Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)

Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	151st best
Capital	Addis Ababa
Land Area	1 000 000km21
Location	Africa
Population	109.2m2
Life Expectancy	64.97yrs (2017)3
GNI	$2 361 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	ET, ETH, 2315
Internet Domain	.et6
Currency	Birr (ETB)7
Telephone	+2518

1. Overview
2. Ethiopia National and Social Development
3. Ethiopia's Demographics and Migration
4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance
5. Ethiopia's Health
6. Ethiopia's Modernity and Learning
7. National Culture
8. Peace Versus Instability
9. The Natural Environment
10. Economic Inequality and Poverty
11. Religion and Beliefs
12. Links

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1. Overview

#animism #christianity #egypt #eritrea #italy

“Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission (EEBC) issued specific coordinates as virtually demarcating the border and pronounced its work finished. Alleging that the EEBC acted beyond its mandate in issuing the coordinates, Ethiopia has not accepted them and has not withdrawn troops from previously contested areas pronounced by the EEBC as belonging to Eritrea.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“In Ethiopia you´d be hard-pressed to find a better combination of nature and culture. The best part: there´ll be no crowds to hinder the experience. Ethiopia´s landscape impresses in both scale and beauty. Travellers will be thrilled by the amazing backdrop of canyons, chasms, lakes, savannah plains and high plateaus, not to mention the mesmerisingly desolate Danakil Depression, peppered with an astonishing 25% of Africa´s active volcanoes.

Ethiopia is one of the few African countries to have escaped European colonialism, so it has also retained much of its cultural identity. A highlight of any trip to the Horn is witnessing some of the many ceremonies and festivals that are an integral part of traditional culture in the region. They may be Christian, Islamic or animist festivals, or village events, such as a wedding, a rite-of-passage celebration or a local market day.

Its wide-ranging and fertile highlands are laden with historical treasures ranging from ancient Aksumite tombs and obelisks to 17th-century castles. It´s not dubbed the Cradle of Humanity for nothing: archaeologically speaking, Ethiopia is to sub-Saharan Africa what Egypt is to North Africa.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Ethiopia National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better Value11
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
4	Hong Kong	0.952
5	Australia	0.951
	...
172	Sudan	0.508
173	Madagascar	0.501
174	Gambia	0.500
175	Ethiopia	0.498
176	Eritrea	0.492
177	Guinea-Bissau	0.483
	Africa Avg	0.56
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $11
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
4	Luxembourg	$84 649
5	Ireland	$76 169
	...
168	Tanzania	$2 664
169	Solomon Islands	$2 482
170	Guinea	$2 481
171	Ethiopia	$2 361
172	Rwanda	$2 210
173	Uganda	$2 181
	Africa Avg	$5 339
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index12,13
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank12,13
1	Taiwan	28.6
2	Norway	29.4
3	Denmark	31.2
4	Sweden	32.2
5	Finland	32.6
	...
148	Cambodia	108.1
149	Malawi	108.3
150	Benin	109.1
151	Ethiopia	109.1
152	Togo	109.4
153	Ivory Coast	109.8
	Africa Avg	108.3
	World Avg	86.1
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Ethiopia's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Ethiopia's population is predicted to rise to 118.51 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 3.91. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population (2018)2
Pos.		Population2
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
4	Indonesia	267.7m
5	Pakistan	212.2m
	...
9	Russia	145.7m
10	Japan	127.2m
11	Mexico	126.2m
12	Ethiopia	109.2m
13	Philippines	106.7m
14	Egypt	98.4m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
4	Australia	84.5
5	Switzerland	84.0
	...
148	Papua New Guinea	65.4
149	Marshall Islands	65.3
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.		2.0 is best14
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
4	France	1.99
5	Turkey	2.04
	...
138	Papua New Guinea	3.83
139	Guatemala	3.86
140	Togo	3.90
141	Ethiopia	3.91
142	Ghana	4.03
143	Solomon Islands	4.08
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)15
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10015
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
4	Burkina Faso	04.7
5	Sierra Leone	04.8
	...
37	Papua New Guinea	06.4
38	Ghana	06.5
39	Palestine	06.5
40	Ethiopia	06.6
41	Swaziland	06.6
42	Central African Rep.	06.8
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

• The Population of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

Migration:

Immigrants (2017)16
Pos.		%16
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
4	Liechtenstein	65.1%
5	Monaco	54.9%
	...
148	Sierra Leone	1.3%
149	Guinea-Bissau	1.3%
150	Vanuatu	1.2%
151	Ethiopia	1.2%
152	Sao Tome & Principe	1.1%
153	Congo, DR	1.1%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants (2010)17
Pos.		%17
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
4	Grenada	65.5%
5	St Kitts & Nevis	61.1%
	...
178	Papua New Guinea	0.9%
179	USA	0.8%
180	Namibia	0.7%
181	Ethiopia	0.7%
182	Tanzania	0.7%
183	Brazil	0.7%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #ethiopia #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)18,19
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank18,19
1	Sweden	9.2
2	Norway	14.7
3	Denmark	14.7
4	Netherlands	15.8
5	New Zealand	17.5
	...
147	Cameroon	115.4
148	St Lucia	116.3
149	Guinea	116.8
150	Ethiopia	116.9
151	Guinea-Bissau	117.3
152	Gambia	117.4
	Africa Avg	108.4
	World Avg	87.7
q=199.

Ethiopia is amongst the worst places in the world at ensuring human rights and freedom, and it has severe cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Ethiopia does worse than average when it comes to commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₂₀, freethought₂₁, speed of uptake of HR treaties₂₂, opposing gender inequality₂₃ (still good for Africa), supporting press freedom₂₄, its nominal commitment to Human Rights₂₅ and in LGBT equality₂₆. And finally, it falls into the worst 20 in the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators)₂₇ and in supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₂₈. There are severe restrictions on independent media, political life and civil society, with "arbitrary detention of those who do not actively support the government"₂₉. In 2017, security forces killed over 1000 protesters and detailed "tens of thousands more"₂₉.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

• Human Rights and Freedom in Ethiopia

5. Ethiopia's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #Ethiopia #health #life_expectancy #longevity #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Compared to Africa (2020)30,31
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank30,31
1	Mauritius	64.5
2	Morocco	73.1
3	Eritrea	77.0
4	Tunisia	80.1
5	Algeria	87.3
6	Burundi	87.4
7	Libya	90.5
8	Sudan	91.2
9	Rwanda	91.9
10	Ethiopia	93.3
11	Sao Tome & Principe	93.6
12	Djibouti	95.7
13	Cape Verde	97.3
	Africa Avg	108.2
q=54.

Health (2020)30,31
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank30,31
1	Monaco	13.0
2	Hong Kong	18.3
3	Maldives	41.0
4	Singapore	42.6
5	Japan	51.0
	...
95	USA	92.4
96	Latvia	93.1
97	Cambodia	93.3
98	Ethiopia	93.3
99	Sao Tome & Principe	93.6
100	Costa Rica	93.8
101	San Marino	94.5
	World Avg	93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives₃₀. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau₃₀.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean₃₀, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa₃₀.

For more, see:

• "Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Health:

Ethiopia has some poor policies and cultural issues which cause some public health problems. Ethiopia comes in the best 20 in its smoking rate₃₂. It does better than average when it comes to its alcohol consumption rate₃₃. However Ethiopia performs less well in most areas. It does worse than average for its adolescent birth rate₂₃ (still good for Africa), its fertility rate₁₄ (still low for Africa), its average life expectancy₁₁ (still good for Africa) and in its immunizations take-up₃₄. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% during the last 40 years.

Life Expectancy (2021)11
Pos.		Higher is better Years11
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
4	Australia	84.5
5	Switzerland	84.0
	...
148	Papua New Guinea	65.4
149	Marshall Islands	65.3
150	Sudan	65.3
151	Ethiopia	65.0
152	Tuvalu	64.5
153	Madagascar	64.5
	Africa Avg	62.79
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Alcohol Consumption (2016)33
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita33
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
4	Mauritania	0.0
5	Somalia	0.0
	...
52	Uzbekistan	2.7
53	Ghana	2.7
54	Maldives	2.7
55	Ethiopia	2.9
56	Fiji	3.0
57	Benin	3.0
	Africa Avg	4.8
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate (2013)14
Pos.		2.0 is best14
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
4	France	1.99
5	Turkey	2.04
	...
138	Papua New Guinea	3.83
139	Guatemala	3.86
140	Togo	3.90
141	Ethiopia	3.91
142	Ghana	4.03
143	Solomon Islands	4.08
	Africa Avg	4.31
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Smoking Rates (2014)32
Pos.		Higher is worse32
182	Montenegro	4 125
181	Belarus	3 831
180	Lebanon	3 023
179	Macedonia	2 732
178	Russia	2 690
	...
11	Suriname	79
10	Guyana	77
9	Vanuatu	76
8	Ethiopia	76
7	Congo, DR	74
6	Samoa	54
	Africa Avg	340
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Overweight Adults (2016)35
Pos.		Lower is better %35
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
4	Ethiopia	20.9
5	Nepal	21.0
6	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	21.6
7	Cambodia	21.7
8	Niger	22.0
9	Eritrea	22.0
10	Burundi	22.2
11	Uganda	22.4
12	Afghanistan	23.0
	Africa Avg	33.3
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)23
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100023
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
4	Hong Kong	3.2
5	Slovenia	3.8
	...
118	Costa Rica	56.5
119	Seychelles	57.4
120	Paraguay	57.4
121	Ethiopia	58.4
122	Palestine	58.6
123	Jamaica	59.7
	Africa Avg	87.5
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)34
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %34
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
4	Niue	98.8
5	Mongolia	98.7
	...
169	Indonesia	76.4
170	Mali	76.0
171	India	75.1
172	Ethiopia	73.9
173	Pakistan	73.0
174	Liberia	72.6
	Africa Avg	81.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

6. Ethiopia's Modernity and Learning

#education #intelligence #it_security #modernity #politics #religion #religiosity #research #science #secularisation #technology #the_internet

Compared to Africa (2020)19
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank19
1	S. Africa	52.8
2	Egypt	70.4
3	Tunisia	73.4
4	Kenya	79.8
5	Seychelles	81.3
	...
15	Algeria	103.4
16	Guinea-Bissau	106.0
17	Zambia	107.9
18	Ethiopia	108.4
19	Rwanda	112.3
20	Cape Verde	116.3
21	Swaziland	118.0
	Africa Avg	120.7
q=53.

Modernity and Learning (2020)19
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank19
1	Finland	8.4
2	Taiwan	10.0
3	Switzerland	15.1
4	Estonia	15.8
5	Denmark	16.0
	...
142	Turkmenistan	105.3
143	Guinea-Bissau	106.0
144	Zambia	107.9
145	Ethiopia	108.4
146	Nepal	110.8
147	El Salvador	111.1
148	Guatemala	111.7
	World Avg	83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

Research and Development (2016)
Pos.		Higher is better % RDP PPP
1	S. Korea	4.2936
2	Israel	4.1136
3	Japan	3.5836
4	Finland	3.1736
5	Sweden	3.1636
	...
50	Belarus	0.6737
51	Mali	0.6638
52	Bulgaria	0.6537
53	Ethiopia	0.6137
54	Latvia	0.6037
55	Gabon	0.5839
	Africa Avg	0.36
	World Avg	0.84
q=126.

Secondary Education (2018)40
Pos.		Higher is better40
1	Luxembourg	100.0%
2	Estonia	100.0%
3	Austria	100.0%
4	Canada	100.0%
5	Finland	100.0%
	...
156	Mauritania	18.8%
157	Senegal	17.6%
158	Sudan	17.5%
159	Ethiopia	17.1%
160	Rwanda	16.3%
161	Tanzania	14.3%
	Africa Avg	34.4%
	World Avg	63.0%
q=169.

Length of Schooling (2021)41
Pos.		Higher is better Years41
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
4	Belgium	19.6
5	Sweden	19.4
	...
172	Guinea	9.8
173	Equatorial Guinea	9.7
174	Haiti	9.7
175	Ethiopia	9.7
176	Sierra Leone	9.6
177	Gambia	9.4
	Africa Avg	11.0
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

Religiosity (2018)42
Pos.		Lower is better %42
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
4	Switzerland	9
5	Denmark	9
	...
101	Tanzania	93
102	Indonesia	93
103	Mali	94
104	Pakistan	94
105	Ethiopia	98
106	Senegal	98
	Africa Avg	87.0
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

IQ (2006)43
Pos.		Higher is better43
1	Hong Kong	108
2	Singapore	108
3	S. Korea	106
4	Japan	105
5	Taiwan	105
	...
132	Senegal	66
133	Sierra Leone	64
134	Mozambique	64
135	Ethiopia	64
136	Central African Rep.	64
137	Congo, (Brazzaville)	64
	Africa Avg	70.6
	World Avg	85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users (2016)44
Pos.		Higher is better44
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
4	Bermuda	97%
5	Andorra	97%
	...
187	Tanzania	5%
188	Central African Rep.	5%
189	Madagascar	4%
190	Ethiopia	4%
191	Congo, DR	4%
192	Guinea-Bissau	4%
	Africa Avg	18.4%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

Freedom On The Internet (2012)45
Pos.		Lower is better45
1	Estonia	10
2	USA	12
3	Germany	15
4	Australia	18
5	Hungary	19
	...
38	Bahrain	71
39	Saudi Arabia	71
40	Vietnam	73
41	Ethiopia	75
42	Myanmar (Burma)	75
43	Uzbekistan	77
	Africa Avg	45.0
	World Avg	46.7
q=47.

IT Security (2013)46
Pos.		Lower is better46
1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
4	Hong Kong	0.12
5	Mexico	0.16
	...
33	Cameroon	0.77
34	Burkina Faso	0.79
35	Ivory Coast	0.82
36	Ethiopia	0.84
37	Iran	0.85
38	Laos	0.86
	Africa Avg	1.07
	World Avg	0.98
q=81.

7. National Culture

#charity #corruption #happiness #morals #politics

On the Corruption Index, Ethiopia scored on average 33.2 over the 2012-2016 period. Over the 10 years since then, it improved by 4.8 points.

World Giving Index (2013-2021)47
Pos.		Lower is better47
1	Myanmar (Burma)	2.7
2	New Zealand	4.0
3	USA	4.7
4	Australia	4.9
5	Indonesia	9.0
	...
96	India	82.6
97	Peru	82.9
98	Pakistan	83.0
99	Ethiopia	83.1
100	Laos	83.3
101	Afghanistan	83.5
	Africa Avg	78.0
	World Avg	67.9
q=160.

Corruption (2022)48
Pos.		Higher is better Points48
1	Denmark	90.0
2	Finland	87.0
3	New Zealand	87.0
4	Norway	84.0
5	Singapore	83.0
	...
91	Belarus	39.0
92	Moldova	39.0
93	Colombia	39.0
94	Ethiopia	38.0
95	Brazil	38.0
96	Argentina	38.0
	Africa Avg	32.31
	World Avg	42.98
q=180.

Happiness (2018)49
Pos.		Higher is better49
1	Finland	7.6
2	Norway	7.6
3	Denmark	7.6
4	Iceland	7.5
5	Switzerland	7.5
	...
124	Kenya	4.4
125	Zambia	4.4
126	Mauritania	4.4
127	Ethiopia	4.4
128	Georgia	4.3
129	Armenia	4.3
	Africa Avg	4.29
	World Avg	5.38
q=156.

8. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index (2021)50
Pos.		Lower is better50
1	Iceland	1.10
2	New Zealand	1.25
3	Denmark	1.26
4	Portugal	1.27
5	Slovenia	1.32
	...
136	Eritrea	2.56
137	Niger	2.59
138	Palestine	2.61
139	Ethiopia	2.61
140	Mexico	2.62
141	Iran	2.64
	Africa Avg	2.29
	World Avg	2.08
q=163.

Impact of Terrorism (2019)51
Pos.		Lower is better Score51
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
4	Equatorial Guinea	0.00
5	Cambodia	0.00
	...
119	Palestine	5.18
120	Bangladesh	5.21
121	Saudi Arabia	5.24
122	Ethiopia	5.35
123	UK	5.41
124	Burkina Faso	5.42
	Africa Avg	3.41
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

9. The Natural Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #over-exploitation #the_environment

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 (2015)52
Pos.		Higher is better %52
1	Iceland	+205.6
2	Bahrain	+144.4
3	Uruguay	+131.3
4	Kuwait	+81.2
5	Dominican Rep.	+79.5
	...
150	Equatorial Guinea	-15.7
151	Haiti	-16.4
152	Tanzania	-17.6
153	Ethiopia	-17.8
154	Malawi	-19.2
155	Botswana	-21.0
	Africa Avg	-08.0
	World Avg	+02.8
q=184.

Environmental Performance (2018)53
Pos.		Higher is better53
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
4	Malta	80.9
5	Sweden	80.5
	...
138	Myanmar (Burma)	45.3
139	Ivory Coast	45.3
140	Gabon	45.1
141	Ethiopia	44.8
142	S. Africa	44.7
143	Guinea-Bissau	44.7
	Africa Avg	46.4
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

Energy to GDP Efficiency (2014)54
Pos.		Higher is better54
1	Hong Kong	26.32
2	Sri Lanka	20.00
3	Panama	17.86
4	Colombia	17.54
5	Ireland	17.54
	...
111	Bahrain	04.10
112	Ukraine	03.28
113	Togo	02.88
114	Ethiopia	02.81
115	Mozambique	02.47
116	Iceland	02.41
	Africa Avg	07.42
	World Avg	09.29
q=119.

Convention on Biological Diversity
Pos.		Earlier is better Signed
1	China	1993 Dec 29
2	Guinea	1993 Dec 29
3	Cook Islands	1993 Dec 29
4	Vanuatu	1993 Dec 29
5	Papua New Guinea	1993 Dec 29
	...
51	Cuba	1994 Jun 06
52	Namibia	1997 Aug 14
53	Sri Lanka	1994 Jun 21
54	Ethiopia	1994 Jul 04
55	Dominica	1994 Jul 05
56	Italy	1994 Jul 14
	Africa Avg	1899 Dec 30
	World Avg	1899 Dec 30
q=197.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy (2019)55
Pos.		Higher is worse55
184	Chad	40.90
183	Central African Rep.	40.10
182	Sierra Leone	39.00
181	Somalia	38.90
180	Nigeria	37.10
	...
153	Tanzania	25.30
152	Malawi	25.10
151	Swaziland	25.10
150	Ethiopia	24.90
149	Yemen	24.70
148	Kiribati	24.70
	Africa Avg	26.10
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) (2017)56
Pos.		Lower is better %56
1	Ukraine	25.0
2	Belarus	25.4
3	Slovenia	25.4
4	Czechia	25.9
5	Moldova	25.9
	...
91	Samoa	38.7
92	Israel	38.9
93	Tuvalu	39.1
94	Ethiopia	39.1
95	Morocco	39.5
96	Uruguay	39.5
	Africa Avg	42.6
	World Avg	38.1
q=152.

Multidimensional Poverty (2018)57
Pos.		Lower is better Severity57
1	Armenia	.001
2	Ukraine	.001
3	Serbia	.001
4	Turkmenistan	.001
5	Jordan	.002
	...
94	Madagascar	.453
95	Mali	.457
96	Central African Rep.	.465
97	Ethiopia	.489
98	Burkina Faso	.519
99	Chad	.533
	Africa Avg	.264
	World Avg	.154
q=101.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #religiosity #secularisation

Religiosity (2018)42
Pos.		Lower is better %42
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
4	Switzerland	9
5	Denmark	9
	...
101	Tanzania	93
102	Indonesia	93
103	Mali	94
104	Pakistan	94
105	Ethiopia	98
106	Senegal	98
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

Disbelief In God (2007)58
Pos.		Higher is better %58
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
4	Czechia	61
5	Estonia	49
	...
112	Jordan	0
113	Gambia	0
114	Kenya	0
115	Ethiopia	0
116	Afghanistan	0
117	Egypt	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₅₉:

Christian	62.8%
Muslim	34.6%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	2.6%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	0.1%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census)₆₀.

The International Humanist and Ethical Union produced a report in 2012 entitled "Freedom of Thought" (2012)₆₁, in which they document bias and prejudice at the national level that is based on religion, belief and/or lack of belief. Their entry for Ethiopia states:

“The constitution requires the separation of state and religion; however, under a 2008 law it is a crime to defame religious groups.”

"Freedom of Thought" by IHEU (2012)₆₂

In Ethiopia, Jews are organized as Beta Israel (House of Israel) and known to outsiders as the Falasha or Felasha₆₃. Although they are traditionally said to be descendants of Queen Sheba and King Solomon, their ancestors are actually local converts to Judaism from between 100BCE to 100CE₆₃. The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906)₆₄ says that their origin is unknown but that the Falashas have never had any copies of any Jewish Hebrew texts and knew nothing of the Talmud₆₅ (which would not be the case for descendants of Jewish royalty), and, DNA tests have now proven that the Falasha are indeed truly descendants of their fellow Ethiopians rather than from Hebrew stock₆₆. After Ethiopia converted to Christianity in the 4th century CE, the Falasha Jews were persecuted violently for many centuries, until the Catholic Church in the 15th and 16th centuries eventually crushed them and confiscated all their lands. As the Catholic Church slowly lost its power, their "conditions improved in the late 19th and 20th centuries, at which time tens of thousands of Falasha lived in the region north of Lake Tana"₆₃, near the border with Sudan. From 1975 they were permitted by Israel to immigrate and they began to do so slowly until the Sudanese civil war of 1991 threatened the entire community and 20,000 of them were evacuated to Israel₆₇. As of 1997, only around 500 remained in Ethiopia₆₇.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?