21
22	Spain	22
23	France	23
24	Italy	24
25	Qatar	25
26	Oman	26
27	Estonia	27
28	Austria	28
	Europe Avg	47.4
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Overweight Adults Lower is better36
Pos.		2016 %36
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
	...
124	Poland	58.3
125	Ukraine	58.4
126	Cuba	58.5
127	Italy	58.5
128	Luxembourg	58.7
129	Panama	58.8
130	Suriname	58.9
131	Colombia	59.0
	Europe Avg	58.5
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better20
Pos.		2015 Per 100020
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
11	Sweden	5.7
12	Norway	5.9
13	Luxembourg	5.9
14	Italy	6.0
15	Iceland	6.1
16	Libya	6.2
17	Finland	6.5
18	Germany	6.7
	Europe Avg	14.6
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 Higher is better33
Pos.		2015 Avg %33
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
83	Lithuania	93.9
84	Estonia	93.9
85	N. Korea	93.8
86	Italy	93.8
87	Austria	93.8
88	Argentina	93.7
89	Bulgaria	93.7
90	Serbia	93.5
	Europe Avg	92.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

6. Italy's Modernity and Learning

#education #english #intelligence #it_security #maths #modernity #politics #religion #religiosity #research #science #secularisation #technology #the_internet

Compared to Europe (2020)37
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank37
1	Finland	8.4
2	Switzerland	15.1
3	Estonia	15.8
	...
21	Poland	34.6
22	Lithuania	35.0
23	Spain	37.1
24	Italy	38.5
25	Slovakia	39.5
26	Portugal	40.1
27	Greece	40.9
28	Croatia	44.3
29	Ukraine	47.1
	Europe Avg	41.2
q=49.

Modernity & Learning (2020)37
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank37
1	Finland	8.4
2	Taiwan	10.0
3	Switzerland	15.1
	...
31	Poland	34.6
32	Lithuania	35.0
33	Spain	37.1
34	Italy	38.5
35	Slovakia	39.5
36	Portugal	40.1
37	Russia	40.6
38	Greece	40.9
	World Avg	83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Research & Development Higher is better
Pos.		2016 % RDP PPP
1	S. Korea	4.2938
2	Israel	4.1138
3	Japan	3.5838
	...
23	Ireland	1.5238
24	Estonia	1.4338
25	Hungary	1.3738
26	Italy	1.2938
27	Portugal	1.2838
28	Luxembourg	1.2638
29	Spain	1.2238
30	Russia	1.1938
	Europe Avg	1.32
	World Avg	0.84
q=126.

Secondary Education Higher is better39
Pos.		201839
1	Luxembourg	100.0%
2	Estonia	100.0%
3	Austria	100.0%
	...
58	Malaysia	80.8%
59	Cyprus	80.3%
60	Singapore	79.6%
61	Italy	79.6%
62	Hong Kong	79.4%
63	Chile	79.3%
64	China	78.6%
65	Belize	78.6%
	Europe Avg	88.3%
	World Avg	63.0%
q=169.

Length of Schooling Higher is better40
Pos.		2021 Years40
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
29	Bahrain	16.3
30	Lithuania	16.3
31	USA	16.3
32	Italy	16.2
33	Czechia	16.2
34	Latvia	16.2
35	Saudi Arabia	16.1
36	Israel	16.1
	Europe Avg	16.1
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

Intellectual Endeavours Lower is better31
Pos.		2017 Rank31
1	Ukraine	1
2	Czechia	2
3	Hungary	3
	...
38	USA	38
39	Portugal	39
40	Spain	40
41	Italy	41
42	Slovakia	42
43	Marshall Islands	43
44	S. Korea	44
45	Morocco	45
	Europe Avg	31.3
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Maths, Science & Reading Higher is better41
Pos.		2015 Score41
1	Singapore	1655
2	Hong Kong	1598
3	Japan	1586
	...
30	Czechia	1472
31	USA	1463
32	Latvia	1460
33	Italy	1456
34	Luxembourg	1450
35	Iceland	1443
36	Croatia	1426
37	Lithuania	1425
	Europe Avg	1417
	World Avg	1389
q=70.

Religiosity Lower is better42
Pos.		2018 %42
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
	...
22	Bulgaria	19
23	Norway	19
24	Netherlands	20
25	Italy	21
26	Belarus	21
27	Ireland	22
28	Kazakhstan	22
29	Spain	22
	Europe Avg	25.8
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

IQ Higher is better43
Pos.		200643
1	Hong Kong	108
2	Singapore	108
3	S. Korea	106
4	Japan	105
5	Taiwan	105
6	China	105
7	Italy	102
8	Iceland	101
9	Switzerland	101
10	Mongolia	101
11	Netherlands	100
12	Norway	100
	Europe Avg	96.6
	World Avg	85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users Higher is better44
Pos.		201644
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
64	Brazil	66%
65	St Kitts & Nevis	66%
66	Dominica	66%
67	Italy	66%
68	Uruguay	65%
69	Antigua & Barbuda	65%
70	Greece	65%
71	Saudi Arabia	65%
	Europe Avg	76.7%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

Freedom On The Internet Lower is better45
Pos.		201245
1	Estonia	10
2	USA	12
3	Germany	15
4	Australia	18
5	Hungary	19
6	Philippines	23
7	Italy	23
8	UK	25
9	S. Africa	26
10	Argentina	26
11	Ukraine	27
12	Brazil	27
	Europe Avg	31.4
	World Avg	46.7
q=47.

IT Security Lower is better46
Pos.		201346
1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
	...
47	British Virgin Islands	1.08
48	Mali	1.12
49	France	1.13
50	Italy	1.15
51	Vietnam	1.15
52	Nigeria	1.18
53	Mauritania	1.19
54	Azerbaijan	1.21
	Europe Avg	0.80
	World Avg	0.98

IPv6 Uptake Higher is better47
Pos.		2017 Ratio47
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
41	Sri Lanka	2.9
42	Latvia	2.2
43	Israel	1.8
44	Italy	1.7
45	Argentina	1.4
46	Faroe Islands	1.4
47	Russia	1.3
48	Bulgaria	1.3
	Europe Avg	8.11
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

7. National Culture

#charity #corruption #happiness #morals #politics

On the Corruption Index, Italy scored on average 43.8 over the 2012-2016 period. Over the 10 years since then, it improved by 12.2 points.

World Giving Index Higher is better48
Pos.		2022 %48
1	Indonesia	68.0
2	Kenya	61.0
3	USA	59.0
	...
111	Algeria	30.0
112	Pakistan	29.0
113	Latvia	29.0
114	Italy	29.0
115	Armenia	29.0
116	Tunisia	28.0
117	Laos	27.0
118	Portugal	26.0
	Europe Avg	39.0
	World Avg	39.6
q=125.

Corruption Higher is better49
Pos.		2022 Points49
1	Denmark	90.0
2	Finland	87.0
3	New Zealand	87.0
	...
40	Qatar	58.0
41	Czechia	56.0
42	Georgia	56.0
43	Italy	56.0
44	Slovenia	56.0
45	Dominica	55.0
46	Poland	55.0
47	St Lucia	55.0
	Europe Avg	57.61
	World Avg	42.98
q=180.

Happiness Higher is better50
Pos.		2018 Score50
1	Finland	7.6
2	Norway	7.6
3	Denmark	7.6
	...
44	Uzbekistan	6.1
45	Kuwait	6.1
46	Thailand	6.1
47	Italy	6.0
48	Ecuador	6.0
49	Belize	6.0
50	Lithuania	6.0
51	Slovenia	5.9
	Europe Avg	6.06
	World Avg	5.38
q=156.

Creativity & Culture Lower is better31
Pos.		2017 Rank31
1	Belgium	1
2	Netherlands	2
3	Estonia	3
	...
23	Lithuania	23
24	St Lucia	24
25	Canada	25
26	Italy	26
27	Mauritius	27
28	Malta	28
29	Singapore	29
30	Spain	30
	Europe Avg	35.0
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Open Trading, Aid & Development Lower is better31
Pos.		2017 Rank31
1	Ireland	1
2	Denmark	2
3	Sweden	3
	...
33	Mongolia	33
34	Spain	34
35	UK	35
36	Italy	36
37	Estonia	37
38	Cyprus	38
39	Bulgaria	39
40	Turkey	40
	Europe Avg	42.6
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

8. Peace Versus Instability

#2010s #extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index Lower is better51
Pos.		2023 Score51
1	Iceland	1.12
2	Denmark	1.31
3	Ireland	1.31
	...
31	Spain	1.65
32	Romania	1.65
33	Taiwan	1.65
34	Italy	1.66
35	Kuwait	1.67
36	Lithuania	1.67
37	UK	1.69
38	Macedonia	1.71
	Europe Avg	1.70
	World Avg	2.07
q=163.

Peacekeeping & Security Lower is better31
Pos.		2017 Rank31
1	Samoa	1
2	S. Africa	2
3	Tunisia	3
	...
52	Finland	52
53	France	53
54	Australia	54
55	Italy	55
56	Mauritius	56
57	Zambia	57
58	Romania	58
59	Vietnam	59
	Europe Avg	84.6
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Refugees & UN Treaties Lower is better31
Pos.		2017 Rank31
1	Austria	1
2	Germany	2
3	Netherlands	3
	...
11	Canada	11
12	UK	12
13	Belgium	13
14	Italy	14
15	Spain	15
16	France	16
17	Cyprus	17
18	Slovenia	18
	Europe Avg	37.8
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Impact of Terrorism Lower is better52
Pos.		2019 Score52
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
	...
85	Rwanda	2.95
86	Nicaragua	2.95
87	Jordan	3.09
88	Italy	3.11
89	Paraguay	3.12
90	Bahrain	3.20
91	Tanzania	3.27
92	Spain	3.35
	Europe Avg	1.62
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

9. The Natural Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #over-exploitation #the_environment

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 Higher is better53
Pos.		2015 %53
1	Iceland	+205.6
2	Bahrain	+144.4
3	Uruguay	+131.3
	...
24	Greece	+22.9
25	Philippines	+22.7
26	Lesotho	+22.5
27	Italy	+22.5
28	Turkey	+21.8
29	Iran	+17.8
30	France	+17.7
31	Algeria	+17.3
	Europe Avg	+15.0
	World Avg	+02.8
q=184.

Environmental Performance Higher is better54
Pos.		201854
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
	...
13	Germany	78.4
14	Norway	77.5
15	Belgium	77.4
16	Italy	77.0
17	New Zealand	76.0
18	Netherlands	75.5
19	Israel	75.0
20	Japan	74.7
	Europe Avg	69.6
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

Energy to GDP Efficiency Higher is better55
Pos.		201455
1	Hong Kong	26.32
2	Sri Lanka	20.00
3	Panama	17.86
	...
16	Philippines	13.51
17	Luxembourg	13.33
18	Bangladesh	13.16
19	Italy	13.16
20	Cyprus	12.99
21	Morocco	12.66
22	Albania	12.50
23	Spain	12.50
	Europe Avg	09.80
	World Avg	09.29
q=119.

Convention on Biological Diversity Earlier is better
Pos.		0 Signed
1	China	1993 Dec 29
2	Guinea	1993 Dec 29
3	Cook Islands	1993 Dec 29
	...
53	Sri Lanka	1994 Jun 21
54	Ethiopia	1994 Jul 04
55	Dominica	1994 Jul 05
56	Italy	1994 Jul 14
57	Bangladesh	1994 Aug 01
58	Luxembourg	1994 Aug 07
59	Georgia	1994 Aug 31
60	Egypt	1994 Aug 31
	Europe Avg	1899 Dec 30
	World Avg	1899 Dec 30
q=197.

Rational Beliefs on the Environment Higher is better56
Pos.		2011 %56
1	Argentina	78.3%
2	Greece	77.6%
3	Brazil	77.1%
	...
39	Burkina Faso	50.5%
40	Dominican Rep.	50.2%
41	Thailand	49.9%
42	Italy	49.6%
43	Vietnam	49.1%
44	Honduras	48.1%
45	Iran	47.9%
46	Turkey	47.4%
	Europe Avg	33.6%
	World Avg	39.9%
q=145.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy Lower is better57
Pos.		201957
1	Iceland	2.40
2	Singapore	2.50
3	Hong Kong	2.50
	...
10	S. Korea	3.00
11	Spain	3.00
12	Netherlands	3.10
13	Italy	3.10
14	Israel	3.30
15	Luxembourg	3.40
16	Ireland	3.40
17	Portugal	3.50
	Europe Avg	4.86
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) Lower is better58
Pos.		2017 %58
1	Ukraine	25.0
2	Belarus	25.4
3	Slovenia	25.4
	...
58	Burkina Faso	35.3
59	Liberia	35.3
60	Sudan	35.4
61	Italy	35.4
62	Portugal	35.5
63	Macedonia	35.6
64	India	35.7
65	Australia	35.8
	Europe Avg	31.5
	World Avg	38.1
q=152.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#afterlife #belief #buddhism #christianity #god #heaven #hell #hinduism #islam #italy #judaism #religion #religion_in_italy #religiosity #secularisation #universalism

Religiosity (2018)42
Pos.		Lower is better %42
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
	...
22	Bulgaria	19
23	Norway	19
24	Netherlands	20
25	Italy	21
26	Belarus	21
27	Ireland	22
28	Kazakhstan	22
29	Spain	22
30	Slovakia	23
31	Ukraine	23
32	Canada	27
33	Uzbekistan	29
34	Uruguay	29
35	Poland	30
36	Serbia	34
37	Israel	36
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

Disbelief In God (2007)59
Pos.		Higher is better %59
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
46	Kyrgyzstan	7
47	Cambodia	7
48	Moldova	6
49	Italy	6
50	Laos	5
51	Ireland	5
52	Mozambique	5
53	Zimbabwe	4
54	Namibia	4
55	Iran	4
56	Mexico	4
57	Portugal	4
58	Romania	4
59	Argentina	4
60	Georgia	4
61	Uzbekistan	4
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₆₀:

Christian	83.3%
Muslim	3.7%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.2%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jewish	0.1%
Unaffiliated	12.4%

It appears that when asked "What religion are you" many give pollsters the 'correct' answer despite how they actually feel, and despite what they actually believe. Although 87.5% of the populace say they belong to a religion, only 21% say that they are religious when the question is phrased as "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".

For more on this phenomenon, see:

• "Institutionalized Religions Have Their Numbers Inflated by National Polls" by Vexen Crabtree (2009)

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Christian 80% (overwhelming Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehova Witnesses and Protestants), Muslims NEGL (about 700,000 but growing), Atheists and Agnostics 20%₆₁.

The Afterlife: Ipsos-NA in 2011 gathered some statistics on ItalyIpsos (2011).. Despite the large numbers of Christians, not many have traditional beliefs in the afterlife - just 21%. More people don't know what to believe (25%). Some believe that upon death, you simply cease to exist (24%). Also, 2% specifically believe in heaven but not in hell (which is nice - making them possible "universalists"). 4% believe in reincarnation.

Freedom of Religion and Belief: Italian law has a definite bias towards Catholic Christianity₆₂. Although the constitution protects freedom of religion and belief, blasphemy laws are specifically used to the favour of Christians, and the education system is somewhat biased - all classrooms in state schools must display crucifixes, for example₆₂, which can only ever entrench prejudice and discrimination at the social level.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?
• Human Rights and Freedom in Italy: 4.3. Freedom of Thought

There isn't much information in the database for Italy, most likely because it is either a part of another country (i.e., a territory or possession) and therefore most international statistics are counted for the country as a whole, or, this is such an exotic place that little data exists about it.