Hungary (Republic of Hungary)

Hungary Republic of Hungary
Status	Independent State
Capital	Budapest
Land Area	90 530km21
Location	Europe
Population	9.9m (2011)2
Life Expectancy	75.31yrs (2017)3
GNI	$23 394 (2017)4
ISO3166-1 Codes	HU, HUN, 3485
Internet Domain	.hu6
Currency	Forint (HUF)7
Telephone	+368

1. Overview
2. Hungary National and Social Development
3. Population and Demographics
4. Politics and Freedom
5. Gender Equality
6. Religion and Beliefs
7. The Internet
8. Public Health Issues
9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries
10. Links

---

1. Overview

“Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later. In 2011, Hungary assumed the six-month rotating presidency of the EU for the first time.”

CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Hungary has always marched to a different drummer – speaking a language, preparing dishes and drinking wines like no others. It´s Europe at its most exotic. A short hop from Vienna, this land of Franz Liszt and Béla Bartók, paprika-lashed dishes and the romantic Danube River continues to enchant visitors. The allure of Budapest, once an imperial city, is obvious at first sight, and it also boasts the hottest nightlife in the region. Other cities, too, like Pécs, the warm heart of the south, and Eger, the wine capital of the north, have much to offer travellers, as does the sprawling countryside, particularly the Great Plain, where cowboys ride and cattle roam.

And where else can you laze about in an open-air thermal spa while snow patches glisten around you? In Hungary you´ll find all the glamour, excitement and fun of Western Europe – at half the cost.”

"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Hungary National and Social Development

#human_development

UN HDI (2016)11
Pos.		Lower is better Rank11
1	Norway	1
2	Australia	2
3	Switzerland	2
	...
40	Slovakia	40
41	Portugal	41
42	UAE	42
43	Hungary	43
44	Latvia	44
45	Croatia	45
46	Argentina	45
47	Bahrain	47
	World Avg	94.3
q=188.

Social & Moral Development Index12
Pos.		Higher is better Points12
1	Denmark	84.2
2	Sweden	83.7
3	Finland	83.5
	...
26	Czechia	70.8
27	Korea, S.	70.8
28	Portugal	70.0
29	Hungary	69.4
30	Slovenia	69.3
31	Israel	67.2
32	Poland	67.0
33	Cyprus	66.5
	World Avg	54.1
q=198.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: What is the Best Country in the World? An Index of Morality, Conscience and Good Life.

3. Population and Demographics

#demographics #health #Hungary #immigration #life_expectancy #overpopulation #population

Old-Age Dependency Ratio (2016)13
Pos.		Lower is better Per 10013
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3	Chad	04.7
	...
148	Norway	32.2
149	Iceland	32.5
150	Serbia	32.7
151	Hungary	32.9
152	Romania	33.6
153	USA	33.8
154	New Zealand	34.9
155	UK	35.0
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Emigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Dominica	104.8
2	Palestine	68.4
3	Samoa	67.3
	...
113	Iraq	4.9
114	Denmark	4.7
115	Yemen	4.7
116	Hungary	4.6
117	Colombia	4.6
118	Sierra Leone	4.6
119	Philippines	4.6
120	Egypt	4.4
	World Avg	11.5
q=192.

Fertility Rate (2013)15
Pos.		2.0 is best15
1	Korea, N.	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
94	Germany	1.44
95	Laos	2.58
96	Malaysia	2.58
97	Hungary	1.42
98	Romania	1.42
99	Japan	1.40
100	Poland	1.40
101	Nepal	2.60
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Immigrants (2010)14
Pos.		%14
1	Qatar	86.5
2	Monaco	71.6
3	UAE	70.0
	...
89	Guinea	3.8
90	Congo, (Brazzaville)	3.8
91	Malta	3.8
92	Hungary	3.7
93	S. Africa	3.7
94	Argentina	3.6
95	Venezuela	3.5
96	Panama	3.4
	World Avg	9.2
q=192.

Life Expectancy (2015)16
Pos.		Higher is better Years16
1	Hong Kong	84.16
2	Japan	83.68
3	Italy	83.34
	...
63	Bahamas	75.56
64	Macedonia	75.53
65	Turkey	75.53
66	Hungary	75.31
67	Nicaragua	75.21
68	St Lucia	75.20
69	Serbia	75.05
70	Sri Lanka	75.05
	World Avg	71.27
q=190.

Population (2012)17
Pos.		The Overpopulation of the Earth17
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.3b
3	USA	315.8m
	...
82	Haiti	10.3m
83	Bolivia	10.2m
84	Dominican Rep.	10.2m
85	Hungary	9.9m
86	Serbia	9.8m
87	Somalia	9.8m
88	Belarus	9.5m
89	Sweden	9.5m
	World Avg	36.0m
q=195.

Hungary's population is predicted to fall to 9 644 000 by 2030. Developed countries with falling populations face a pension's crises, whereby an incresingly ageing population must be cared for by fewer and fewer workers. Economic stability can be maintained by increasing foreign workers from younger countries. This country has a fertility rate of 1.42. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

• The Overpopulation of the Earth
• Abortion, Birth Control and Contraception

4. Politics and Freedom

#antisemitism #burundi #corruption #eritrea #france #freedom #human_development #human_rights #Hungary #indonesia #mass_media #peace #politics #slavery

Anti-Semite Opinions (2014)18
Pos.		Lower is better %18
1	Laos	0
2	Philippines	3
3	Sweden	4
	...
69	Belarus	38
70	Peru	38
71	Colombia	41
72	Hungary	41
73	Dominican Rep.	41
74	Serbia	42
75	Bulgaria	44
76	Mauritius	44
	World Avg	36.8
q=101.

Corruption (2012-2016)19
Pos.		Higher is better Avg Score19
1	Denmark	90.8
2	New Zealand	90.6
3	Finland	89.4
	...
48	Latvia	54.0
49	Mauritius	54.0
50	Rwanda	52.6
51	Hungary	52.4
52	Georgia	52.4
53	Czechia	51.8
54	Malaysia	50.0
55	Namibia	50.0
	World Avg	43.05
q=176.

Global Peace Index (2012)20
Pos.		Lower is better20
1	Iceland	1.11
2	New Zealand	1.24
3	Denmark	1.24
	...
14	Sweden	1.42
15	Germany	1.42
16	Portugal	1.47
17	Hungary	1.48
18	Norway	1.48
19	Bhutan	1.48
20	Malaysia	1.49
21	Mauritius	1.49
	World Avg	2.02
q=157.

Nominal Commitment to HR (2009)21
Pos.		Higher is better Treaties21
1	Argentina	24
2	Chile	23
3	Costa Rica	23
	...
26	Australia	21
27	France	21
28	Senegal	21
29	Hungary	20
30	Czechia	20
31	Georgia	20
32	Albania	20
33	Cyprus	20
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom (2014)22
Pos.		Lower is better Rank22
1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
	...
34	Mauritius	34
35	Korea, S.	35
36	Spain	36
37	Hungary	37
38	Costa Rica	38
39	Slovenia	39
40	Bulgaria	40
41	Singapore	40
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

Press Freedom (2013)23
Pos.		Lower is better23
1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
	...
52	Japan	2517
53	Argentina	2567
54	Moldova	2601
55	Hungary	2609
56	Italy	2611
57	Hong Kong	2616
58	Senegal	2619
59	Chile	2624
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

Slavery (2018)24
Pos.		Lower is better % Victims24
1	Japan	0.03
2	Canada	0.05
3	Taiwan	0.05
	...
72	Singapore	0.34
73	Estonia	0.36
74	Mali	0.36
75	Hungary	0.37
76	Bangladesh	0.37
77	Cuba	0.38
78	Israel	0.39
79	Latvia	0.39
	World Avg	0.65
q=167.

The taking of slaves has been an unwholesome feature of Human cultures since prehistory₂₅. Private households and national endeavours have frequently been augmented with the use of slaves. The Egyptian and Roman empires both thrived on them for both purposes. Aside from labourers they are often abused sexually by their owners and their owners' friends₂₆. The era of colonialism and the beginnings of globalisation changed nothing: the imprisonment and forced movements of labour continued to destroy many lives except that new justifications were invented based on Christian doctrine and the effort to convert non-Christians. By 1786 over 12 million slaves had been extracted from Africa and sent to colonial labour camps, with a truly atrocious condition of life₂₇. But they were not the only ones to blame; in Africa internal nations such as the Asantes sold and bought tens of thousands of slaves₂₈.

The abolition of the slave trade was a long and slow process. Until a relatively modern time, even philosophers, religious leaders and those concerned with ethics justified, or ignored, the problem of slavery₂₉. The first abolitionists were always the slaves themselves. Their protests and rebellions caused the industry to become too expensive to continue. After that, it was the economic costs of maintain slave colonies that led the British to reject and then oppose the slave trade globally. Finally, the enlightenment-era thinkers of France encouraged moral and ethical thinking including the declaration of the inherent value of human life and human dignity₃₀. A long-overdue wave of compassionate and conscientious movements swept across the West, eliminating public support for slavery, until the industries and churches that supported it had no choice but to back down.

'Modern slavery' includes forced labour (often of the under-age), debt bondage (especially generational), sexual slavery, chattel slavery and other forms of abuse, some of which can be surprisingly difficult to detect, but often target those fleeing from warzones and the vulnerable.₃₁. Some industries (diamond, clothing, coal) from some countries (Burundi₂₄, Eritrea₂₄, Indonesia₃₂) are a particular concern. The Walk Free Foundation, say that in 2016, 40.3 million people were living in modern slavery₃₃.

5. Gender Equality

#gender #Hungary #misogyny #politics #women

Gender Inequality (2015)34
Pos.		Lower is better34
1	Switzerland	0.04
2	Denmark	0.04
3	Netherlands	0.04
	...
46	UAE	0.23
47	Moldova	0.23
48	Bahrain	0.23
49	Hungary	0.25
50	Saudi Arabia	0.26
51	Albania	0.27
52	Russia	0.27
53	Mongolia	0.28
	World Avg	0.36
q=159.

Year Women Can Vote35
Pos.		Lower is better Year35
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
	...
114	Comoros	1956
115	Malaysia	1957
116	Laos	1958
117	Hungary	1958
118	Chad	1958
119	Nigeria	1958
120	Burkina Faso	1958
121	Guinea	1958
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchialism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.

The 1950s saw a late rush of 43 countries, including Hungary and many developing nations, move to cease preventing women from voting. Hungary is on the way towards ending gender inequality but women are still in an unfavourable position much of the time.

See:

• "Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

6. Religion and Beliefs

#afterlife #belief #buddhism #christianity #god #heaven #hell #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #universalism

Religiosity (2009)36
Pos.		Lower is better %36
1	Estonia	16
2	Sweden	17
3	Denmark	19
	...
10	Belarus	34
11	Latvia	39
12	Luxembourg	39
13	Hungary	39
14	Albania	39
15	Germany	40
16	Switzerland	41
17	Uruguay	41
	World Avg	75.1
q=114.

Disbelief In God (2007)37
Pos.		Higher is better37
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
12	Cuba	40
13	Slovenia	35
14	Bulgaria	34
15	Hungary	32
16	Norway	31
17	Korea, S.	30
18	Finland	28
19	Russia	27
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₃₈:

Christian	81%
Muslim	0.1%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	0.1%
Jew	0.1%
Unaffiliated	18.6%

By adding up the Pew Forum data for the major monotheistic religions we can see that these make up 81.2% of the population. Yet there are simply too many who disbelieve in God for this to be true (32%). This is due to the so-called 'Census Effect', whereby many put down a religion for cultural reasons rather than because it reflects their beliefs. In highly Christian countries, as many as half of those who say they're a Christian lack any connection to a Church, and do not hold Christian beliefs (such as believing in God!).

It appears that when asked "What religion are you" many give pollsters the 'correct' answer despite how they actually feel, and despite what they actually believe. Although 81.5% of the populace say they belong to a religion, only 39% say that they are religious when the question is phrased as "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".

For more on this phenomenon, see:

• "Institutionalized Religions Have Their Numbers Inflated by National Polls" by Vexen Crabtree (2009)

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census)₃₉.

The Afterlife: Ipsos-NA in 2011 gathered some statistics on Hungary₄₀. Despite the large numbers of Christians, not many have traditional beliefs in the afterlife - just 6%. More people don't know what to believe (27%). Even more people believe that upon death, you simply cease to exist (29%). Also, 3% specifically believe in heaven but not in hell (which is nice - making them possible "universalists"). 13% believe in reincarnation.

Links:

• A List of All Religions and Belief Systems
• Secularisation Theory: Will Modern Society Reject Religion? What is Secularism?

7. The Internet

#Hungary #internet #it_security #politics #the_internet

Freedom On The Internet (2012)41
Pos.		Lower is better41
1	Estonia	10
2	USA	12
3	Germany	15
4	Australia	18
5	Hungary	19
6	Philippines	23
7	Italy	23
8	UK	25
9	S. Africa	26
10	Argentina	26
11	Ukraine	27
12	Brazil	27
	World Avg	46.7
q=47.

Internet Users (2016)42
Pos.		Higher is better42
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
35	Austria	81%
36	Ireland	81%
37	Barbados	80%
38	Hungary	80%
39	Kuwait	80%
40	Malta	80%
41	Chile	78%
42	Lithuania	77%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IPv6 Uptake (2017)43
Pos.		Higher is better Ratio43
1	Belgium	55.4
2	Germany	41.8
3	Switzerland	35.1
	...
25	New Zealand	9.7
26	Romania	8.7
27	Austria	7.5
28	Hungary	7.4
29	Guatemala	6.9
30	Saudi Arabia	6.8
31	Vietnam	5.9
32	Slovenia	5.4
	World Avg	3.82
q=176.

IT Security (2013)44
Pos.		Lower is better44
1	Ireland	0.11
2	Luxembourg	0.11
3	Belize	0.11
	...
10	Philippines	0.24
11	Czechia	0.24
12	Argentina	0.27
13	Hungary	0.27
14	Peru	0.30
15	Latvia	0.33
16	Pakistan	0.38
17	Taiwan	0.44
	World Avg	0.98
q=81.

Internet access has become an essential research tool. It facilitates an endless list of life improvements, from the ability to network and socialize without constraint, to access to a seemingly infinite repository of technical and procedural information on pretty much any task. The universal availability of data has sped up industrial development and personal learning at the national and personal level. Individuals can read any topic they wish regardless of the locality of expert teachers, and, entire nations can develop their technology and understanding of the world simply because they are now exposed to advanced societies and moral discourses online. Like every communications medium, the Internet has issues and causes a small range of problems, but these are insignificant compared to the advantages of having an online populace.

8. Public Health Issues

#alcohol #health #Hungary #mental_health #parenting #population #smoking #suicide #vaccines

Adolescent Birth Rate (2015)34
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100034
1	Korea, N.	0.5
2	Korea, S.	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
56	Kiribati	17.2
57	Macedonia	17.6
58	Uzbekistan	17.7
59	Hungary	18.0
60	Belarus	18.2
61	Serbia	19.0
62	Slovakia	20.2
63	Brunei	21.0
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Alcohol Consumption (2010)45
Pos.		Lower is better Per Capita45
1	Libya	0.1
2	Pakistan	0.1
3	Kuwait	0.1
	...
181	Portugal	12.9
182	Slovakia	13.0
183	Czechia	13.0
184	Hungary	13.3
185	Andorra	13.8
186	Ukraine	13.9
187	Romania	14.4
188	Russia	15.1
	World Avg	6.2
q=191.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance (2017)46
Pos.		Lower is better Rank46
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
30	Nicaragua	30
31	Armenia	31
32	Bangladesh	32
33	Hungary	33
34	Macedonia	34
35	India	35
36	Fiji	36
37	Thailand	37
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 (2015)47
Pos.		Higher is better Avg %47
1	Hungary	99.0
2	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
4	Niue	98.8
5	Mongolia	98.7
6	Czechia	98.7
7	Seychelles	98.6
8	Korea, S.	98.6
9	Sri Lanka	98.4
10	St Lucia	98.2
11	Bahrain	98.2
12	Iran	98.1
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

Smoking Rates (2014)48
Pos.		Lower is better48
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
160	Cyprus	1 688
161	Croatia	1 709
162	Japan	1 713
163	Hungary	1 759
164	Estonia	1 775
165	Ukraine	1 854
166	Jordan	1 855
167	Austria	1 988
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Suicide Rate (2013)49
Pos.		Lower is better Per 100k49
1	Haiti	0
2	Grenada	0
3	Egypt	0.1
	...
82	Ukraine	44.8
83	Latvia	48.2
84	Japan	49.4
85	Hungary	50.6
86	Kazakhstan	52.4
87	Guyana	52.4
88	Belarus	57.5
89	Korea, S.	62
	World Avg	20.93
q=91.

9. More Charts and Comparisons to Other Countries