The Human Truth Foundation

Papua New Guinea (Independent State of Papua New Guinea)

http://www.humantruth.info/papua_new_guinea.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

#papua_new_guinea

Papua New Guinea
Independent State of Papua New Guinea
StatusIndependent State
Social and Moral Index182nd best
CapitalPort Moresby
Land Area 452 860km21
LocationAustralasia, Melanesia
Population8.6m2
Life Expectancy65.35yrs (2017)3
GNI$4 009 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 CodesPG, PNG, 5985
Internet Domain.pg6
CurrencyKina (PGK)7
Telephone+6758

1. Overview

#australia #germany #indonesia #papua_new_guinea #UK

The island of New Guinea is divided almost equally into two halves. The Eatern half is called Papua New Guinea, which has been an independent state since 1975, before which it was owned by Australia, Germany and the UK. The Western half is part of Indonesia. Humans have lived on the island of New Guinea for 40,000 years, whereupon they started cultivating and exploiting plants like yams and taro9.

The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives.

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)10

Book CoverCoral-ringed beaches, smouldering volcanoes and rainforest-covered mountains meet traditional villages and tropical islands in a remote and unforgettable adventure getaway. The striking natural beauty and myriad complex cultures in Papua New Guinea offer some riveting and truly life-affirming experiences - along with some challenging, frontier-style travel. Highland cultures, wild festivals, world-class diving, the notorious Kokoda Track and a relative dearth of tourists make this one of the Pacific´s most intriguing destinations.

PNG is a megadiverse region, owing much of its diversity to its topography. The mountainous terrain has spawned diversity in two ways: isolated highlands are often home to unique fauna and flora found nowhere else, while within any one mountain range you will find different species as you go higher.

Slip beneath the surface to find an incredible underwater world and a wealth of WWII wreck dives. For a glimpse into PNG´s fascinating tribal cultures, head to the Highlands or to the remote, untrammelled island provinces and Trobriand Islands. Just don´t expect a lazy island resort holiday - PNG is a true travel experience.

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)11

2. Papua New Guinea National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)12
Pos.Higher is better
Value12
1Switzerland0.962
2Norway0.961
3Iceland0.959
...
154Zambia0.565
155Solomon Islands0.564
156=Comoros0.558
156=Papua New Guinea0.558
158Mauritania0.556
159Ivory Coast0.550
160Tanzania0.549
161Pakistan0.544
Australasia Avg0.70
World Avg0.72
q=191.
Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)12
Pos.Higher is better
PPP $12
1Liechtenstein$146 830
2Singapore$90 919
3Qatar$87 134
...
150Cambodia$4 079
151Kiribati$4 063
152Sao Tome & Principe$4 021
153Papua New Guinea$4 009
154Nepal$3 877
155Myanmar (Burma)$3 851
156Zimbabwe$3 810
157Micronesia$3 696
Australasia Avg$12 519
World Avg$20 136
q=193.
Social & Moral
Development Index
13
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank13
1Norway28.6
2Denmark30.0
3Sweden30.7
...
179Mauritania123.1
180Comoros124.0
181Burundi124.1
182Papua New Guinea124.9
183Yemen125.0
184Sudan126.9
185Angola127.9
186Congo, DR128.2
Australasia Avg102.5
World Avg86.8
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Papua New Guinea's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Papua New Guinea's population is predicted to rise to 10.18 million by 2030. This country has a fertility rate of 3.83. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population2
Pos.2018
Population2
1China1.4b
2India1.4b
3USA327.1m
...
95Tajikistan9.1m
96Austria8.9m
97Serbia8.8m
98Papua New Guinea8.6m
99Switzerland8.5m
100Israel8.4m
101Togo7.9m
102Sierra Leone7.7m
World Avg39.0m
q=195.
Life Expectancy
Higher is better
12
Pos.2021
Years12
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
...
145Gabon65.8
146Guyana65.7
147Myanmar (Burma)65.7
148Papua New Guinea65.4
149Marshall Islands65.3
150Sudan65.3
151Ethiopia65.0
152Tuvalu64.5
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Fertility Rate
2.0 is best
14
Pos.201314
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
...
135Vanuatu3.77
136Samoa3.77
137Tonga3.81
138Papua New Guinea3.83
139Guatemala3.86
140Togo3.90
141Ethiopia3.91
142Ghana4.03
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Old-Age Dependency Ratio
Lower is better
15
Pos.2016
Per 10015
1Uganda04.3
2Mali04.5
3=Chad04.7
...
34Comoros06.3
35=Mozambique06.4
35=Madagascar06.4
35=Papua New Guinea06.4
38Ghana06.5
39=Palestine06.5
40Ethiopia06.6
41=Swaziland06.6
World Avg18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants16
Pos.2017
%16
1UAE88.4%
2Kuwait75.5%
3Qatar65.2%
...
173Cambodia0.5%
174Honduras0.4%
175Solomon Islands0.4%
176Papua New Guinea0.4%
177India0.4%
178Afghanistan0.4%
179Haiti0.4%
180Brazil0.4%
World Avg9.4%
q=195.
Emigrants17
Pos.2010
%17
1Dominica104.8%
2Palestine68.4%
3Samoa67.3%
...
175Myanmar (Burma)1.0%
176Solomon Islands1.0%
177India0.9%
178Papua New Guinea0.9%
179USA0.8%
180Namibia0.7%
181Ethiopia0.7%
182Tanzania0.7%
World Avg11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #papua_new_guinea #politics #prejudice #tolerance

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)18
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank18
1Sweden9.0
2Norway14.5
3Denmark14.5
...
154UAE119.8
155Central African Rep.121.0
156Oman121.3
157Papua New Guinea122.2
158Turkmenistan122.4
159=St Kitts & Nevis123.0
Australasia Avg119.7
World Avg87.9
q=199.
Papua New Guinea is very poor at ensuring human rights and freedom compared to the rest of the world, and it has cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Papua New Guinea does better than average in supporting press freedom19 (amongst the best in Australasia), commentary in Human Rights Watch reports20 (amongst the highest in Australasia) and in supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms21 (but one of the worst in Australasia). But, things could still be better. Papua New Guinea does worse than average in terms of freethought22 (amongst the worst in Australasia), LGBT equality23 and in its nominal commitment to Human Rights24. And finally, it falls into the worst-performing 20 in terms of opposing gender inequality25 (one of the highest in Australasia) and in speed of uptake of HR treaties26. "The government has not taken sufficient steps to address gender inequality, violence, excessive use of force by police, or corruption and relies heavily on religious groups and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) to provide services on a charitable basis to meet the economic and social rights of the population"27.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

5. Papua New Guinea's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #obesity #overpopulation #Papua_New_Guinea #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Compared to Australasia (2020)28
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank28
1Solomon Islands82.0
2Australia84.6
3Kiribati87.0
...
8=Tonga104.1
9Samoa107.8
10Tuvalu112.5
11Micronesia114.2
12Papua New Guinea120.8
13Cook Islands123.7
14Nauru134.8
15Palau146.0
16Marshall Islands158.3
Australasia Avg109.4
q=16.
Health (2020)28
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank28
1Monaco13.0
2Hong Kong18.3
3Maldives41.0
...
179Venezuela118.5
180=Chad119.9
180=Swaziland119.9
182Papua New Guinea120.8
183Mali122.1
184Congo, (Brazzaville)123.4
185Cook Islands123.7
186Namibia125.9
World Avg93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives29. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau29.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean29, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa29.

For more, see:

Health:

Papua New Guinea is a pretty unhealthy country. Papua New Guinea does better than average in terms of its alcohol consumption rate30 (one of the lowest in Australasia). But unfortunately Papua New Guinea gets most other things wrong. It does worse than average for its smoking rate31 (one of the highest in Australasia), its adolescent birth rate25 (the highest in Australasia), its fertility rate14 (one of the worst in Australasia) and in its average life expectancy12 (amongst the lowest in Australasia). And finally, it falls into the worst 20 in its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance32 (the worst in Australasia) and in its immunizations take-up33 (amongst the worst in Australasia). The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% during the last 40 years. Life expectancy in Papua New Guinea improved by +5.8yrs in the 30 years from 1990, less than the global average of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy
Higher is better
12
Pos.2021
Years12
1Monaco85.9
2Hong Kong85.5
3Japan84.8
...
145Gabon65.8
146Guyana65.7
147Myanmar (Burma)65.7
148Papua New Guinea65.4
149Marshall Islands65.3
150Sudan65.3
151Ethiopia65.0
152Tuvalu64.5
Australasia Avg70.11
World Avg71.28
q=195.
Alcohol Consumption
Lower is better
30
Pos.2016
Per Capita30
1Bangladesh0.0
2Kuwait0.0
3Libya0.0
...
27=Comoros0.9
28Iran1.0
29=Vanuatu1.0
30Papua New Guinea1.2
31=Eritrea1.3
31=Guinea1.3
31=Mali1.3
34Solomon Islands1.4
Australasia Avg4.3
World Avg6.2
q=189.
Fertility Rate
2.0 is best
14
Pos.201314
1N. Korea2.00
2Brunei1.99
3St Vincent & Grenadines2.01
...
135Vanuatu3.77
136Samoa3.77
137Tonga3.81
138Papua New Guinea3.83
139Guatemala3.86
140Togo3.90
141Ethiopia3.91
142Ghana4.03
Australasia Avg3.26
World Avg2.81
q=180.
Smoking Rates
Lower is better
31
Pos.201431
1Guinea 15
2Solomon Islands 26
3Kiribati 28
...
106Qatar 698
107UAE 715
108Namibia 740
109Papua New Guinea 826
110UK 827
111Sweden 831
112Laos 836
113Iran 869
Australasia Avg 372
World Avg 819
q=182.
Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance
Lower is better
32
Pos.2017
Rank32
1Sweden1
2Ireland2
3Denmark3
...
154Cape Verde154
155Bahamas155
156Libya156
157Papua New Guinea157
158Belize158
159Algeria159
160Senegal160
161Mauritania161
Australasia Avg94.6
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Overweight Adults
Lower is better34
Pos.2016
%34
1Vietnam18.3
2India19.7
3Bangladesh20.0
...
81=Moldova51.8
82St Kitts & Nevis52.3
83Barbados52.4
84Papua New Guinea52.9
85Bosnia & Herzegovina53.3
86Paraguay53.5
87=Kazakhstan53.6
87=Azerbaijan53.6
Australasia Avg73.3
World Avg49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate
Lower is better
25
Pos.2015
Per 100025
1N. Korea0.5
2S. Korea1.6
3Switzerland2.9
...
113Egypt51.9
114St Lucia53.9
115Eritrea54.3
116Papua New Guinea54.8
117Uruguay56.1
118Costa Rica56.5
119Seychelles57.4
120Paraguay57.4
Australasia Avg30.1
World Avg47.9
q=185.
Infant Immunizations 2011-2015
Higher is better
33
Pos.2015
Avg %33
1=Hungary99.0
1=China99.0
3Uzbekistan98.9
...
180Niger69.7
181Samoa68.1
182Yemen67.4
183Papua New Guinea66.3
184Haiti65.7
185Vanuatu65.5
186Guinea63.3
187Syria62.4
Australasia Avg86.4
World Avg88.3
q=194.

6. Papua New Guinea's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #food #meat #over-exploitation #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism

Compared to Australasia (2023)35
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank35
1Fiji63.3
2New Zealand63.8
3Australia66.4
4Vanuatu75.0
5=Kiribati87.0
6Papua New Guinea89.0
7=Solomon Islands103.0
7=Micronesia103.0
9Samoa108.0
10=Nauru108.0
11Tonga115.0
Australasia Avg89.2
q=11.
Responsibility Towards The Environment (2023)35
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank35
1Japan33.2
2Philippines45.0
3Uruguay48.0
...
109Equatorial Guinea88.0
110Honduras88.3
111Senegal88.5
112Papua New Guinea89.0
113Cambodia90.0
114Thailand90.4
115Syria91.0
116Dominica91.7
World Avg85.7
q=188.
When it comes to its responsibility towards the environment, Papua New Guinea is positioned 112nd in the world. This rank is calculated from 4 data sets. Papua New Guinea performs the best in terms of how quickly it ratified the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity. However Papua New Guinea performs less well in most areas. It does worse than average when it comes to its forested percent change 1990-201536 (amongst the worst in Australasia) and in annual meat consumption per person37. And finally, it falls into the worst-performing 20 in terms of its environmental performance38 (the lowest in Australasia).

Forest Area Change 1990-2015
Higher is better
36
Pos.2015
%36
1Iceland+205.6
2Bahrain+144.4
3Uruguay+131.3
...
98=Barbados00.0
98=St Kitts & Nevis00.0
100Norway-00.2
101Papua New Guinea-00.2
102Canada-00.3
103Jordan-00.6
104Suriname-00.6
105Guyana-00.8
Australasia Avg+03.4
World Avg+02.8
q=184.
Environmental Performance
Higher is better
38
Pos.201838
1Switzerland87.4
2France84.0
3Denmark81.6
...
161Cameroon40.8
162Swaziland40.3
163Djibouti40.0
164Papua New Guinea39.4
165Eritrea39.3
166Mauritania39.2
167Benin38.2
168Afghanistan37.7
Australasia Avg55.2
World Avg56.4
q=180.
Convention on Biological Diversity
Earlier is better
Pos.0
Signed
1=China1993 Dec 29
1=Guinea1993 Dec 29
1=Cook Islands1993 Dec 29
1=Vanuatu1993 Dec 29
1=Papua New Guinea1993 Dec 29
1=Mexico1993 Dec 29
1=Armenia1993 Dec 29
1=Ecuador1993 Dec 29
1=Fiji1993 Dec 29
1=Canada1993 Dec 29
1=Monaco1993 Dec 29
1=Maldives1993 Dec 29
Australasia Avg1899 Dec 30
World Avg1899 Dec 30
q=197.
Meat Consumption
Lower is better
37
Pos.2021
kg37
1Congo, DR03.0
2Burundi03.5
3Bangladesh04.3
...
99Belize56.6
100Japan57.2
101Turkmenistan57.4
102Papua New Guinea58.5
103Trinidad & Tobago58.5
104Armenia60.0
105Suriname60.8
106Colombia60.9
Australasia Avg74.2
World Avg52.5
q=185.

In the 2010s, meat consumption per person in Papua New Guinea was reducing.37

7. Papua New Guinea's Modernity and Learning

#education #modernity #technology #the_internet

Compared to Australasia (2020)39
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank39
1New Zealand17.6
2Australia19.2
3Palau59.3
...
8Nauru99.0
9Marshall Islands102.8
10Samoa103.4
11Vanuatu117.0
12Micronesia131.3
13Kiribati143.0
14Tuvalu148.0
15Papua New Guinea150.4
16Solomon Islands152.7
Australasia Avg98.1
q=16.
Modernity & Learning (2020)39
Pos.Lower is better
Avg Rank39
1Finland8.4
2Taiwan10.0
3Switzerland15.1
...
193Central African Rep.146.3
194Tuvalu148.0
195Equatorial Guinea149.3
196Papua New Guinea150.4
197Chad150.6
198Niger151.0
199Solomon Islands152.7
200Haiti153.8
World Avg83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Secondary Education
Higher is better
40
Pos.201840
1=Luxembourg100.0%
1=Estonia100.0%
1=Austria100.0%
...
160Rwanda16.3%
161Tanzania14.3%
162Mali13.1%
163Papua New Guinea12.5%
164Bhutan12.0%
165Guinea11.7%
166Burundi9.3%
167Burkina Faso8.8%
Australasia Avg79.3%
World Avg63.0%
q=169.
Length of Schooling
Higher is better
41
Pos.2021
Years41
1Australia21.1
2New Zealand20.3
3Greece20.0
...
158Guinea-Bissau10.6
159Guatemala10.6
160Liberia10.4
161Papua New Guinea10.4
162Solomon Islands10.3
163Afghanistan10.3
164Marshall Islands10.2
165Mozambique10.2
Australasia Avg13.4
World Avg13.5
q=193.
Intellectual Endeavours
Lower is better
32
Pos.2017
Rank32
1Ukraine1
2Czechia2
3Hungary3
...
134Suriname134
135Uruguay135
136Honduras136
137Papua New Guinea137
138Congo, DR138
139Ecuador139
140Syria140
141Mauritania141
Australasia Avg58.7
World Avg82.0
q=163.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users
Higher is better
42
Pos.201642
1Iceland100%
2Faroe Islands99%
3Norway98%
...
170Rwanda12%
171Mali12%
172Haiti12%
173=Papua New Guinea12%
173=Djibouti12%
175Cambodia11%
176Gabon10%
177Burkina Faso10%
Australasia Avg44.3%
World Avg48.1%
q=201.
IPv6 Uptake
Higher is better
43
Pos.2017
Ratio43
1Belgium55.4
2Germany41.8
3Switzerland35.1
...
143=Mauritania0.0
143=Iraq0.0
143=Oman0.0
143=Papua New Guinea0.0
143=French Polynesia0.0
143=Palestine0.0
143=Lesotho0.0
143=Monaco0.0
Australasia Avg1.55
World Avg3.82
q=176.

8. National Culture

#corruption #politics

On the Corruption Index, Papua New Guinea scored on average 25.6 over the 2012-2016 period. Over the 10 years since then, it improved by 4.4 points.

Corruption
Higher is better
44
Pos.2022
Points44
1Denmark90.0
2=Finland87.0
2=New Zealand87.0
...
132Togo30.0
133=Swaziland30.0
133=Djibouti30.0
133=Papua New Guinea30.0
136Gabon29.0
137=Paraguay28.0
137=Russia28.0
137=Mali28.0
Australasia Avg55.83
World Avg42.98
q=180.
Creativity & Culture
Lower is better
32
Pos.2017
Rank32
1Belgium1
2Netherlands2
3Estonia3
...
91Jordan91
92Haiti92
93Tunisia93
94Papua New Guinea94
95Belarus95
96Mongolia96
97Madagascar97
98Bolivia98
Australasia Avg61.1
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Open Trading, Aid & Development
Lower is better
32
Pos.2017
Rank32
1Ireland1
2Denmark2
3Sweden3
...
156Venezuela156
157Bahrain157
158Mauritania158
159Brunei159
160Algeria160
161Papua New Guinea161
162Brazil162
163Equatorial Guinea163
Australasia Avg91.6
World Avg82.0
q=163.

9. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index
Lower is better
45
Pos.2023
Score45
1Iceland1.12
2Denmark1.31
3Ireland1.31
...
93Gabon2.07
94Georgia2.07
95Algeria2.09
96=Papua New Guinea2.10
96=Azerbaijan2.10
98Ecuador2.10
99Cuba2.10
100Turkmenistan2.11
Australasia Avg1.64
World Avg2.07
q=163.
Peacekeeping & Security
Lower is better
32
Pos.2017
Rank32
1Samoa1
2S. Africa2
3Tunisia3
...
127Chad127
128Montenegro128
129Dominican Rep.129
130Papua New Guinea130
131Syria131
132Belarus132
133Portugal133
134El Salvador134
Australasia Avg88.1
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Refugees & UN Treaties
Lower is better
32
Pos.2017
Rank32
1Austria1
2Germany2
3Netherlands3
...
95Peru95
96Gabon96
97Russia97
98Papua New Guinea98
99Mexico99
100Senegal100
101Georgia101
102Timor-Leste (E. Timor)102
Australasia Avg103.6
World Avg82.0
q=163.
Impact of Terrorism
Lower is better
46
Pos.2019
Score46
1Togo0.00
2Mongolia0.00
3Swaziland0.00
...
59Morocco1.22
60Guatemala1.33
61Georgia1.34
62Papua New Guinea1.36
63Bosnia & Herzegovina1.39
64Kyrgyzstan1.47
65Ghana1.56
66Kazakhstan1.57
Australasia Avg1.38
World Avg2.78
q=150.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy
Lower is better47
Pos.201947
1Iceland2.40
2=Singapore2.50
2=Hong Kong2.50
...
142Gabon22.80
143Turkmenistan23.40
144=Djibouti23.40
145Papua New Guinea24.10
146=Zimbabwe24.20
146=Ghana24.20
148Kiribati24.70
149=Yemen24.70
Australasia Avg13.47
World Avg14.59
q=184.
Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient)
Lower is better48
Pos.2017
%48
1Ukraine25.0
2=Belarus25.4
2=Slovenia25.4
...
106USA41.5
107=Ivory Coast41.5
108Djibouti41.6
109=Papua New Guinea41.9
109=Turkey41.9
111Congo, DR42.1
112Madagascar42.6
113Angola42.7
Australasia Avg38.3
World Avg38.1
q=152.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#buddhism #christianity #hinduism #islam #judaism

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below49:

Christian99%
Muslim0.1%
Hindu0.1%
Buddhist0.1%
Folk Religion0.4%
Jewish0.1%
Unaffiliated0.1%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Roman Catholic 27%, Protestant 69.4% (Evangelical Lutheran 19.5%, United Church 11.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, Pentecostal 8.6%, Evangelical Alliance 5.2%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.5%, other Protestant 8.9%), Baha'i 0.3%, indigenous beliefs and other 3.3% (2000 census)50.

Links: