Haiti (Republic of Haiti)

Haiti Republic of Haiti
Status	Independent State
Capital	Port-au-Prince
Land Area	27 560km21
Location	North America, The Americas, Caribbean
Groupings	Small Islands
Population	10.3m (2011)2
Life Expectancy	63.12yrs (2017)3
GNI	$1 657 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	HT, HTI, 3325
Internet Domain	.ht6
Currency	Gourde (HTG)7
Telephone	+5098

1. Overview
2. Haiti National and Social Development
3. Population and Demographics
4. Politics and Freedom
5. Gender Equality
6. Religion and Beliefs
7. The Internet
8. Public Health Issues
9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries
10. Links

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1. Overview

#france #spain

“The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world, declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. After an armed rebellion led to the forced resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE in February 2004, an interim government took office to organize new elections under the auspices of the United Nations. Continued instability and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, but Haiti inaugurated a democratically elected president and parliament in May of 2006. This was followed by contested elections in 2010 that resulted in the election of Haiti's current President, Michel MARTELLY. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Haiti is still struggling with the aftermath of the devastating 2010 earthquake. But this is a proud country, born of revolution, and its people are determined to rebuild for a better future. Forget for a moment the rubble that still clogs parts of the capital. In actual fact, Haiti was once at the forefront of Caribbean tourism. In the 1950s, Port-au-Prince was rivaled only by Havana as a destination for the rich and famous; its jazz clubs and casinos a favored getaway for the Hollywood elite.

With a modicum of stability, Haiti could yet become the Caribbean´s alternative travel destination par excellence: it has palm-fringed beaches to rival any of its neighbors. But lazing on the sand isn´t really the point of Haiti (although you can do that, too). The richness of the country lies in its history and culture, closer to its African roots than any other Caribbean nation and ever present in its vibrant art and music scenes.

Haiti isn´t the easiest country to travel in. You frequently need to keep an ear out for the news, and it can be more expensive than you´d expect. However, once you´re there, travel is not only possible, but also incredibly rewarding. It´s an addictive country to visit.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Haiti National and Social Development

#human_development

UN HDI (2016)11
Pos.		Lower is better Rank11
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
161	Lesotho	160
162	Senegal	162
163	Uganda	163
164	Haiti	163
165	Sudan	165
166	Togo	166
167	Benin	167
168	Yemen	168
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Higher is better Points12
1	Denmark	84.2
2	Sweden	83.7
3	Finland	83.5
	...
136	St Kitts & Nevis	47.1
137	Solomon Islands	47.0
138	Sao Tome & Principe	46.9
139	Haiti	46.7
140	Egypt	46.5
141	Uganda	46.4
142	Myanmar (Burma)	46.2
143	Bangladesh	46.1
	World Avg	54.1
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

#demographics #Haiti #health #immigration #life_expectancy #overpopulation #population

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)13
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10013
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
64	Kiribati	09.5
65	Guatemala	09.5
66	Saudi Arabia	09.5
67	Haiti	09.6
68	Vanuatu	09.9
69	Cape Verde	10.0
70	Philippines	10.3
71	Cambodia	10.4
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Dominica	104.8
2	Palestine	68.4
3	Samoa	67.3
	...
67	Hong Kong	10.2
68	Dominican Rep.	10.1
69	Zimbabwe	9.9
70	Haiti	9.9
71	San Marino	9.9
72	Burkina Faso	9.7
73	Slovakia	9.6
74	Morocco	9.3
	World Avg	11.5
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013)15
Pos.		2.0 is best15
1	Korea, N.	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
124	Namibia	3.08
125	Zimbabwe	3.15
126	Tajikistan	3.19
127	Haiti	3.19
128	Gabon	3.20
129	Swaziland	3.21
130	Bolivia	3.25
131	Pakistan	3.25
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Immigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Qatar	86.5
2	Monaco	71.6
3	UAE	70.0
	...
169	Papua New Guinea	0.4
170	Brazil	0.4
171	Angola	0.3
172	Haiti	0.3
173	Vanuatu	0.3
174	Tunisia	0.3
175	Honduras	0.3
176	Eritrea	0.3
	World Avg	9.2
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015)16
Pos.		Higher is better Years16
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
153	Sudan	63.73
154	Comoros	63.57
155	Mauritania	63.24
156	Haiti	63.12
157	Congo, (Brazzaville)	62.89
158	Papua New Guinea	62.77
159	Djibouti	62.30
160	Kenya	62.16
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)17
Pos.		The Overpopulation of the Earth17
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
79	S. Sudan	10.7m
80	Czechia	10.6m
81	Guinea	10.5m
82	Haiti	10.3m
83	Bolivia	10.2m
84	Dominican Rep.	10.2m
85	Hungary	9.9m
86	Serbia	9.8m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Haiti's population is predicted to rise to 12.53 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 3.19. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

• The Overpopulation of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

4. Politics and Freedom

#antisemitism #burundi #corruption #eritrea #france #freedom #Haiti #human_development #human_rights #indonesia #mass_media #peace #politics #slavery

Anti-Semite Opinions (2014)18
Pos.		Lower is better %18
1	Laos	0
2	Philippines	3
3	Sweden	4
	...
32	Trinidad & Tobago	24
33	Argentina	24
34	Mexico	24
35	Haiti	26
36	Mongolia	26
37	Switzerland	26
38	Belgium	27
39	Germany	27
	World Avg	36.8
q=101.

Corruption (2012-2016)19
Pos.		Higher is better Avg Score19
1	Denmark	90.8
2	New Zealand	90.6
3	Finland	89.4
	...
162	Angola	19.4
163	Guinea-Bissau	19.2
164	Syria	18.8
165	Haiti	18.8
166	Yemen	18.4
167	Venezuela	18.4
168	Uzbekistan	18.4
169	Turkmenistan	18.2
	World Avg	43.05
q=176.

Global Peace Index (2012)20
Pos.		Lower is better20
1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
103	Congo, (Brazzaville)	2.15
104	Kazakhstan	2.15
105	Saudi Arabia	2.18
106	Haiti	2.18
107	Cambodia	2.21
108	Belarus	2.21
109	Uzbekistan	2.22
110	El Salvador	2.22
	World Avg	2.02
q=157.

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009)21
Pos.		Higher is better Treaties21
1	Argentina	24
2	Chile	23
3	Costa Rica	23
	...
135	Nepal	13
136	Djibouti	13
137	Ethiopia	12
138	Haiti	12
139	Dominica	12
140	Central African Rep.	12
141	Bahrain	12
142	Israel	12
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom (2014)22
Pos.		Lower is better Rank22
1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
	...
58	El Salvador	58
59	Ghana	59
60	Jamaica	60
61	Haiti	61
62	Fiji	61
63	Dominican Rep.	63
64	Cambodia	64
65	Madagascar	65
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

Press Freedom (2013)23
Pos.		Lower is better23
1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
	...
45	Burkina Faso	2370
46	Taiwan	2382
47	Samoa	2384
48	Haiti	2409
49	Korea, S.	2448
50	Comoros	2452
51	S. Africa	2456
52	Japan	2517
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

Slavery (2018)24
Pos.		Lower is better % Victims24
1	Japan	0.03
2	Canada	0.05
3	Taiwan	0.05
	...
104	Egypt	0.55
105	Benin	0.55
106	Venezuela	0.56
107	Haiti	0.56
108	Zambia	0.57
109	Gambia	0.58
110	Lithuania	0.58
111	Ivory Coast	0.59
	World Avg	0.65
q=167.

The taking of slaves has been an unwholesome feature of Human cultures since prehistory₂₅. Private households and national endeavours have frequently been augmented with the use of slaves. The Egyptian and Roman empires both thrived on them for both purposes. Aside from labourers they are often abused sexually by their owners and their owners' friends₂₆. The era of colonialism and the beginnings of globalisation changed nothing: the imprisonment and forced movements of labour continued to destroy many lives except that new justifications were invented based on Christian doctrine and the effort to convert non-Christians. By 1786 over 12 million slaves had been extracted from Africa and sent to colonial labour camps, with a truly atrocious condition of life₂₇. But they were not the only ones to blame; in Africa internal nations such as the Asantes sold and bought tens of thousands of slaves₂₈.

The abolition of the slave trade was a long and slow process. Until a relatively modern time, even philosophers, religious leaders and those concerned with ethics justified, or ignored, the problem of slavery₂₉. The first abolitionists were always the slaves themselves. Their protests and rebellions caused the industry to become too expensive to continue. After that, it was the economic costs of maintain slave colonies that led the British to reject and then oppose the slave trade globally. Finally, the enlightenment-era thinkers of France encouraged moral and ethical thinking including the declaration of the inherent value of human life and human dignity₃₀. A long-overdue wave of compassionate and conscientious movements swept across the West, eliminating public support for slavery, until the industries and churches that supported it had no choice but to back down.

'Modern slavery' includes forced labour (often of the under-age), debt bondage (especially generational), sexual slavery, chattel slavery and other forms of abuse, some of which can be surprisingly difficult to detect, but often target those fleeing from warzones and the vulnerable.₃₁. Some industries (diamond, clothing, coal) from some countries (Burundi₂₄, Eritrea₂₄, Indonesia₃₂) are a particular concern. The Walk Free Foundation, say that in 2016, 40.3 million people were living in modern slavery₃₃.

5. Gender Equality

#gender #Haiti #misogyny #politics #women

Gender Inequality (2015)34
Pos.		Lower is better34
1	Switzerland	0.04
2	Denmark	0.04
3	Netherlands	0.04
	...
139	Mozambique	0.57
140	Sudan	0.57
141	Congo, (Brazzaville)	0.59
142	Haiti	0.59
143	Papua New Guinea	0.59
144	Benin	0.61
145	Malawi	0.61
146	Burkina Faso	0.62
	World Avg	0.36
q=159.

Year Women Can Vote35
Pos.		Lower is better Year35
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
81	Bosnia & Herzegovina	1949
82	Barbados	1950
83	India	1950
84	Haiti	1950
85	Antigua & Barbuda	1951
86	Grenada	1951
87	Nepal	1951
88	Dominica	1951
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchialism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.

