Human Rights, Equality and Freedom in Belarus
https://www.humantruth.info/belarus_human_rights_and_freedom.html
By Vexen Crabtree 2018
#Belarus #belarus_gender #human_rights #international_law #politics
| Belarus Republic of Belarus [Country Profile Page] |  |
|---|---|
| Status | Independent State |
| Social and Moral Index | 93rd best |
| Location | Europe |
| Population | 9.5m1 |
| Life Expectancy | 72.44yrs (2017)2 |
Belarus is very poor at ensuring human rights and freedom compared to the rest of the world, and it has cultural issues when it comes to tolerance and equality. Belarus does better than average in opposing gender inequality3 (but high for Europe), the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators)4 (but high for Europe), commentary in Human Rights Watch reports5 (but one of the lowest in Europe), its nominal commitment to Human Rights6 (but one of the worst in Europe) and in LGBT equality7 (but amongst the worst in Europe). Belarus doesn't do so well in other areas. Belarus does worse than average when it comes to its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice8, freethought9 (amongst the highest in Europe) and in supporting press freedom10 (the worst in Europe). And finally, it falls into the worst 20 in eliminating modern slavery11 (one of the highest in Europe) and in its average Freedom in the World rating (one of the worst in Europe).
1. Belarus's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance
#belarus #equality #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance
| Compared to Europe (2025)12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | Lower is better Avg Rank12 | |
| 1 | Sweden | 8.5 |
| 2 | Denmark | 13.5 |
| 3 | Norway | 13.5 |
| ... | ||
| 41 | Armenia | 74.5 |
| 42 | Moldova | 81.8 |
| 43 | Macedonia | 82.4 |
| 44 | San Marino | 83.7 |
| 45 | Monaco | 86.7 |
| 46 | Turkey | 86.7 |
| 47 | Belarus | 88.3 |
| 48 | Azerbaijan | 95.1 |
| 49 | Vatican City | 154.0 |
| Europe Avg | 51.0 | |
| q=49. | ||
| Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2025)12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | Lower is better Avg Rank12 | |
| 1 | Sweden | 8.5 |
| 2 | Denmark | 13.5 |
| 3 | Norway | 13.5 |
| ... | ||
| 90 | Mali | 86.8 |
| 91 | Belize | 87.4 |
| 92 | Dominica | 87.8 |
| 93 | Belarus | 88.3 |
| 94 | Singapore | 89.2 |
| 95 | Russia | 90.0 |
| 96 | Haiti | 90.4 |
| 97 | Nepal | 90.8 |
| World Avg | 87.8 | |
| q=200. | ||
The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Denmark and Norway13. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are Somalia, The Vatican City and Sudan13.
The data sets used to calculate points for each country are statistics on supporting press freedom, eliminating modern slavery, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, its average Freedom in the World rating, commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe13, whereas the worst are Melanesia, The Middle East and Micronesia13.
For more, see:
Amnesty International's 2023-23 summary on human rights in Belarus stated:
“The rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly remained severely curtailed. At least one man was executed. Torture and other ill-treatment were widespread and impunity prevailed. The justice system was abused to suppress dissent and trials were routinely unfair. National and religious minorities faced discrimination. Refugees and migrants were subjected to violence and refoulement.”
"The State of the World's Human Rights 2022/23" by Amnesty International (2023)14
“The government continued its crackdown on civil society in 2017. Authorities carried out the broadest wave of arrests of peaceful protesters since 2010. For the first time in 10 years, authorities registered a political opposition movement, but restrictive legislation continues to prevent rights groups from registering and operating freely. No new political party has been able to register since 2000. Belarus remains the only European country to use the death penalty [...]. In July, a vaguely worded law on "protecting children from information harmful for their health and development" entered into force. These provisions may be used to restrict dissemination of neutral or positive information about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people as "discrediting the institution of the family". [...]
Laws and regulations governing public association remain restrictive, preventing human rights groups or political opposition movements from registering and operating freely. [... Amongst other incidents,] Police in Minsk raided the Human Rights Center "Viasna," detaining 58 people. A Viasna lawyer had to be hospitalized for a concussion he sustained due to police mistreatment. Authorities refused to open an investigation. [...]
The government continued to refuse to cooperate with United Nations [representatives on Human Rights] [even though] in June, Belarus submitted a report to the UN Human Rights Committee for the first time since 1996.”
"World Report 2018" by Human Rights Watch (2018)15
2. Human Rights & Tolerance
2.1. Press Freedom
#democracy #freedom #Freedom_of_Speech #Good_Governance #mass_media #politics #UK
| Press Freedom Lower is better10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 201310 | |
| 1 | Finland | 638 |
| 2 | Netherlands | 648 |
| 3 | Norway | 652 |
| ... | ||
| 153 | Turkey | 4656 |
| 154 | Swaziland | 4676 |
| 155 | Azerbaijan | 4773 |
| 156 | Belarus | 4835 |
| 157 | Egypt | 4866 |
| 158 | Pakistan | 5131 |
| 159 | Kazakhstan | 5508 |
| 160 | Rwanda | 5546 |
| Europe Avg | 2044 | |
| World Avg | 3249 | |
| q=178. | ||
The freedom to investigate, publish information, and have access to others' opinion is a fundamental part of today's information-driven world, and is linked with Freedom of Speech and Good Governance. Scores on the Press Freedom Index are calculated according to indicators including pluralism - the degree to which opinions are represented in the media, media independence of authorities, self-censorship, legislation, transparency and the infrastructure that supports news and information, and, the level of violence against journalists which includes lengths of imprisonments. The index "does not take direct account of the kind of political system but it is clear that democracies provide better protection for the freedom to produce and circulate accurate news and information than countries where human rights are flouted". The rankings are used as one of the datasets of the Social and Moral Development Index16
It must be noted that press freedom is not an indicator of press quality and the press itself can be abusive; the UK suffers in particular from a popular brand of nasty reporting that infuses several of its newspapers who are particularly prone to running destructive and often untrue campaigns against victims. The Press Freedom Index notes that "the index should in no way be taken as an indicator of the quality of the media in the countries concerned".
For more, see:
- "Human Rights" by Vexen Crabtree (2019).
“Between March and August, authorities detained at least 100 journalists, mostly while they were reporting on street protests, and sentenced at least 10 up to 15 days' detention on trumped-up charges. Police beat six of them. Authorities also prosecuted 20 journalists, for a total of 35 cases, for cooperating with unregistered foreign media, an increase since last year. All resulted insignificant, sometimes repeated, fines.”
"World Report 2018" by Human Rights Watch (2018)15
2.2. Slavery
#belarus #burundi #eritrea #france #human_rights #indonesia #slavery
| Slavery Lower is better11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2018 % Victims11 | |
| 1 | Japan | 0.03 |
| 2= | Canada | 0.05 |
| 2= | Taiwan | 0.05 |
| ... | ||
| 145 | Thailand | 0.89 |
| 146 | Laos | 0.94 |
| 147 | Papua New Guinea | 1.03 |
| 148= | Belarus | 1.09 |
| 148= | Brunei | 1.09 |
| 150 | Myanmar (Burma) | 1.10 |
| 151 | Turkmenistan | 1.12 |
| 152 | Rwanda | 1.16 |
| Europe Avg | 0.38 | |
| World Avg | 0.65 | |
| q=167. | ||
The taking of slaves has been an unwholesome feature of Human cultures since prehistory17. Private households and national endeavours have frequently been augmented with the use of slaves. The Egyptian and Roman empires both thrived on them for both purposes. Aside from labourers they are often abused sexually by their owners and their owners' friends18. The era of colonialism and the beginnings of globalisation changed nothing: the imprisonment and forced movements of labour continued to destroy many lives except that new justifications were invented based on Christian doctrine and the effort to convert non-Christians. By 1786 over 12 million slaves had been extracted from Africa and sent to colonial labour camps, with a truly atrocious condition of life19. But they were not the only ones to blame; in Africa internal nations such as the Asantes sold and bought tens of thousands of slaves20.
The abolition of the slave trade was a long and slow process. Until a relatively modern time, even philosophers, religious leaders and those concerned with ethics justified, or ignored, the problem of slavery21. The first abolitionists were always the slaves themselves. Their protests and rebellions caused the industry to become too expensive to continue. After that, it was the economic costs of maintain slave colonies that led the British to reject and then oppose the slave trade globally. Finally, the enlightenment-era thinkers of France encouraged moral and ethical thinking including the declaration of the inherent value of human life and human dignity22. A long-overdue wave of compassionate and conscientious movements swept across the West, eliminating public support for slavery, until the industries and churches that supported it had no choice but to back down.
'Modern slavery' includes forced labour (often of the under-age), debt bondage (especially generational), sexual slavery, chattel slavery and other forms of abuse, some of which can be surprisingly difficult to detect, but often target those fleeing from warzones and the vulnerable.23. Some industries (diamond, clothing, coal) from some countries (Burundi24, Eritrea24, Indonesia25) are a particular concern. The Walk Free Foundation, say that in 2016, 40.3 million people were living in modern slavery26.
For more, see:
“In Belarus, we found abuse of civic duties in the practice of Subbotniks, which requires government employees to work weekends and donate their earnings to finance government projects under the intimidation or threat of fines.”
"Global Slavery Index" by Walk Free Foundation (2018)27
2.3. Freedom in the World
#freedom #human_rights #hungary #politics #USA
| Freedom in the World Lower is better | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2024 Score | |
| 1= | Norway | 1.0 |
| 1= | Canada | 1.0 |
| 1= | Cape Verde | 1.0 |
| ... | ||
| 192 | Equatorial Guinea | 7.0 |
| 193= | S. Sudan | 7.0 |
| 193= | N. Korea | 7.0 |
| 193= | Belarus | 7.0 |
| 193= | Afghanistan | 7.0 |
| 193= | Iran | 7.0 |
| 193= | Myanmar (Burma) | 7.0 |
| 193= | Eritrea | 7.0 |
| Europe Avg | 2.2 | |
| World Avg | 3.7 | |
| q=205. | ||
Freedom House's long-standing annual report has been running since the 1970s, collecting data on political rights (PR) and civil liberties (CL). Their reports rate countries as "Free", "Partially Free" or "Not Free", however the results here are based on their numerical values. Many countries score the best combination of scores (1 and 1), which is why the table of results show many places equally placed in 1st place. In the past two decades, some well-established democracies like the USA and Hungary have been falling. Whilst most of the world in general is improving rights and freedoms over time, the 2020s has seen some regression.
For more, see:
2.4. Human Rights Watch Comments
| Human Rights Watch Comments Higher is better5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2017 Score5 | |
| 1= | UK | 9 |
| 1= | France | 9 |
| 1= | Germany | 9 |
| ... | ||
| 59 | Haiti | -2 |
| 60 | Serbia | -3 |
| 61= | Papua New Guinea | -3 |
| 61= | Belarus | -3 |
| 61= | India | -3 |
| 61= | Qatar | -3 |
| 61= | Tanzania | -3 |
| 61= | Ecuador | -3 |
| Europe Avg | 3.5 | |
| World Avg | -1.9 | |
| q=123. | ||
Human Rights Watch comments concentrate mostly on negative issues, however, they also make positive comments for those countries that engage in human rights defence around the world, or who make improvements at home. By adding up positive and negative comments (including double-points for negatives that involve large scales and crimes against humanity), the Social and Moral Index turns HRW commentary into quantified values. Some countries may be unfairly penalized because HRW have not examined them, and, some countries "get away" with abuses if they manage to hide it, or if it goes unnoticed - a negative point has been given for those countries in which HRW specifically state that access to investigators has been barred. The points were limited to a minimum of -10 because there are some points at which things are so bad, with abuses affecting so many, it is difficult to be more specific about the depths of the issues.
For more, see:
- "Human Rights" by Vexen Crabtree (2019).
2.5. Nominal Commitment to HR
| Nominal Commitment to HR Higher is better6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2009 Treaties6 | |
| 1 | Argentina | 24 |
| 2= | Chile | 23 |
| 2= | Costa Rica | 23 |
| ... | ||
| 83 | Armenia | 17 |
| 84 | Egypt | 16 |
| 85= | Togo | 16 |
| 85= | Belarus | 16 |
| 85= | Seychelles | 16 |
| 85= | Tajikistan | 16 |
| 85= | Ghana | 16 |
| 85= | Belize | 16 |
| Europe Avg | 19.5 | |
| World Avg | 15.1 | |
| q=194. | ||
There are many international agreements on human rights, and, many mechanisms by which countries can be brought to account for their actions. Together, these have been the biggest historical movement in the fight against oppression and inhumanity. Or, putting it another way: these are rejected mostly by those who wish to oppress inhumanely. None of them are perfect and many people object to various components and wordings, but, no-one has come up with, and enforced, better methods of controlling the occasional desires that states and peoples have of causing angst for other states and peoples in a violent, unjust or inhumane way. Points are awarded for the number of human rights agreements ratified by the country, plus the acceptance of the petition mechanisms for disputes. The maximum possible score in 2009 was 24.
For more, see:
- "Human Rights" by Vexen Crabtree (2019).
2.6. HR Treaties Lag
#human_rights #international_law #micronesia #politics #small_islands
| HR Treaties Lag Lower is better28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2019 Avg Yrs/Treaty28 | |
| 1 | Ecuador | 2.15 |
| 2 | Uruguay | 2.25 |
| 3 | Tunisia | 3.65 |
| ... | ||
| 25 | Libya | 5.61 |
| 26 | Germany | 5.62 |
| 27 | Austria | 5.68 |
| 28 | Belarus | 5.71 |
| 29 | Canada | 5.73 |
| 30 | Cyprus | 5.81 |
| 31 | Argentina | 5.90 |
| 32 | Hungary | 5.91 |
| Europe Avg | 9.09 | |
| World Avg | 10.02 | |
| q=195. | ||
Human Rights (HR) Treaties Lag is a count of how long it took each country to sign each of 11 key HR treaties. From the date of the first signatory of each treaty, all other countries have one point added to their score for each day they delayed in signing. Results are presented as average time in years to sign each one. The lower a country's score, the more enthusiastically it has taken on international Human Rights Treaties - which are, of course, minimal standards of good governance. The slowest are the countries of Micronesia, Melanesia, Australasia and Polynesia all lagged by over 12 years per treaty. The best regions are The Americas, Scandinavia and the Mediterranean.
For more, see:
3. Gender Equality
Belarus is on the way towards ending gender inequality and has been striving towards this end for quite some time.
See:
3.1. Gender Inequality
#gender #gender_equality #human_rights #misogyny #women
| Gender Inequality Lower is better3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 20153 | |
| 1 | Switzerland | 0.04 |
| 2 | Denmark | 0.04 |
| 3 | Netherlands | 0.04 |
| ... | ||
| 29 | Estonia | 0.13 |
| 30 | Poland | 0.14 |
| 31 | Croatia | 0.14 |
| 32 | Belarus | 0.14 |
| 33 | Montenegro | 0.16 |
| 34 | New Zealand | 0.16 |
| 35 | Bosnia & Herzegovina | 0.16 |
| 36 | Macedonia | 0.16 |
| Europe Avg | 0.15 | |
| World Avg | 0.36 | |
| q=159. | ||
The UN Human Development Reports include statistics on gender equality which take into account things like maternal mortality, access to political power (seats in parliament) and differences between male and female education rates. Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchalism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.
For more, see:
3.2. Gender Biases
#gender #gender_equality #prejudice #women
| Gender Biases Lower is better4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2022 %4 | |
| 1 | Sweden | 31.829 |
| 2 | New Zealand | 34.430 |
| 3 | Australia | 37.030 |
| ... | ||
| 35 | Guatemala | 89.630 |
| 36 | S. Korea | 89.930 |
| 37 | Mexico | 90.230 |
| 38 | Belarus | 90.429 |
| 39 | Moldova | 90.731 |
| 40 | Colombia | 91.230 |
| 41 | Bolivia | 91.330 |
| 42 | Russia | 91.430 |
| Europe Avg | 69.08 | |
| World Avg | 83.93 | |
| q=88. | ||
The Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) looks at gender biases across seven criteria; the % given here is for the total people who are biased across any of those criteria. By subtracting the value from 100%, you can see that those who do well on this index, you are seeing a count of those who do not appear to be biased against women in any of the criteria, and so, doing well on this index is a very positive sign for any country.
The data was included in UN (2022) with full results in Annex table AS6.7.1; their data stems for ranges between 2005 and 2022, depending on the country in question.
3.3. Year Women Can Vote
#christianity #gender_equality #human_rights #politics #women
| Year Women Can Vote Lower is better | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | Total Year | |
| 1 | New Zealand | 1893 |
| 2 | Australia | 1902 |
| 3 | Finland | 1906 |
| ... | ||
| 10= | Kyrgyzstan | 1918 |
| 11 | Austria | 1919 |
| 12= | Slovakia | 1919 |
| 12= | Belarus | 1919 |
| 12= | Germany | 1919 |
| 12= | Netherlands | 1919 |
| 12= | Ukraine | 1919 |
| 12= | Luxembourg | 1919 |
| Europe Avg | 1895 | |
| World Avg | 1930 | |
| q=189. | ||
Women now have equal rights in the vast majority of countries across the world. Although academic literature oftens talks of when a country "grants women the right to vote", this enforces a backwards way of thinking. Women always had the right to vote, however, they were frequently denied that right. The opposition to women's ability to vote in equality with man was most consistently and powerfully opposed by the Catholic Church, other Christian organisations, Islamic authorities and some other religious and secular traditionalists.
For more, see:
4. Prejudice
4.1. Anti-Semite Opinions
#antisemitism #christianity #germany #indonesia #israel #jordan #judaism #laos #morocco #netherlands #pakistan #philippines #religion #religious_violence #saudi_arabia #spain #sweden #turkey #UK #vietnam
| Anti-Semite Opinions Lower is better8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2014 %8 | |
| 1 | Laos | 0 |
| 2 | Philippines | 3 |
| 3 | Sweden | 4 |
| ... | ||
| 66= | Azerbaijan | 37 |
| 67 | Ukraine | 38 |
| 68= | S. Africa | 38 |
| 68= | Belarus | 38 |
| 68= | Peru | 38 |
| 71 | Colombia | 41 |
| 72= | Hungary | 41 |
| 72= | Dominican Rep. | 41 |
| Europe Avg | 29.9 | |
| World Avg | 36.8 | |
| q=101. | ||
Anti-Semitism is the world given to irrational racism against Jews. It is not the same as anti-Judaism (involving arguments against the religion) nor the same as anti-Zionism (arguments against Israel). In history, influential Christian theologians concocted the arguments against Jews that led, very early on, to widespread Christian action against Jews32,33,34,35. As Christianity rose to power in the West and presided over the Dark Ages, there were widespread violent outbursts against Jews of the most persistent and horrible kind. The Crusades were frequently aimed at them and the feared Spanish Inquisition paid Jews particular attention. The horror of the holocaust instigated by German Nazis in the 1940s was followed (finally) by the era of European human rights and a movement against racism in general.
The places that are the least anti-Semitical are a few countries of south-east Asia (Laos, the Philippines and Vietnam) and some of the secular liberal democracies of Europe (Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK). The worst countries for antisemitism are Islamic states of the Middle East36, which are undergoing their own Dark Age. Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Morocco, Indonesia, Pakistan and Turkey see the most oppressive and violent actions towards Jews37,38. Jews in Muslim countries face a host of restrictions and "ceaseless humiliation and regular pogroms"39. In 2004 the European Union Monitoring Center on Racism and Xenophobia reported on violent anti-Jew crimes in the EU and found that that largest group of perpetrators were young Muslim males40.
For more, see:
4.2. LGBT Equality
#equality #homosexuality #human_rights #ICCPR #intolerance #sexuality #tolerance
| LGBT Equality Higher is better7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 2017 Score7 | |
| 1 | Netherlands | 103 |
| 2 | Belgium | 90 |
| 3 | Sweden | 86 |
| ... | ||
| 100= | Congo, DR | 15 |
| 100= | Lesotho | 15 |
| 100= | Belize | 15 |
| 100= | Belarus | 15 |
| 100= | Kyrgyzstan | 15 |
| 105 | Jordan | 12 |
| 106= | China | 12 |
| 107 | Djibouti | 11 |
| Europe Avg | 46.9 | |
| World Avg | 12.6 | |
| q=196. | ||
Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) folk is rife across the world. Legal restrictions co-exist alongside social stigmatisation and physical violence41. LGBT tolerance and equal rights have been fought for country-by-country across the world, often against tightly entrenched cultural and religious opposition. Adult consensual sexual activity is a Human Right, protected by privacy laws42. Despite this, homosexual activity is outlawed in around 80 countries41. The Social & Moral LGBT Equality Index was created to compare countries and regions, granting points to each country for a variety of factors including how long gay sex has been criminalized and the extent of LGBT legal rights. Graded negative points are given for criminality of homosexuality, unequal ages of consent, legal punishments and for not signing international accords on LGBT tolerance. The signs in many developed countries are positive, and things are gradually improving. Europe is by far the least prejudiced region (Scandinavia in particular being exemplary). The Middle East and then Africa are the least morally developed, where cultural bias goes hand-in-hand with state intolerance, all too often including physical violence.
For more, see:
4.3. Freedom of Thought
#europe #freedom_of_belief #freethought #human_rights #netherlands #religion #religious_tolerance #secularism #the_enlightenment
| Freedom of Thought Lower is better9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | 20219 | |
| 1= | Belgium | 1.0 |
| 1= | Netherlands | 1.0 |
| 1= | Taiwan | 1.0 |
| ... | ||
| 149 | Myanmar (Burma) | 3.8 |
| 150= | Zimbabwe | 3.8 |
| 150= | Palestine | 3.8 |
| 150= | Belarus | 3.8 |
| 150= | Sri Lanka | 3.8 |
| 150= | Russia | 3.8 |
| 150= | Thailand | 3.8 |
| 150= | Israel | 3.8 |
| Europe Avg | 2.6 | |
| World Avg | 3.0 | |
| q=196. | ||
Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Belief are upheld in Article 18 the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights43. It affirms that it is a basic human right that all people are free to change their beliefs and religion as they wish44. No countries voted against this (although eight abstained). This right was first recognized clearly in the policies of religious toleration of the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe in the post-enlightenment era45 of the 19th century. In democratic countries, freedom of belief and religion is now taken for granted46. In 2016 a study found that over 180 countries in the world had come to guarantee freedom of religion and belief47. The best countries at doing so are Taiwan, Belgium and The Netherlands9,48 and the worst: Afghanistan, N. Korea, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia9,49.
Long-term studies have shown that religious violence and persecution both decrease in cultures where religious freedom is guaranteed50. Despite this, there still are many who are strongly against freedom of belief44, including entire cultures and many individual communities of religious believers. Their alternative is that you are not free to believe what you want and they often state that you cannot change religion without being punished (often including the death penalty): this is bemoaned as one of the most dangerous elements of religion51 and "the denial of religious freedoms is inevitably intertwined with the denial of other freedoms"52 and the solution is, everywhere, to allow religious freedom and the freedom of belief.
For more, see: