Spain (Kingdom of Spain)

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

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Spain Kingdom of Spain
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	21st best
Capital	Madrid
Land Area	498 800km²₁
Location	Europe, Mediterranean
Population	46.8m (2011)₂
Life Expectancy	82.77yrs (2017)₃
GNI	$32 779 (2017)₄
ISO3166-1 Codes	ES, ESP, 724₅
Internet Domain	.es₆
Currency	Euro (EUR)₇
Telephone	+34₈

1. Overview

“Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). A peaceful transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. More recently the government has had to focus on measures to reverse a severe economic recession that began in mid-2008. Austerity measures implemented to reduce a large budget deficit and reassure foreign investors have led to one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe.”
CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Passionate, sophisticated and devoted to living the good life, Spain is at once a stereotype come to life and a country more diverse than you ever imagined. Spanish landscapes stir the soul, from the jagged Pyrenees and wildly beautiful cliffs of the Atlantic northwest to charming Mediterranean coves, while astonishing architecture spans the ages at seemingly every turn. Spain´s cities march to a beguiling beat, rushing headlong into the 21st century even as timeless villages serve as beautiful signposts to Old Spain. And then there´s one of Europe´s most celebrated (and varied) gastronomic scenes of seafood, paella, tapas and fine wines. But, above all, Spain lives very much in the present. Perhaps you´ll sense it along a crowded after-midnight street when it seems all the world has come out to play. Or maybe that moment will come when a flamenco performer touches something deep in your soul. Or in a wild fiesta or an afternoon siesta. Whenever it happens, you´ll find yourself nodding in recognition: this is Spain.”
"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Spain National and Social Development

UN HDI (2016) Lower is better Rank₁₁

1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
24	Austria	24
25	Slovenia	25
26	Italy	26
27	Spain	27
28	Czech Rep.	28
29	Greece	29
30	Brunei	30
31	Estonia	30
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index Higher is better Points₁₂

1	Iceland	84.1
2	Sweden	80.8
3	Norway	80.0
	...
18	Austria	75.3
19	Japan	73.5
20	France	72.2
21	Spain	71.0
22	Estonia	70.7
23	USA	69.4
24	Portugal	69.0
25	Italy	68.7
	World Avg	54.5
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016) Lower is better Per 100₁₃

1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
174	France	40.5
175	Austria	40.5
176	Greece	41.3
177	Spain	41.4
178	Netherlands	41.9
179	Slovenia	42.7
180	Finland	43.3
181	Hong Kong	43.7
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010) %₁₄

1	Dominica	104.8
2	Palestine	68.4
3	Samoa	67.3
	...
138	Nepal	3.3
139	Bangladesh	3.3
140	Botswana	3.2
141	Spain	3.0
142	Central African Rep.	2.9
143	Angola	2.8
144	France	2.8
145	Costa Rica	2.7
	World Avg	11.5
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013) 2.0 is best₁₅

1	Korea, N.	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
77	Albania	1.51
78	Latvia	1.50
79	Czech Rep.	1.50
80	Spain	1.50
81	Croatia	1.49
82	Dominican Rep.	2.51
83	Lithuania	1.49
84	Kazakhstan	2.52
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Immigrants (2010) %₁₄

1	Qatar	86.5
2	Monaco	71.6
3	UAE	70.0
	...
29	Gambia	16.6
30	Croatia	15.9
31	Austria	15.6
32	Spain	15.2
33	Belize	15.0
34	Latvia	15.0
35	Sweden	14.1
36	Belgium	13.7
	World Avg	9.2
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015) Higher is better Years₁₆

1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
4	Singapore	83.21
5	Switzerland	83.13
6	Spain	82.77
7	Iceland	82.72
8	Israel	82.56
9	Australia	82.54
10	France	82.36
11	Sweden	82.35
12	Canada	82.22
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)₁₇

1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
26	Korea, S.	48.6m
27	Tanzania	47.7m
28	Colombia	47.6m
29	Spain	46.8m
30	Ukraine	44.9m
31	Kenya	42.7m
32	Argentina	41.1m
33	Poland	38.3m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Spain's population is predicted to rise to 50. million by 2030. This rise is despite a low fertility rate, meaning, that this country is helping to alleviate problems with growing population in neighbouring countries by accepting immigrants, very likely as a requirement of maintaining an active workforce. This country has a fertility rate of 1.50. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

4. Gender Equality

Gender Inequality (2015) Lower is better₁₈

1	Switzerland	0.04
2	Denmark	0.04
3	Netherlands	0.04
	...
12	Belgium	0.07
13	Luxembourg	0.07
14	Austria	0.08
15	Spain	0.08
16	Italy	0.08
17	Portugal	0.09
18	Canada	0.10
19	France	0.10
	World Avg	0.36
q=159.

Year Women Can Vote Lower is better Year₁₉

1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
33	UK	1928
34	S. Africa	1930
35	Sri Lanka	1931
36	Spain	1931
37	Maldives	1932
38	Uruguay	1932
39	Thailand	1932
40	Turkey	1934
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchialism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.

Spain is notable for its equality between the sexes.

See:

"Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

5. Religion and Beliefs

#afterlife #buddhism #christianity #heaven #hell #hinduism #islam #judaism #universalism

Religiosity (2009) Lower is better %₂₀

1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
21	Kazakhstan	43
22	Ukraine	46
23	Slovenia	47
24	Spain	49
25	Azerbaijan	50
26	Israel	51
27	Uzbekistan	51
28	Serbia	54
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

Disbelief In God (2007) Higher is better₂₁

1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
30	Belarus	17
31	Greece	16
32	Iceland	16
33	Spain	15
34	Israel	15
35	Armenia	14
36	Lithuania	13
37	Singapore	13
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₂₂:

Christian	78.6%
Muslim	2.1%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	19%

It appears that when asked "What religion are you" many give pollsters the 'correct' answer despite how they actually feel, and despite what they actually believe. Although 81.1% of the populace say they belong to a religion, only 49% say that they are religious when the question is phrased as "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".

For more on this phenomenon, see:

"Institutionalized Religions Have Their Numbers Inflated by National Polls" by Vexen Crabtree (2009)

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states simply: Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%₂₃.

The Afterlife: Ipsos-NA in 2011 gathered some statistics on Spain₂₄. Despite the large numbers of Christians, not many have traditional beliefs in the afterlife - just 5%. More people don't know what to believe (28%). Even more people believe that upon death, you simply cease to exist (40%). Also, 2% specifically believe in heaven but not in hell (which is nice - making them possible "universalists"). 4% believe in reincarnation.

Links:

6. The Internet

Internet Users (2016) Higher is better₂₅

1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
31	Puerto Rico	83%
32	Singapore	83%
33	Slovakia	83%
34	Spain	82%
35	Austria	81%
36	Ireland	81%
37	Barbados	80%
38	Hungary	80%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IPv6 Uptake (2017) Higher is better Ratio₂₆

1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
50	Dominican Rep.	1.1
51	Slovakia	0.8
52	Hong Kong	0.7
53	Spain	0.6
54	St Kitts & Nevis	0.6
55	Nauru	0.5
56	Egypt	0.4
57	Mexico	0.4
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

IT Security (2013) Lower is better₂₇

1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
	...
36	Ethiopia	0.84
37	Iran	0.85
38	Laos	0.86
39	Spain	0.88
40	Kuwait	0.93
41	Saudi Arabia	0.93
42	Malaysia	0.96
43	Canada	0.96
	World Avg	0.98
q=81.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

7. Public Health Issues

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015) Lower is better Per 1000₁₈

1	Korea, N.	0.5
2	Korea, S.	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
23	Greece	7.5
24	Oman	8.1
25	Belgium	8.2
26	Spain	8.4
27	Bosnia & Herzegovina	8.6
28	Saudi Arabia	8.8
29	France	8.9
30	Croatia	9.5
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Alcohol Consumption (2010) Lower is better Per Capita₂₈

1	Libya	0.1
2	Pakistan	0.1
3	Kuwait	0.1
	...
161	New Zealand	10.9
162	Belgium	11.0
163	S. Africa	11.0
164	Spain	11.2
165	Bulgaria	11.4
166	Denmark	11.4
167	UK	11.6
168	Slovenia	11.6
	World Avg	6.2
q=191.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015) Higher is better Avg %₂₉

1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
38	Brazil	96.7
39	Jordan	96.6
40	Brunei	96.6
41	Spain	96.5
42	Poland	96.5
43	Libya	96.4
44	St Kitts & Nevis	96.3
45	Bahamas	96.2
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Smoking Rates (2014) Lower is better₃₀

1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
133	Egypt	1 188
134	Vietnam	1 215
135	Iraq	1 227
136	Spain	1 265
137	Malta	1 266
138	Philippines	1 291
139	Indonesia	1 322
140	Libya	1 333
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate (2013) Lower is better Per 100k₃₁

1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
	...
38	Mauritius	13.7
39	UK	13.9
40	Ecuador	14.1
41	Spain	15.3
42	Argentina	15.6
43	Thailand	15.8
44	Australia	16.4
45	El Salvador	16.5
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

8. Politics and Freedom

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009) Higher is better Treaties₃₂

1	Argentina	24
2	Chile	23
3	Costa Rica	23
4	Ecuador	23
5	Germany	23
6	Mexico	23
7	Peru	23
8	Spain	23
9	Slovenia	23
10	Paraguay	23
11	Serbia	23
12	Sweden	23
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom (2014) Lower is better Rank₃₃

1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
	...
33	Cyprus	33
34	Mauritius	34
35	Korea, S.	35
36	Spain	36
37	Hungary	37
38	Costa Rica	38
39	Slovenia	39
40	Bulgaria	40
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

Press Freedom (2013) Lower is better₃₄

1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
	...
32	USA	1822
33	Lithuania	1824
34	Slovenia	2049
35	Spain	2050
36	France	2160
37	El Salvador	2286
38	Latvia	2289
39	Botswana	2291
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries

Anti-Semite Opinions Lower is better %₃₅

1	Laos	0
2	Philippines	3
3	Sweden	4
	...
41	Austria	28
42	Latvia	28
43	Montenegro	29
44	Spain	29
45	Venezuela	30
46	Moldova	30
47	Russia	30
48	Bolivia	30
q=101.

Personal Charitability (World Position, 2013-2016) Lower is better₃₆

1	Myanmar (Burma)	1.25
2	USA	1.5
3	New Zealand	3.5
	...
72	Italy	63.5
73	Botswana	63.75
74	Ghana	63.75
75	Spain	64
76	Sudan	64
77	Tajikistan	64.5
78	Guinea	65.75
q=156.

Global Peace Index (2012) Lower is better₃₇

1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
22	Australia	1.49
23	Singapore	1.52
24	Poland	1.52
25	Spain	1.55
26	Slovakia	1.59
27	Taiwan	1.60
28	Netherlands	1.61
29	UK	1.61
q=157.

Research and Development Higher is better % RDP PPP

1	Korea, S.	4.29
2	Israel	4.11
3	Japan	3.58
	...
26	Italy	1.29
27	Portugal	1.28
28	Luxembourg	1.26
29	Spain	1.22
30	Russia	1.19
31	New Zealand	1.17
32	Brazil	1.15
33	Malaysia	1.13
q=126.

Life Satisfaction (2011) Higher is better₃₈

1	Denmark	7.8
2	Norway	7.6
3	Netherlands	7.6
	...
33	Kuwait	6.6
34	Qatar	6.6
35	Chile	6.6
36	Spain	6.5
37	Singapore	6.5
38	Belize	6.5
39	Argentina	6.4
40	Colombia	6.4
q=150.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2011) Higher is better PPP $₁₆

1	Qatar	$129 916
2	Singapore	$78 162
3	Kuwait	$76 075
	...
31	Oman	$34 402
32	Italy	$33 573
33	New Zealand	$32 870
34	Spain	$32 779
35	Israel	$31 215
36	Malta	$29 500
37	Cyprus	$29 459
38	Slovenia	$28 664
q=193.

Environmental Performance (2010) Higher is better₃₉

1	Iceland	93.5
2	Switzerland	89.1
3	Costa Rica	86.4
	...
22	Czech Rep.	71.6
23	Albania	71.4
24	Panama	71.4
25	Spain	70.6
26	Belize	69.9
27	Antigua & Barbuda	69.8
28	Singapore	69.6
29	Ecuador	69.3
q=162.

LGBT Equality (2013) Higher is better Score₄₀

1	Netherlands	405
2	Belgium	350
3	Canada	280
4	Sweden	255
5	Spain	245
6	S. Africa	241
7	Denmark	225
8	Iceland	220
9	Norway	210
10	Andorra	210
11	Argentina	200
12	Brazil	196
q=211.

Current edition: 2013 May 01
Last Modified: 2017 Jun 21
http://www.humantruth.info/spain.html
Parent page: Compare International Statistics by Region and Continent

Links

All #tags used on this page - click for more:

#afterlife #buddhism #christianity #heaven #hell #hinduism #islam #judaism #spain #universalism

Social Media

References: (What's this?)

Anti-Defamation League. (ADL)
(2014) ADL Global 100, Executive Summary. Accessed on global100.adl.org on 2017 Jan 02. The numbers given are of those who state that racist stereotyped statements about Jews are true; they have to agree to 6 or more of the 11 statements to be counted. An example statements is "Jews are hated because of the way they behave". The data was collected from 53,100 interviews across 101 countries plus the West Bank and Gaza. The global average is 26%.

Charities Aid Foundation
World Giving Index. On www.cafonline.org.

CIA
(2013) World Factbook. The USA Government's Central Intelligence Agency (USA CIA) publishes The World Factbook, and the online version is frequently updated.

Crabtree, Vexen
(2017) "What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life" (2017). Accessed 2017 Jun 22.

Gallup
(2009) Religiosity. gallup.com/poll/142727/.... The survey question was "Is religion an important part of your daily life?" and results are charted for those who said "yes". 1000 adults were polled in each of 114 countries.

Ipsos-NA. Ipsos-North America.
(2011) Supreme Being(s), the Afterlife and Evolution. Ipsos press release page, link to raw data. Accessed 2017 May 29. The poll was conducted in 23 developed and mostly rich countries - it would be unwise to use their irresponsibly extrapolated data on "global beliefs", but their data on individual countries is still good..

Lonely Planet
(2014) The World. Subtitled: "A Traveller's Guide to the Planet". Published by Lonely Planet, London, UK. Each chapter is devoted to a specific country and includes a list of the most interesting places to visit and a few other cultural notes..

Lynn, Harvey & Nyborg
(2009) Average intelligence predicts atheism rates across 137 nations. Richard Lynn, John Harvey and Helmuth Nyborg article "Average intelligence predicts atheism rates across 137 nations" in Intelligence (2009 Jan/Feb) vol. 37 issue 1 pages 11-15. Online at www.sciencedirect.com, accessed 2009 Sep 15.

The Fraser Institute
(2016) The Human Freedom Index. Published by The Cato Institute, The Fraser Institute and the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom. Covers data up to 2014. On www.fraserinstitute.org/.../human-freedom-index-2016..

United Nations
(2011) Human Development Report. This edition had the theme of Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All. Published on the United Nation's website at hdr.undp.org/.../HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf (accessed throughout 2013, Jan-Mar). UN Development Program: About the Human Development Index.
(2013) Human Development Report. This edition had the theme of The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. Published on the United Nation's HDR website at hdr.undp.org/.../hdr2013/ (accessed throughout 2013). UN Development Program: About the Human Development Index.
(2017) Human Development Report. Published by the UN Development Programme. Data for 2015. Analysis conducted by the UN Development Report Office. Available on hdr.undp.org/..

World Health Organisation. (WHO)
(2014) Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health. A copy can be found on the WHO website. Accessed 2015 Jan 04. It "presents a comprehensive perspective on the global, regional and country consumption of alcohol, patterns of drinking, health consequences and policy responses in Member States" and was published in Geneva on 2014 May 12.

Footnotes

World Bank data on data.worldbank.org accessed 2013 Nov 04.^
UN (2011) .^
UN (2017) Table 1.^
UN (2017) Gross National Income, per person. Table 1.^
International Standards Organisation (ISO) standard ISO3166-1, on www.iso.org, accessed 2013 May 01.^
Top level domains (TLDs) are managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) on www.iana.org.^
According to ISO4217.^
According to ITU-T.^
CIA (2013) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html accessed 2014 Apr 27.^
Lonely Planet (2014) chapter "Spain" .^
UN (2017) Table 1. Lower is better.^
"What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life" by Vexen Crabtree (2017)^
UN (2017) Dashboard 2. Higher is worse. Old-age is counted as 65+, and ratio is of these to people ages 15-64. Projections are for 2030 based on medium-fertility variant of growth.^
UN (2013) Table 11.^
UN (2013) Table 14. Births per woman (2012), expressed as deviance (positive or negative) from the value of 2.0.^
UN (2017) Table 1. Higher is better.^^
UN (2013) Table 14.^
UN (2017) Table 5. Lower is better.^^
"What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life: 3.6. Women Stand for Election & Vote (1893+) New Zealand, Australia, Finland" by Vexen Crabtree (2017)^
Gallup (2009) .^
Zuckerman, P. (2007). Atheism: contemporary numbers and patterns. In M.Martin (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. In "Average intelligence predicts atheism rates across 137 nations" by Lynn et al. (2009).^
Pew Forum (2012) publication "The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World´s Major Religious Groups as of 2010" (2012 Dec 18) accessed 2013 May 01.^
CIA (2013) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html accessed 2014 Apr 27.^
Ipsos (2011) .^
internetlivestats.com/internet-users-by-country accessed 2017 Mar 10.^
% of internet access via native IPv6 compared to IPv4. As of 2017 Jun 20, from http://www.cidr-report.org. Accessed 2017 Jun 20.^
"What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life: 4.4. Malware and Email Spam (2010-2) " by Vexen Crabtree (2017)^
WHO (2014) Appendix 1. Alcohol Per Capita Consumption in liters of pure alcohol, 15+ years age population, consumed in 2010. Lower is better.^
World Health Organisation data for 2011-2015 from 7 data series accessed 2017 May 21. Details in "Immunizations: International Statistics on Vaccines and the Autism Scare: 3. World Health Organisation Statistics" by Vexen Crabtree (2017).^
Annual Cigarette Consumption Per Adult (age 15 and above) - compustible cigarettes. Euromonitor International (2014), via tobaccoatlas.org/topic/cigarette-use-globally/ . Accessed 2017 Jun 20.^
UN (2013) World Health Organisation statistics. Suicide Rates Per 100k.^
Max possible=24. Total amount of treaties ratified. Nominal Commitment to Human Rights report published by UCL School of Public Policy, London, UK, at ucl.ac.uk/spp/research/research-projects/nchr accessed 2011 Apr 30.^
Fraser Institute, the (2016) . Covers data for 2014.^
Reporters Without Borders Report "2013 World Press Freedom Index: Dashed hopes after spring" at fr.rsf.org/.../classement_2013_gb-bd.pdf accessed 2013 Feb.^
ADL (2014) . Lower is better.^
Charities Aid Foundation . Average ranking across years 2013-2016. Lower is better.^
- Global Peace Index on www.visionofhumanity.org accessed 2013 Feb 04.
- GPI Fact Sheet (7th Jun 2012) accessed 2013 Feb 04.
- GPI Key Findings accessed 2013 Feb 04.
^
UN (2013) Table 9. Higher is better. Table 9. The UN's data is the latest available from a range of data from 2007-2011.^
UN (2011) Table 6. Higher is better.^
Higher is better. Sources:
- PF 2013: Pew Forum on pewforum.org/Gay-Marriage-and-Homosexuality/...-2013.aspx (page updated April 17, 2013, accessed on same date). (Source of the quotes on religious opposition to LGBT).
- Wikipedia on en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_at_the_United_Nations accessed 2013 Apr 18. (Source of data on who signed the UN 2008 document and its opposing document).
- Wikipedia on en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights accessed 2013 Apr 18 (source of the civil union & legality of homosexuality legality by country).
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