The 1950s saw a late rush of 43 countries, including Haiti and many developing nations, move to cease preventing women from voting. Haiti is an unequal country, with male rights dominating those of women.

See:

• "Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

6. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #voodoo

Disbelief In God (2007)36
Pos.		Higher is better36
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
105	Zambia	0
106	Tanzania	0
107	Malaysia	0
108	Haiti	0
109	Iraq	0
110	Guinea	0
111	Ghana	0
112	Jordan	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₃₇:

Christian	86.9%
Muslim	0.1%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	2.2%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	10.6%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%. Note: Despite what they put on official forms, roughly half of the population practices Voodoo.₃₈.

An introduction to Vodun, or Voodoo:

“A traditional religion from Western Africa with an ethical focus on combating greed and promoting honour. It is based on the worship of spirits that are loyal to a monotheistic₃₉ deistic (non-interventionist) creator god. It is more correctly known as Vodun, although other titles include Vodoun, Voudou, and Sevi Lwa. "The name is traceable to an African word for 'spirit'. Vodun's roots go back to the West African Yoruba people who lived in 18th and 19th century Dahomey. That country occupied parts of today's Togo, Benin and Nigeria"₄₀. When West Africans were forcibly taken to Haiti and other islands in the West Indies as slaves, their beliefs spread with them_39,40, and also to South America and the Caribbean region in general₄₁. Voodoo was suppressed and its followers persecuted₃₉ by Christian powermongers, and it was forced underground, with many believers merely pretending to be Christian, and practicing Voodoo in secret_39,42,43. As a result of this, Voodoo priests were well-placed to orchestrate and inspire slave revolts. It is now acknowledged that Voodoo merged African beliefs with re-interpreted Christian saints and symbols_41,39, but also that Christianity abused and mis-represented Voodoo, causing long term damage to its reputation. There are up to 60 million Voodoo practitioners worldwide, with about 16 million in Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria₃₉.”

"An introduction to Vodun, or Voodoo" by Vexen Crabtree (2016)

Vodun is still practiced by the majority of Haiti even though the majority also call themselves Christian. "It was given official status as a national religion in 2003 by Jean-Bertrand Aristide, then Haitian president"₃₉. Haitian Voodoo is has some features that distinguishing it from African Voodoo. The success of the hope-inspiring slave revolts was directly related to the secretive and suppressed nature of the Vodun religion within the slave culture. The underground religion naturally expanded to include underground abolitionist activism and played an inspirational and functional role, directly facilitating underground societies and powerful leaders, something which no other anti-slave movement did. This series of revolts led to Toussaint L'Ouverture and his successes in the region, which inspired and fuelled abolitionist movements worldwide.

“Some historians say that voodoo's bad image in the world is because Haitian slaves used it as a form of protest; it gave them a secret place where they could foment revolt against their masters.”

The Economist (2006)₄₄

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?

7. The Internet

#Haiti #internet #the_internet

Internet Users (2016)45
Pos.		Higher is better45
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
169	Kiribati	13%
170	Rwanda	12%
171	Mali	12%
172	Haiti	12%
173	Papua New Guinea	12%
174	Djibouti	12%
175	Cambodia	11%
176	Gabon	10%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

8. Public Health Issues

#alcohol #Haiti #health #mental_health #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)34
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100034
1	Korea, N.	0.5
2	Korea, S.	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
90	Tajikistan	38.1
91	Vietnam	38.6
92	Pakistan	38.7
93	Haiti	39.3
94	Syria	39.4
95	Kyrgyzstan	39.6
96	Georgia	39.7
97	Barbados	40.7
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Alcohol Consumption (2010)46
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita46
1	Libya	0.1
2	Pakistan	0.1
3	Kuwait	0.1
	...
92	Bolivia	5.9
93	Ivory Coast	6.0
94	Colombia	6.2
95	Haiti	6.4
96	Cook Islands	6.4
97	Lesotho	6.5
98	Vietnam	6.6
99	Equatorial Guinea	6.6
	World Avg	6.2
q=191.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance (2017)47
Pos.		Lower is better Rank47
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
112	Romania	112
113	Peru	113
114	Kenya	114
115	Haiti	115
116	Malawi	116
117	Swaziland	117
118	Iran	118
119	Yemen	119
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)48
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %48
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
181	Samoa	68.1
182	Yemen	67.4
183	Papua New Guinea	66.3
184	Haiti	65.7
185	Vanuatu	65.5
186	Guinea	63.3
187	Syria	62.4
188	Ukraine	55.2
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Smoking Rates (2014)49
Pos.		Lower is better49
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
23	Sao Tome & Principe	111
24	India	111
25	Eritrea	114
26	Haiti	114
27	Peru	116
28	Somalia	117
29	Ghana	121
30	Benin	122
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate (2013)50
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100k50
1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
4	Jordan	0.2
5	Maldives	0.7
6	Azerbaijan	1.3
7	S. Africa	1.8
8	Bahamas	2.5
9	Peru	2.9
10	Kuwait	3.6
11	Armenia	3.9
12	Dominican Rep.	4.6
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries