Chile (Republic of Chile)

Chile Republic of Chile
Status	Independent State
Capital	Santiago (administrative/judicial) and Valparaiso (legislative)
Land Area	743 532km21
Location	South America, The Americas
Population	17.4m (2011)2
Life Expectancy	81.96yrs (2017)3
GNI	$21 665 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	CL, CHL, 1525
Internet Domain	.cl6
Currency	Peso (CLP)7
Telephone	+568

1. Overview
2. Chile National and Social Development
3. Population and Demographics
4. Human Rights, Equality and Freedom
5. Peace Versus Instability
6. Religion and Beliefs
7. The Internet
8. Public Health Issues
9. Children's Health
10. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries
11. Links

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1. Overview

#bolivia #peru #spain

“Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, the Inca ruled northern Chile while the Mapuche inhabited central and southern Chile. Although Chile declared its independence in 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won its present northern regions. It was not until the 1880s that the Mapuche were brought under central government control. After a series of elected governments, the three-year-old Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown in 1973 by a military coup led by Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a freely elected president was inaugurated in 1990. Sound economic policies, maintained consistently since the 1980s, have contributed to steady growth, reduced poverty rates by over half, and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Chile has increasingly assumed regional and international leadership roles befitting its status as a stable, democratic nation.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Chile is nature on a colossal scale, but travel here is surprisingly easy. Your trip can be as hard-core or as pampered as you like, but you´ll always feel welcome. Spindly Chile stretches 4300km - over half the continent - from the driest desert in the world to massive glacial fields. In between the Andes and the Pacific, the landscape is dotted with volcanoes, geysers, beaches, lakes, rivers, steppe and countless islands. What´s on offer? Everything. In Chile, adventure is what happens on the way to having an adventure: explore sweeping desert solitude, craggy Andean summits, the lush forests of the fjords, first-class wine regions, up-and-coming surfing hot spots, even the exotic getaway of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Of course, Chile is more than its striking geography: its far-flung location has fired the imagination of literary heavyweights and has been known to make poets out of bartenders and dreamers out of presidents. Closer borders have fostered intimacy with the Chilean people and rituals such as the sharing of maté tea and the welcoming attitude of buena onda (good vibes) are integral to the fabric of local life.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Chile National and Social Development

#human_development

UN HDI (2016)11
Pos.		Lower is better Rank11
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
35	Cyprus	33
36	Poland	36
37	Lithuania	37
38	Chile	38
39	Saudi Arabia	38
40	Slovakia	40
41	Portugal	41
42	UAE	42
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Higher is better Points12
1	Denmark	83.6
2	Finland	83.1
3	Sweden	82.6
	...
37	Monaco	65.6
38	Malta	65.5
39	Lithuania	65.5
40	Chile	65.4
41	Costa Rica	65.4
42	Croatia	64.4
43	Bulgaria	63.6
44	Mauritius	63.0
	World Avg	55.4
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

#birth_control #Chile #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #overpopulation #population

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)13
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10013
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
131	Mauritius	25.9
132	Uruguay	26.8
133	Cyprus	26.9
134	Chile	27.0
135	Macedonia	27.7
136	Luxembourg	28.3
137	Armenia	28.7
138	Thailand	29.2
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
127	Norway	3.8%
128	Bahrain	3.7%
129	Gambia	3.7%
130	Chile	3.7%
131	Peru	3.7%
132	Czechia	3.6%
133	Mauritania	3.5%
134	Canada	3.5%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013)15
Pos.		2.0 is best15
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
20	UK	1.87
21	New Zealand	2.15
22	Azerbaijan	2.16
23	Chile	1.84
24	Bangladesh	2.16
25	Belgium	1.83
26	Algeria	2.17
27	Oman	2.17
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Immigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Qatar	86.5%
2	Monaco	71.6%
3	UAE	70.0%
	...
125	Comoros	2.0%
126	Mozambique	1.9%
127	Uganda	1.9%
128	Chile	1.9%
129	Turkey	1.9%
130	Sierra Leone	1.8%
131	Central African Rep.	1.8%
132	Zambia	1.8%
	World Avg	9.2%
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015)16
Pos.		Higher is better Years16
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
12	Canada	82.22
13	S. Korea	82.13
14	New Zealand	82.03
15	Chile	81.96
16	Luxembourg	81.88
17	Norway	81.71
18	Netherlands	81.71
19	Austria	81.58
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)17
Pos.		Population17
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
57	Cameroon	20.5m
58	Angola	20.2m
59	Burkina Faso	17.5m
60	Chile	17.4m
61	Netherlands	16.7m
62	Niger	16.6m
63	Kazakhstan	16.4m
64	Mali	16.3m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Chile's population is predicted to rise to 19.54 million by 2030. This rise is despite a low fertility rate, meaning, that this country is helping to alleviate problems with growing population in neighbouring countries by accepting immigrants, very likely as a requirement of maintaining an active workforce. This country has a fertility rate of 1.84. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

• The Population of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

4. Human Rights, Equality and Freedom

#Chile #equality #freedom #human_rights #politics #tolerance

Chile performs very well in ensuring human rights and freedom compared to most other countries. Chile does the second-best in its nominal commitment to Human Rights₁₈. It comes in the best 20 in eliminating modern slavery₁₉ (one of the best in The Americas). It does better than average in terms of fighting corruption₂₀, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₂₁ (amongst the best in The Americas), its Global Peace Index rating₂₂ (amongst the best in The Americas), commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₂₃ (amongst the best in The Americas), supporting press freedom₂₄, opposing gender inequality₂₅, LGBT equality₂₆ and in the year from which women could participate in democracy₂₇. Chile does not succeed in everything, however. It does worse than average in terms of fighting anti-semitic opinions₂₈. In 2017, the courts continued to prosecute those responsible for human rights violations during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship from aa1973 to 1990₂₉. But there are still ongoing issues with the justice system including too much mistreatment and overcrowding₂₉. Inhumane restrictions on family planning services (including the end of the total ban on abortion) were lightened in 2017, including access for LGBT folk₂₉.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

• Human Rights and Freedom in Chile

5. Peace Versus Instability

#Chile #extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Peacekeeping and Security (2017)30
Pos.		Lower is better Rank30
1	Samoa	1
2	S. Africa	2
3	Tunisia	3
	...
16	Costa Rica	16
17	Hungary	17
18	Japan	18
19	Chile	19
20	Kazakhstan	20
21	Thailand	21
22	Algeria	22
23	Guatemala	23
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Refugees and UN Treaties (2017)30
Pos.		Lower is better Rank30
1	Austria	1
2	Germany	2
3	Netherlands	3
	...
23	Thailand	23
24	Poland	24
25	S. Africa	25
26	Chile	26
27	Panama	27
28	Portugal	28
29	USA	29
30	Singapore	30
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Global Peace Index (2012)22
Pos.		Lower is better22
1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
27	Taiwan	1.60
28	Netherlands	1.61
29	UK	1.61
30	Chile	1.62
31	Botswana	1.62
32	Romania	1.63
33	Uruguay	1.63
34	Vietnam	1.64
	World Avg	2.02
q=157.

"The 2012 Global Peace Index is the sixth edition of the world's leading study on global levels of peacefulness. The GPI ranks 158 nations using 23 qualitative and quantitative indicators from highly respected sources, which gauge three broad themes: the level of safety and security in society; the extent of domestic or international conflict; and the degree of militarisation. By generating new information on the state of peace at the national and global level, the Institute for Economics and Peace hopes to make a valuable contribution to better understanding how civil society, researchers, policymakers, and government can create a more peaceful society"₂₂. The most peaceable countries in the world are Iceland, New Zealand and Denmark₂₂ and the worst are Somalia, Afghanistan and Sudan₂₂.

Impact of Terrorism (2019)31
Pos.		Lower is better Score31
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
	...
102	Uganda	3.96
103	Mexico	4.08
104	Venezuela	4.10
105	Chile	4.12
106	Greece	4.17
107	Germany	4.25
108	Lebanon	4.40
109	China	4.47
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

6. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion

Religiosity (2009)32
Pos.		Lower is better %32
1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
29	Ireland	54
30	USA	65
31	Argentina	66
32	Chile	70
33	Croatia	70
34	Singapore	70
35	Montenegro	71
36	Greece	71
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

Disbelief In God (2007)33
Pos.		Higher is better %33
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
65	Jamaica	3
66	India	3
67	Angola	2
68	Chile	2
69	Central African Rep.	2
70	Tajikistan	2
71	Turkmenistan	2
72	Indonesia	2
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₃₄:

Christian	89.4%
Muslim	0.1%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	1.5%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	8.6%

It appears that when asked "What religion are you" many give pollsters the 'correct' answer despite how they actually feel, and despite what they actually believe. Although 91.3% of the populace say they belong to a religion, only 70% say that they are religious when the question is phrased as "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".

For more on this phenomenon, see:

• "Institutionalized Religions Have Their Numbers Inflated by National Polls" by Vexen Crabtree (2009)

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Roman Catholic 70%, Evangelical 15.1%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.1%, other Christian 1%, other 4.6%, none 8.3% (2002 census)₃₅.

A Pew Forum poll in 2006 found that nearly half or more of all Protestants in several countries, including Chile, identified as Pentecostal Christians₃₆.

The International Humanist and Ethical Union produced a report in 2012 entitled "Freedom of Thought" (2012)₃₇, in which they document bias and prejudice at the national level that is based on religion, belief and/or lack of belief. Their entry for Chile states:

“Church and state are officially separate; however, anti-incitement laws exist for religious groups. A 2002 law on freedom of expression and information and the press prohibits the use of any means of social communication to publish or transmit information designed to promote hatred of or hostility towards persons or groups based on religion and establishes fines for infractions. Publicly subsidized schools are required to offer religious education two teaching hours per week through high school; although parents may decide to have their children omit religious education. Religious instruction in public schools is almost exclusively Catholic, although the Ministry of Education approved curricula for 14 other religious groups. Schools must teach the religion requested by the parents.”

"Freedom of Thought" by IHEU (2012)₃₈

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?

7. The Internet

#Chile #internet #it_security #the_internet

Internet Users (2016)39
Pos.		Higher is better39
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
38	Hungary	80%
39	Kuwait	80%
40	Malta	80%
41	Chile	78%
42	Lithuania	77%
43	Latvia	76%
44	Lebanon	76%
45	Croatia	74%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IPv6 Uptake (2017)40
Pos.		Higher is better Ratio40
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
83	Macedonia	0.0
84	Pakistan	0.0
85	Paraguay	0.0
86	Chile	0.0
87	US Virgin Islands	0.0
88	Mauritius	0.0
89	Botswana	0.0
90	El Salvador	0.0
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

IT Security (2013)41
Pos.		Lower is better41
1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
	...
24	Australia	0.63
25	Libya	0.63
26	Qatar	0.65
27	Chile	0.66
28	Guinea-Bissau	0.67
29	Uzbekistan	0.69
30	Moldova	0.71
31	Zambia	0.76
	World Avg	0.98
q=81.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

8. Public Health Issues

#alcohol #Chile #genetics #health #mental_health #obesity #organ_donation #public_health #smoking #sociology #suicide #UK

Chile is a pretty unhealthy country. Chile does better than average in terms of its immunizations take-up₄₂. When it comes to most other metrics, Chile does not do well. It does worse than average for number of organ donors₄₃ (still high for The Americas), its suicide rate₄₄, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance₃₀, its adolescent birth rate₂₅ (still good for The Americas), its smoking rate₄₅, its alcohol consumption rate₄₆ and in the prevalence of overweight adults₄₇. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% during the past 40 years.

Alcohol Consumption (2016)46
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita46
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
135	Rwanda	9.0
136	Iceland	9.1
137	Sweden	9.2
138	Chile	9.3
139	Grenada	9.3
140	S. Africa	9.3
141	St Kitts & Nevis	9.4
142	Tanzania	9.4
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

There is nothing wrong with drinking modest and sensible amounts of alcohol but fitness, physical health, mental health and long-term health all suffer as a result of medium- or heavy- drinking₄₈ and the health risks to the baby when pregnant mothers drink₄₉ are well-known. Aside from the effects on the individual, alcohol misuse impacts on entire economies₅₀ via increased health service costs, policing costs and lost days' work. Worldwide, alcohol misuse is "among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death" and is a "cause of more than 200 disease and injury conditions in individuals, most notably alcohol dependence, liver cirrhosis, cancers and injuries"₅₁. "In 2012... 5.9% of all global deaths, were attributable to alcohol consumption"₅₂. Deaths from chronic alcohol misuse have been rising for decades, and so has violence, abuse, vandalism and crime all associated with alcohol over-use. The aggression and crime associated with alcohol in some Western countries infringes on the human rights of those who want nothing to do with such behaviour. Many of the social effects of alcohol are psychological and cultural; i.e., people don't have to behave criminally or destructively whilst drunk - it is a culturally learned behaviour. Experiments have shown that behaviour can be controlled: Those who do not wish to behave badly whilst drunk, will not do so.

Organ Donors (At Death) (2017)43
Pos.		Higher is better pmp43
1	Spain	46.9053
2	Portugal	34.0153
3	Belgium	33.6253
	...
36	Cyprus	11.69
37	Iran	11.43
38	Israel	10.7054,55
39	Chile	10.0053
40	S. Korea	9.95
41	Germany	9.7054
42	Colombia	8.9053
43	Jordan	6.91
	World Avg	13.03
q=70.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance (2017)30
Pos.		Lower is better Rank30
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
88	Syria	88
89	Azerbaijan	89
90	Uganda	90
91	Chile	91
92	Tunisia	92
93	Bahrain	93
94	Philippines	94
95	Bosnia & Herzegovina	95
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Overweight Adults (2016)47
Pos.		Lower is better %47
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
	...
155	Oman	62.6
156	Argentina	62.7
157	Uruguay	62.9
158	Chile	63.1
159	Venezuela	63.4
160	Egypt	63.5
161	Andorra	63.7
162	UK	63.7
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

About one third of the global population is overweight or obese₅₆. Most Western countries are facing an obesity epidemic. Our cultures are having to change to compensate for widespread ill-health. It is costing our health systems a massive amount of money, and is having negative effects on national economies. The situation has persisted for a suitable length of time for our very perceptions to change; opinions on "normal weights" for people and "average sizes" for clothes has shot up₅₇. Over 2 in 3 adults in the UK are overweight₅₇ and this costs the NHS £5.1 billion per year₅₈ and "costs Britain's economy £47bn a year; more than war, terrorism or armed violence"₅₉. We are forgetting how to be healthy.

The causes are not genetic. Most people who say obesity "runs in their family" are wrong. The rate of increase in obesity is many, many times too fast to be accounted for by a change in inherited genes₆₀. Our culture and lifestyle choices are to blame. The causes of the modern obesity epidemic are processed foods, low levels of physical exercise, over-indulgence, poor choices in food products, poor knowledge of nutrition. Most of this is made much worse by well-funded advertising campaigns by food manufacturers selling cheaper mass-produced food. Even some so-called "health foods" contain well over recommended limits of fat, salt and sugar₆₁.

Smoking Rates (2014)45
Pos.		Lower is better45
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
113	Iran	869
114	Thailand	895
115	Turkmenistan	92562
116	Chile	930
117	Ireland	954
118	Australia	956
119	Mongolia	957
120	Bahrain	969
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate (2013)44
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100k44
1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
	...
51	India	20.8
52	Trinidad & Tobago	21.7
53	USA	22.2
54	Chile	22.4
55	Canada	22.7
56	Iceland	23.5
57	New Zealand	23.6
58	Ireland	23.7
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

9. Children's Health

#Chile #health #parenting #population #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)25
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100025
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
103	Cuba	45.6
104	Suriname	46.1
105	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	46.6
106	Chile	47.8
107	Solomon Islands	48.4
108	Peru	49.1
109	Indonesia	49.6
110	Colombia	50.2
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)42
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %42
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
91	Egypt	93.4
92	Cape Verde	93.4
93	Burundi	93.3
94	Chile	93.3
95	Georgia	93.1
96	New Zealand	92.9
97	Nauru	92.9
98	USA	92.8
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

10. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries